工程施工过程的质量管理毕业论文外文翻译

1、Construetion qua I ity management processQuality of construction is the construction of life is the focus of attention. To ensure the quality of the project, in the course of constiuction works must be strict quality management, which is co-ordination the whole process of construction, and promote t

2、echnological advancement and optimization of enterprise construction management will play an important role.First, the impact of factors Constiuction Quality1, the human element of project management trainingThe human factor mainly refers to the quality of leadership, the operator skill level and qu

3、ality of service concept. High quality leadership, decision-making ability is strong, there is a strong quality planning, management by objectives, construction and technical guidance, quality inspection capabilities, perfect management system, technical measures are effective, the project quality i

4、s high Operators have a strong technical level and meticulous work style, it will strictly enforce such quality standards and operating procedures2, material factorsConstruction materials are the material conditions, material quality is the foundation of quality engineering, material quality does no

5、t meet the requirements of the project will be impossible to meet quality standards. Some contractors to undertake a project, to seek more benefits, not by engineering and technical specifications of the varieties, specifications, technical data and other procurement-related products or semi-finishe

6、d products, or for purchasing low quality of personnel, the quality of its raw materials for effective control pursuits, the payment of kickbacks and commissions. Some enterprises do not have sound management and restraint mechanisms; can not eliminate fake and shoddy products into the construction,

7、 the quality of risks to the project left.3, the method factorsConstruction process of the method refers to the project throughout the construction period adopted by the technical program, process, organizational measures, detection methods and constnjction organization design. This problem more oft

8、en, such as the development of construction design, can not be strictly enforced, do not follow the standards and norms in construction, do not pay attention to the management of the construction process, not the development of practical preventive measures, and we have to deal with the problem. Esp

9、ecially the constiuction program is correct or not, directly affects the quality of the project.4, environmental factorsAffect the quality of the project more environmental factors Engineering environment, such as engineering geology, hydrology, meteorology, etc.; project management environment, suc

10、h as quality assurance system, quality management system; working environment, such as labor union, labor tools, face, etc.; human environment, such as local customs, social security, and wealth and so on. Environmental factors affect the quality of the project, with complex features, such as changi

11、ng weather conditions, temperature, humidity, wind, rain, heat; cold have a direct impact on project quality.Second, building construction quality management measures1, to improve management, constiuction and operation of their own qualityFirst, all participants should improve the quality of the con

12、struction workers sense. Allow them to establish five major concepts, namely the concept of quality, pre-control-based concept of customer service concepts, ideas and data to speak with social and business benefits of combining the concept of comprehensive benefitsSecondly, to improve personnel trai

13、ning, improve staff quality. To the quality of personnel on-site knowledge of construction, construction technology, safety knowledge, knowledge of education and training to improve the overall quality of the construction workers Special instructions in strict accordance with the guidance of constru

14、ction jobs, construction workers to be trained and qualified2, to strengthen quality control of raw materialsFirst of all, to improve the political quality and procurement personnel qualification standards, choose a certain sense of responsibility who have professional knowledge as the work. Secondl

15、y, the procurement of materials to facilities to let the master material information, a comprehensive comparison, preferred stock Admission materials, supplies must be qualified for the party manufacturers or reputable store purchases, procurement of materials or equipment must have factory certific

16、ation, material certification and manual. Charge of procurement of materials suppliers to be assessed on a regular basis, assessment. Third, the construction site materials in conjunction with site personnel to be responsible people. Party and other relevant staff on-site equipment and materials ent

17、ering the inspection and acceptance Special instnjctions and test materials must be reported to the steel, cement, waterproofing materials, concrete admixtures, etc. must be re-examination and witness the sampling test. When there is doubt on the quality, in full or on the double sampling test.3, to

18、 improve the level of construction quality managementEach project has the overall constnjction plan, each sub-project construction must be done before the program first, and construction plan must be different levels of examination and approval system, but also to make a model program after the tria

19、l, repeated problems on the model for changes until the design requirements before implementation. In the project implementation process, according to new problems and new situations, changes in time of the construction program, the program seeks to technical feasibility, economic rationality, advan

20、ced technology, and effective measures, easy to operate, will help improve the quality, speed up the progress and reduce costs.4, establish a sound quality management systemFirst, the constnjction unit in the quality of the project started before the formation of the whole process of system analysis

21、, system design and the formation of quality manual, operating instructions, reports, forms, etc., a clear system of quality management staff, all work must be someone responsible, clear checks at each level. The whole project should be responsible for system implementation project manager, project

22、responsibility to the people at every level.1. Quality management process into the construction phase(1) The entity formed by the construction phase is the process of transformation into material form. Divided into the material of inputs, resources, quality of management; construction and installati

23、on of production process quality management, that is to put the material resources into engineering products process, the factors affecting the quality of products, and intermediate products of various aspects of quality control; output of goods for the completion of the project quality control and

24、acceptance The first two works for the formation of the final product quality has a decisive role: the need for the project impact the quality of the overall management of the five factors These include: construction-related human factors; materials (including semi-finished products) of factors, mac

25、hinery and equipment (permanent equipment and construction equipment) factors, construction method (construction program; methods and processes) and environmental factors(2) Hierarchy by project construction divisionProject construction quality management processes are: process quality management su

26、b-project quality management division of engineering quality management unit project quality management quality management of individual projects.One unit of project quality management and quality management of individual projects, including construction quality management, quality management and in

27、stallation of construction materials and equipment and quality management.(3) Entity by die quality of construction time for die formation of StagesThe project construction quality control process is divided into precontrol of things in control and after control. Which pre-control for the pre-constr

28、uction preparation stage of quality control, including the preparatory work and the factors affecting the quality of quality control. Something to control the construction process for all parties concerned with the construction process, quality control including the intermediate products (product or

29、 process division, sub-project product) quality control. Control refers to the construction after the completion of the final product (in engineering or the entire project) and stakeholders (such as quality documentation) of quality control.Therefore, the construction phase of quality management can

30、 understand the resources invested in pairs and conditions of the various aspects of the production process, the product of the completed works, the whole process of quality inspection and control of a system process2. Pre-construction preparation phase of quality managementPreparation phase before

31、construction contractor must do the preparatory work, including technical preparation, physical preparation, organizational preparation and construction site preparation.Supervision engineers commissioned by the owners at this stage of the quality management include the following two aspects:(1) The

32、 contractor to do construction work to prepare a comprehensive inspection and quality control. This includes review of qualifications, the construction team and quality control personnel; from procurement, manufacturing, transportation, handling, approach, storage and use of other aspects of the pro

33、ject will require raw materials, semi-finished products and permanent facilities, equipment so the whole process, comprehensive management; methods of construction, program and process management, including construction design (or constnjction plans), construction quality assurance measures to revie

34、w and construction programs; under constnjction organization design (or construction plan) for construction machinery, equipment reviews; review and control of the contractor of the construction environment and the quality of the preparation conditions; reference point and reference for measuring th

35、e elevation of the recognition and Engineering Surveying quality control.(2) Good monitoring of preparatory work, design tests, and Mixed drawings, design drawings of the change and control; to do the constnjction site to ensure site and channel conditions; strict quality assurance prior to start of

36、f and other work3. Quality management during constructionSupervision engineers commissioned by the owners at this stage perform the following quality management:(1) Self-checking system and process quality control the construction contractors quality control monitoring(2) Of the contractor in the co

37、nstruction process of tracking and monitoring of quality engineering activities, the transition between the strict inspection process to establish the quality of construction and other trace files.(3) Review and organize all of the engineering change or modify the drawings to study.(4) of the proces

38、s of inspection and acceptance of products, as well as parts of major projects and process engineering professionals to test, technical review and so on.(5) Deal with quality problems have occurred, or 什ie quality of the accident.(6) Issued a shutdown command and control of construction quality.4. C

39、onstruction process of the formation of product quality management:Commissioned by the owners supervising engineer for the division, sub-project acceptance; organization linkage test or equipment commissioning; organizational unit or the entire project completion and acceptance of project workOne of

40、 the divisions, the quality of sub-project has three main functions of acceptance, can not be ignored(1) to ensure that role, through the division of sub-project inspection can determine whether a HfailureH of the branch, sub-project and protect the quality, so that does not meet the standard divisi

41、ons and sub-projects after repair transferred to meet quality standards before the next process(2) prevention, through the division, sub-projects to prevent the acceptance of substandard quality of construction occurred during the segment, sub-project, even found time to take effective measures can

42、be corrected, so that the quality of the project in a stable state, play a preventive role.(3) Feedback effect, through the division of sub-project of acceptance from the data and information analysis and evaluation, from the quality of information obtained promptly notify the contractor to improve

43、their workAmong the division, lifting project quality acceptance has three function, should not be ignored (1) Ensure that role, through to the division, lifting project acceptance can evaluate whether MunqualifiedH the division, component project, quality, make the nations do not conform to the sta

44、ndaids of the division, sectional works after repair to quality standards to turn people after the next working procedure(2) to protect, through to the division, lifting project acceptance can prevent appear in the process of construction quality is not qualified division, component project, even if

45、 the findings also can promptly take effective measures to correct, to make the project quality in a stable state, play a preventive role.(3) information feedback effects, through to the division, lifting project acceptance of the data and analysis and evaluation, the quality of information obtained

46、 from timely notify contractor, improve our work附录II工程施工过程的质量管理施工质量是建筑工程的生命，也是社会关注的热点。为保证工程质量，在施 工过程中必须对工程进行严格的质量管理，这对统筹建筑施工全过程、推动企业 的技术进步和优化建筑施工管理都将起到重要作用。一、影响建筑工程施工质量的因素1、人的因素项目管理培训人的因素主要指领导者的素质、操作人员的技术水平以及服务人员的质量观 念。领导者素质高，决策能力就强，就有较强的质量规划、U标管理、施工组织 和技术指导、质量检查的能力，管理制度完善，技术措施得力，工程质量就高。 操作人员具备较强的技术

47、水平和一丝不苟的工作作风，就会严格执行质量标准和 操作规程等。2、材料因素材料是工程施工的物质条件，材料质量是工程质量的基础，材料质量不符合 要求，工程质量也就不可能符合标准。有些承包商承接工程后，为谋取更多利益, 不按工程技术规范要求的品种、规格、技术参数等采购相关的成品或半成品，或 因采购人员素质低下，对其原材料的质量不进行有效控制，放任自流，从中收取 回扣和好处费。还有的企业没有完善的管理机制和约束机制，无法杜绝假冒、伪 劣产品进入工程施工中，给工程留下质量隐患。3、方法因素施工过程中的方法，指在工程项U整个建设周期内所采取的技术方案、工艺 流程、组织措施、检测手段和施工组织设计等。这方

48、面的问题往往比较多，如制 定了施工组织设计，不能严格执行，不按标准和规范施工，不注重施工过程的管 理，不制定切实可行的预防措施，出现问题了才去处理。特别是施工方案的正确 与否，直接影响工程质量。4、环境因素影响工程项U质量的环境因素较多。工程技术环境，如工程地质、水文、气 象等；工程管理环境，如质量保证体系、质量管理制度等；劳动环境，如劳动组 合、劳动工具、工作面等；人文环境，如当地的风土人情、社会治安、富裕程度 等。环境因素对于工程质量的影响，具有复杂多变的特点，如气象条件变化万千, 温度、湿度、大风、暴雨、酷署、严寒都直接影响工程质量。二、建筑工程施工质量管理的措施1、提高管理、施工及操作

49、人员自身素质首先，应提高所有参与工程施工人员的质量意识。让他们树立五大观念，即 质量第一的观念、预控为主的观念、为用户服务的观念、用数据说话的观念以及 社会效益与企业效益相结合的综合效益观念。其次，要搞好人员培训，提高员工素质。要对现场施工人员进行质量知识、 施工技术、安全知识等方面知识的教育和培训，提高施工人员的综合素质。特殊 过程严格按作业指导说明书组织施工，施工人员需经培训并取得资格。2、加强原材料质量管理首先，提高采购人员的政治素质和质量鉴定水平，选择有一定专业知识乂有 责任心的人担任该项工作。其次，釆购材料要广开门路，掌握材料信息，综合比 较，择优进货。进场材料、物资须在合格的供方厂

50、家或有信誉的商店采购，所釆 购的材料或设备必须有出厂合格证、材质证明和使用说明书。物资采购主管要定 期对供货商进行评审、考核。其三，施工现场材料人员要会同工地负责人、屮方 等有关人员负责对现场设备及进场材料进行检查验收。特殊材料要有说明书和试 验报告，对钢材、水泥、防水材料、混凝土外加剂等必须进行复试和见证取样试 验。当对质量有怀疑时，就加倍抽样或全数检验。3、提高施工的质量管理水平每项工程有总体施工方案，每一分项工程施工之前也要做到方案先行，并且 施工方案必须实行分级审批制度，方案审完后还要做出样板，反复对样板中存在 的问题进行修改，直至达到设计要求方可执行。在工程实施过程中，根据出现的 新

51、问题、新情况，及时对施工方案进行修改，力求方案技术可行、经济合理、工 艺先进、措施得力、操作方便，有利于提高质量、加快进度、降低成本。4、建立完善的质量管理体系首先，施工单位在开工前必须对工程质量形成的全过程进行系统分析、系统 设计并形成质量手册、作业指导书、报告、表格等，明确质量管理体系人员，各 项工作要有专人负责，责任明确，层层把关。整个工程应实施项LI经理负责制， 工程责任层层落实到人。1. 施工阶段质量管理过程划分（1）按施工阶段工程实体形成过程中物质形态的转化划分.可分为对投入 的物质、资源质量的管理；施工及安装生产过程质量管理，即在使投入的物质资 源转化为工程产品的过程中，对影响产品质量的各因素、各环节及中间产品的质 量进行控制；对完成的工程产出品质量的控制与验收。前两项工作对于最终产品质量的形成具有决定性的作用，：需要对影响工程 项LI质量的五大因素进行全面管理。其中包括：施工有关人员因素；材料（包括 半成品）因素、机械设备（永久性设备及施工设备）因素、施工方法（施工方案; 方法及工艺）因素和环境因素。（2）按工程项目施工层次结构划分工程项U施工质量管理过程为：工序质量管理、分项工程质量管理、分部工 程质量管理、单位工程质量管理、单项工程质量管理。其中单位工程质量管理与 单项工程质量管理包括建筑施工