被动语态的讲解

1、被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式 , 表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系 , 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 ,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态：am /is/ are + 动词的过去分词2.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词3.一般过去时的被动语态：was /were + 动词的过去分词4.一般将来时的被动语态：will be + 动词的过去分词5.现在进行时的被动语态：am /is /are +doing +动词的过去分词6.过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+doing+动词的过去分词7.现在完

2、成时的被动语态：have /has +been +动词的过去分词8.过去完成时的被动语态：had+been + 动词的过去分词9.过去将来时的被动语态：would/should+be+动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法:(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the worldEnglish is widely spoken in the world now.(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .The p

3、roblem is dealt with now .(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时It is said that she was a beauty when she was young .三主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done , 时不变，数格必须随被变。注： 1. 主动、被动的时态要一致。2. 主动、被动的句式要一致。3. 变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。四、语态转换不被动语态的步骤1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+ 过去分词 "。13, 原来主动语态句子中的主语 ,如果需要就放在

4、 by 的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为 by 是介词 , 后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。 ) 以指明做事的人或物 ,如果没有必要 ,可以省略。4, 其它成分不变5, 被动语态中 "by+ 宾语 "的省略被动语态句式中的 "by+ 宾语 "表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者 , 但是在遇到以下情况时 ,表示动作执行者 "by + 宾语 "常常被省略。(1) 动作执行者不确定时Paper is made from wood .Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .(2) 不

5、必表明动作执行者时English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languagesFootball is played in most schools。(3 )动作执行者为一般大众时Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式(1)肯定式 :主语 + was /were + 过去分词 +byIt was made in Beijing Ren'ai Education Institute .(2)

6、否定式 : 主语 +was /were + not +过去分词 + byShe was not given a paniting by him .This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday .(3)一般疑问句 :Was /Were +主语 +过去分词 +by ?Was it made of bamboo?(4)特殊疑问句 : 特殊疑问词 +was/were +过去分词 +byWhat was is made of ?教你一招如果句子为一般现在时 , 主动语态用 do/does , 被动语态用 is/am /are2如果句子为

7、一般过去时 , 主动语态用 did , 被动语态用 was /were .由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式 :主语 +情态动词 +be+ 过去 -Water can be changed into ice. She ought to tidy up her bedroom-Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.You should buy a dictionary at once -A dictionary should be bought atonce by you.(2) 否定式 :主语 + 情态动词 +not +be + 过去分词 +byYo

8、u must not take out any books .- Any books mustn't be taken out by you .They needn't look after the little child -The little child needn't be lookedafter (by them)(3) 疑问句 :情态动词 +主语 +be + 过去分词 +by Can you use it ?-Can it be used ?常见的情态动词有 :can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.主动语态

9、不能变为被动语态的情况:1, 当宾语是反身代词时The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .2, 当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时Does the pair of new shoes suit you?We will have a meeting .四特殊情况的被动语态：1. 带双宾语的被动语态：动词 + sb( 间宾 ) +sth( 直宾 )口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for间宾连。1).give/pass /show与介词 to 搭配。give sb sth sb +be given sth或 sth +be given +to sb

10、 .2).buy/make/cook与介词 for 搭配。buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a bookI _ _ a book by him.A book _ _ _ me by him .My mother made me a cake .I _ _ a cake by my motherA cake _ _ _ me by my mother .2. 带省 to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .口诀：感使动词真叫怪， to 来 to 去记心怀， 主动语态 to

11、离去被动语态 to 回来。动词： make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watchmake sb do sth -sb + be +made +to do sthThe boss made the workers work all dayThe workers _ _ _ work all day by the boss.3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth句型中变被动语态时doing不变。3I heard Tom singing just nowTom _ _ _ by me just now .4. 以动词短语作

12、谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old .The old should _ _ _ _ .五注意事项：1. 有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last ,have ,own.belong to ,suitfine ,2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：容纳 )happen ,take place ,appear , hold (3.系动词是没有被动语态： Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste .The dish tastes good .4. 有些词组没有被动语态： sell well , w

13、rite well ,ride well ,drive well This kind of skirt sells well.5.need 表示需要时，后面常接 doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于 to be done . All the computers need repairing .=All the computers need _ _ _ .6. 在 too to 及 enough to结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solve.（一）一、单项选择( )1. Do you often clean your classroom?

14、Yes. Our classroom _ every day.A. clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning( )2.A talk on developments in science and technology_in the school hall next week.A. given B.will be given C.has been given D.give( )3.His new book_ next month.A. will be publishedB. is publishingC. is being publishedD. has

15、been published( )4. Did you go to Jacks birthday party?No,I_.A. am not invitedB.wasnt invitedC.havent invitedD.didn t invite( )5. Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack?When your homework_,you can.4A. is done B.was done C.does D.did( )6.Twenty year olds should not_to drive in China.A.allow B.be allow C.b

16、e allowed D.allowed.( )7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what_.A.would happen B.had happened C.happened D.was happened.( )8.The book Businessthe Speed of Thought _in 1999.A.writesB.is writtenC.wroteD.was written.( )9.Trees and flowers_every year to make our country m

17、ore beautiful.A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted.( )10.China s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang_Good Will Ambassadors( 亲善大使 )for Shang hai.A.has been named B.have been named C.has named D.have named.( )11.The earth is our home.It _well.A.must be protectedB.should protectC.nee

18、d protectD.should protected.( )12.In recent years, many children are made _ what they are not_.A.to do;interested inB.to do;interestedC.do;interestedD.do;interested.( )13._a new library_in your school last year?A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;built D.Did;built.( )14.An accident_on this road last week.

19、A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened.( )15.Cotten _in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow.( )16.So far, the moon_by man already.5A. is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited.( )17.How many trees _this year?A.are planted B.will plant

20、 C.have been planted D.planted. ( )18.A lot of things _by people to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done. ( )19.Neither of them _ in ChinaA.is made B.are made C.were made D.made.( )20.Look! A nice picture_for our teacher.A. is drawing B.is being drawn

21、 C.has been drawn D.draws.( )21.Your shoes_.You need a new pair.A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn.( )22.The doctor_for yet.A.isn t sent B.hasnt been sentC.wont be sent D.wasnt sent.( )23 When _this kind of computer_?Last year. A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used ( )24.The Great Wa

22、ll_about all over the world.A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known. ( )25.I_in summer.A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born.( )26.He says that Mr Zhang_to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent.( )27.Who _this book_?A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D

23、.was;written ( )28.Mary _show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to6( )29. A story _ by Granny yesterday.A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us( )30.The monkey was seen_out of the tree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump（二）二、单项选择1 ( ) 1 The People'

24、s Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of c

25、ar _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2 ( ) 1 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. _.A. it sold B. it's sellin

26、g C. It's been sold D. it had been sold( ) 3 A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave.7A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B

27、. are needing C. are needed D. will need3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2 These papers_yet.A. have not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written( ) 3 The sports meet _ be held until next week.A. d

28、idn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't4 ( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.- _.A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?( ) 2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 3 _ these desks be need

29、ed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do5( ) 1 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting heldC. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held( ) 2 Who was the book_?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 3 Where _ these boxes made?A. was B. were C. i

30、s D. am86( ) 1 The flowers_often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 2 The books may_ for two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended7( ) 1 The old bridge in my

31、 hometown_ next month.A. is going to be rebuiltB. will rebuiltC. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt( ) 2 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B.will shown C. will show D. is shown( ) 3 The old stone bridge _ next week.A. is going to be rebuiltB. will be rebuildC.

32、 are going to be rebuiltD. will rebuild8( ) 1 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 2 The pot _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keepingC. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( ) 3 Tea _ in the south of Ch

33、ina.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 4 The bridges_ two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 5 Wet clothes are often_up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung99( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A.

34、be stopped to throwB. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throwD. stop from throwing( ) 2 The teapot _ water.A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and _ politely.A. speak toB. spokenC. speakD. spoken to( ) 4 Old people must _.A. look after we

35、llB. be looked well afterC. looked well afterD. be looked after well10( ) 1 Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good careB. are taken good care ofC. take good care ofD. take good care( ) 2 They were_ at the sudden noise.A. frighteningB. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 3 These walls_sto

36、nes.A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into11( ) 1 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 2 The papers _ to them.A. were shown B. showC. shown /D. have shown( ) 3 The coat_her sister.A.made to B.were made for C.was made for D.wa

37、s made to12 ( ) 1 I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.10A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 2 Good care_such things.A. should take ofB. should be takenC. should be takingD. should be taken of( ) 3 She will_good care_.A.take;ofB.be taken;of C. take;for you D. be taken

38、;of you13( ) 1 The teacher made him_ his homework.A. to do B. do C. didD. done( ) 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to cleanB. made cleanC. made to cleanD. was made clean( ) 3 These children_dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to14( ) 1 These stones_we

39、ll.A. are fittedB. fitC. fitsD. is fitted( ) 2 The bike _ 500 yuan.A. was costB. costed C. cost D. is costed( ) 3 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.A. was hadB. was heldC. heldD. had15 ( ) 1 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have taken place C. were tak

40、ing place D. had taken place( ) 2You can't use the computer, it_.A.was broken downB.is wrong C.is bad D.has broken down( ) 3Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years.11A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened( ) 4 The watch has often _ down.A. sat B. lain C

41、. broken D. fell16 ( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one_.A. is brokenB. is breakingC. brokeD. broken( ) 2 The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s.A. are written B. were writtenC. are writing D. were writing( ) 3 What time _ the door _ every day?A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed

42、D. /; close17 ( ) 1 Can he_ himself?A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of( ) 2 He fell from his bike and _.A. is hurtB. gets hurtC. got hurtD. hurt( ) 3Lookout, please keep away from the fire,or your trousers will_.A. burntB. burnC. burningD. get burnt18 ( ) 1 The apple_very swee

43、t.A. is tastedB. tasteC. tastesD. are tasting( ) 2You_ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.A. seeB. watchC. lookD. look at( ) 3What you said _ like a good idea.A. heardB. listenedC. soundD. sounded19 ( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play?-Wonderful. It is worth_ a second time.A. watchingB. watc

44、hedC. seen D. seeing( ) 2How dirty the tables are! They need_.12A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned( ) 3 The book is worth _.A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read（一）参考答案15CBABA 610CBDCB 1115AABDA 1620CCBAB 2125CBBCB 2630DBBBD（二）参考答案：1.1-5BDDDC2.1-5BCBBC3.1-3ABB4.1-3ABA5.1-3BDB6.1-3BAD7.1-3ABA

45、8.1-5DBBCD9.1-4BADD10.1-3BBA11.1-3BAC12.1-3DDB13.1-3BAA14.1-4BCB15.1-4BDAC16.1-3ABC17.1-3BCD18.1-3CCD19.1-3ACB-13初中英语语法专项习题14- 被动语态( ) 1 The People's Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is s

46、peaking D. is spoken ( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sangC. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2( ) 1

47、 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. _.A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold ( ) 3 A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be buildin

48、g ( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 6 His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishingC. is being published D. has been publish

49、ed3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking ( ) 2 These papers_yet.A. have not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written( ) 3 The sports meet _ be held until next week.A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D

50、. doesn't4( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?( ) 2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 3 _ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do5( ) 1 Why _

51、 to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held14C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held( ) 2 Who was the book_?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 3 Where _ these boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. am6( ) 1 The flowers_often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water ( ) 2 The books may_ for two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended 7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown