外研版八年级下册语法讲解和练习

1、模块一语法表示感觉和知觉的系动词1 表示感觉和知觉的系动词也可称为感官动词， 主要有 look （ 看起来 ）, smell （ 闻起来 ）, sound （ 听起来 ）, taste（ 尝起来 ）, feel （ 感觉 /摸起来 ） 。2感官动词属于连系动词，后接形容词作表语，构成系表结构，说明主语所处的状态。例如：He looks tired.他看起来累了。These flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来香Her voice sounds beautiful.她的声音听起来优美。The cake tastes delicious.蛋糕尝起来美味。I felt guilty.

2、我感到内疚。3 感官动词后可接介词like, like后可接名词或v.ing形式。例如：That boat looks like a duck.那条船看起来像一只鸭子。It smells like being burnt. 它闻起来像烧焦了一样4 含有感官动词的句子，其否定句和一般疑问句要借助助动词完成。例如：他看起来并不忧愁。他看起来忧愁吗？He looks worried. 他看起来忧愁。fHe doesn't look worriedfDoes he look worried?I .单项选择()1. The cake delicious. I can't wait to

3、eat it. A feels B sounds C becomesD smells() of this kind A tastes good B tastes wellC taste good D taste well()3.2015 ? 潍坊 The new sweater I bought for my grandma soft. She likes it very much.A looks B smells C tastes D feels()4. Oh, I'm hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate? No. I

4、t tastes A. terribly B. terrible C. good D. well()5. The cake looks . Yes, and it tastes even .A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best()6.2015 ? 镇江 ThreeD printing technology could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours. It amazing. It's my first time to get to know

5、the news A looks B smellsC soundsD tastes(), itso nice. What beautiful music it is! A smells B sounds C tastes D looks()8. Dinner is ready. Help yourself! Wow! It delicious. You are really good at cooking.A looks B sounds C tastes D feels()9. Let's go on a picnic this weekend, OK? That soundsA g

6、reat B well C hardly D terribly() like to read English in the garden because the flowers in it smell .A good B well C bad D badly()11. Do you like swimming in winter? Of course. The water a bit cold at first, but then I am warm and full of energy.A tastes B feelsC smells D looks() is making dinner.

7、It so nice!A smells B tastes C feels D sounds() medicine for health bitter to the mouth. A feel B tastes C feels D taste() of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice.A. feels B . smeels C . looks D . tastes()15. Do you know the song Gangnam Style?-Of course. It interesting.A.

8、tastes B . smellsC. sounds D . feelsn.根据汉语意思完成句子1 .我的毛衣摸起来柔软。2 .聚会听起来太吵了。3 .你妈妈看上去很年轻。My sweaterThe partyYour mother4 .汤尝起来咸了。5 .它闻起来新鲜吗？6 .他看上去像一位专家。7 .这食物尝起来怎样？8 .这个主意听起来有趣吗?The soupit _ He an expert.the food the ideaFeels softSounds noisyLooks young.Tastes salty? Does smell freshLooks like? How d

9、oes taste interesting?Does sound9 .你叔叔长什么样？ your uncle? What does look like10 .他当众讲话对并不紧张。He. when he speaks in public. Doesn t look nervousm.用所给词的适当形式填空1. The cloud(look) like a horse.looks2. The coat (feel) very soft. So she bought it at once.felt3. The weather (get) warmer and warmer these days.I

10、s getting4. The man(seem) to be very angry.seems5. That idea(sound) very great. Sounds6. The baby panda looks very(love).lovely7. Don't eat the fish. It smells(badly). bad8. The background music sounds(noise). Please turn it down.noisy9. 一 What do you think of the milk? Oh, it( taste ) good.tast

11、es10. I felt(relax) lying in the sun. What a good time!Relaxed模块二语法现在完成时（一）现在完成时用来表示在以前某个时间或某段时间已经发生的行为或曾经做过的事情对目前有某种影响；还可以表示到目前为止已经完成的事情。现在完成时态的基本句型结构是：“have/has+动词的过去分词”。其用法主要有1 .当句子的主语是 第三人称单数时，要用“ has+动词的过去分词”。例如：He has finished his homework.他已经做完作业了。2 .动词的过去分词变化形式主要有以下几种：大部分动词的过去分词和过去式相同，但也有许多不

12、规则变化，需要 特另1J 记 忆 。 例如： seesawseen, bewas/were been, come came come, go wentgone,take took taken 等。3.现在完成时的否定形式为 动词过去分词不变化。例如：I have seen this film.I haven't seen this film.havent/hasn ' t+动词的过去分词，其一般疑问句形式是把 have/has提到句首,-Have you seen this film? Yes, I have./No, I haven't.He has been to

13、Beijing.He hasn't been to Beijing. Has he been to Beijing Yes, he has./No, he hasn't.I .单项填空我已经看过这部电影了。我没看过这部电影。你看过这部电影吗？是的，我看过。/不，我没看过。他去过北京。他没去过北京。他去过北京吗？是的，他去过。/不，他没去过。()1.2014 ? 赤峰The storybook is very interesting. I agree with you. I it twicealready.A. read B . will read C . am readingD

14、. have read()2. Hasn't Betty come yet? No, and I for her for nearly two hours.A. wait B . waited C. have waited D . had waited( )3. Do you want to see the film 3D Titanic? The film 3D Titanic? I it. It's reallywonderful. A. seeB. have seen C . was seeingD. has seen( )4. Have you ever been to

15、 Beijing?. I went there last year.A. Yes, I didB. Yes, I have C. No, I havent D . No, never()5. Where is your father? He Dalian.A. have gone to B. has gone to C. have been to D. has been to()6.2014 ? 广州Miss Brown, we cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now?A. finish B . finishing C . are finished

16、D. have finishedn.用所给词的适当形式填空1. Mum, can I watch TV now? I(finish) my homework.Have finished2. The boys(not read) the interesting books yet. Their mother will buy some for them. Haven' t read3. 一 you(hear) from your pen pal recently?Have heard Yes, I have. I(get) a letter from him yesterday.got4

17、. 一 you ever(eat) the pizza?No, I haven't.Have eaten5. 一 you(call) your mum yet?Yes, I. Have called hasI called (call) her last night.6. Has Jack visited （visit） his grandparents?Not yet.7. 一 Have your parents ever _ been （be） abroad? Yes, just once.8. Who has seen （see） the film before?m .按要求完成

18、下列各题1. My parents have gone to England .（对画线部分提问）Where have your parents gone?2. 一 Would you like some more food? No, thanks. I have had enough.（ 完成句子）3. Daming has climbed Mount Tai before.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） Has_ Daming climbed _Mount Tai before?No_, he hasn' t .4. He has waited for her for_2 hour

19、s .（对画线部分提问）How long has he waited for her?5. Jane came to China two years ago.（ 改为同义句 ）Jane has been in China for two years.模块三语法现在完成时(二)1 .现在完成时态还可以用来表示“刚刚做完某事；已经做完某事”等，此时经常用just, already 和yet来表示，其中，just 表示"刚刚”；already 表示"已经"，一般置于have/has之后；just和already都用于肯 定句中，在否定句和疑问句中则可用yet,表示“还未

20、”。例如：I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航员已经去过月球了。I haven't been to Beijing yet.我还没有去过北京。注意：just, already 和yet在句中的位置：I have just heard from my son.我刚刚收到儿子的来信。I've already bought the book.我已经买了这本书。He hasn't cleaned the house yet.他还没有打扫屋子。2 .在现在完成

21、时态中，要注意 have been to和have gone to的区别，前者表示“ 去过某地”,但现在已经回来 了；后者表示“去了某地”,现在还没回来。例如：The spacecraft has gone into space. It won't return.宇宙飞船已经进入太空，不会回来了。I have been to Mount Tai twice.我去过泰山两次了。I .单项填空()1.2014 ?北京He in this factory for 20 years already.A. will work B . worksC. has worked D . is worki

22、ng()2.2015 ?铜仁Where is your mother? She Guiyang.A. has gone to B . has been to C . has been in D . went to答案A 句意：“你的母亲在哪里？”“她去贵阳了。”表示“去某地没回来"用have gone to ;表示“去某地已经回来“用have been to 。根据问句可知“妈妈”现在不在说话的地方，即去某地还没有回来。故选A。答案A 句意：“你的母亲在哪里？”“她去贵阳了。”表示“去某地没回来"用have gone to ;表示“去某地已经回来"用have be

23、en to 。根据问句可知“妈妈”现在不在说话的地方，即去某地还没有回来。故选A。()3. Dave, we will leave in 10 minutes. Are you ready? No, Iyet.A. don't pack B . didn't pack C . have packed ()cousin Sydney for half a year.A. has been to B. has gone to C. has come to ()5. Aunt Wangis not here now. She hasA. got B. come C. been D.

24、goneour guidebook and towelsD. haven't packedD. has been in to Shanghai and will stay there for several months.()6. Have you finished your work ?Yes, I've finished it.A. already; yet B. yet; already C . yet; yet D . already; already()7.2015 ?常德I only started taking French classes last week a

25、nd I 50 French wordsalready.A. learned B . learnC. have learned()mother the dinner already.1 .我刚到这儿，还不认识几个人。yet .2 .我还没有问他。I3 .迈克刚刚做完了作业。4 .她现在不在这里，她去广州了。5 .我的弟弟已经看过这部电影了。6 .“你曾经去过巴黎吗？”people-Have you ever been to Paris?Yes, I have been there twice.A. cooking B . cookedC. has cooked D . cook（）9.2014

26、 ?黔东南you ever to Xijiang?Yes, I there last year.A. Have; gone; went B . Have; been; have beenC. Have; been; went D . Have; gone; have gone（）10. Why is Mr Yang still in the teachers' office? Maybe he his work yet.A. doesn't finishB. hasn't finished C . haven't finished D . don't f

27、inishedn .用 already, just, yet, never 或 ever 填空1. Has Li Ming received the invitation _ yet ?No, he hasn't got ityet_ . But I know Mr Zhao hasalready got it.2. 一 Have you read any books on Mars? No, I have never read a single word about Mars.3. Have people been to Mars? No, we have never been th

28、ere.4. The astronaut has just gone back to the earth.5. The spaceship hasn't sent any information back to us m .根据汉语意思完成句子I have just arrived/got here and I haven't known several haven' t asked him yet .Mikehas just done/finished his homeworkShe isn't here now. She has gone to Guangz

29、hou.My brother has seen the movie already .“是的，我去过那儿两次。”7.这本书我可以借多久?How long can I keep the book?8 .虽然这本书他已经读了三遍了，但是他希望再读一遍。Though he_ has read the book three times, he hopes to read it a fourth time.9 .“你想念你的哥哥吗？”“是的，非常想念，我3个月没有收到他的来信了。” Do you miss - your brother? Yes, very much. Ihaven' t hea

30、rd from him for three months.10 . 2015?佛山至今，145个国家参加了 2015意大利米兰世博会。So far, 145 countries have taken part in the 2015 World Expo in Milan, Italy.W .按要求完成下列各题1. I have already finished my homework.（改为否定句 ）I haven ' t finished my homework _ yet .2. He has read the book Who Moved My Cheese.（改为一般疑问句并

31、作肯定回答）一Has he read the book Who Moved My Cheese? Yes, hehas .3. She wrote a letter to her cousin.（用 just 改为现在完成时态）She has just written a letter to her cousin.4. Tony isn't at home. He went to Hong Kong.（合并为一句 ）Tony has gone to Hong Kong.5. I came here two days ago.（ 改为同义句 ）I _ have been here for

32、 two days.6. Lucy has been to Beijing several times. （ 对画线部分提问）How many times has Lucy been to Beijing?模块四语法现在完成时态（ 三 ）1 如果要表达某一行为或状态从过去某时间一直持续到现在，则要用现在完成时态。这时，句子通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用， 这类状语通常由 for 或 since 来引导。 需要注意的是， for _后面接一段时间，而 since后面接时间点或过去时态的句子，即 for _ 用来说明动作延续的时间长度， since 用来说明动作的起始时间。例如：I have

33、lived in Hebei for ten years.我在河北已经住了十年。He has been in this school since 2000. 自从 2000 年起，他就在这所学校了。My sister has learnt English since she was four.我姐姐从 4 岁起就开始学英语。2如果要对现在完成时态句子中的时间状语进行提问，通常要用 how long 。例如： How long have you studied English?你学英语学了多长时间了？ For four years. 四年了。 How long has he taught her

34、e?他在这儿教书多长时间了？ Since five years ago. 自从五年前。3 在现在完成时态的句子中，短暂性动词一般不能与时间段连用，但在 否定句 中，则一般可以和表示一段时间的 for 短语连用。例如：I have stayed in the hotel for a week.我已经在这家宾馆待了一周了。My parents haven't seen me for two years.我父母有两年没见我了。He hasn't come to school for a week.他一周没来上学了。 注意 短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但如果要保留表示一

35、段时间的时间状语，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词如下fall asleepfbe asleepjoin -be in/be a member of(2)begin/startfbe on(8)finish/end fbe over(3)buy - have(9)leave f be away(4)die -be dead(10)borrow fkeep(5)come - be in(11)begin to study f study(6)arrive fbe here(12)come back fbe back4 .现在完成时态还经常用于"It

36、9;s the first/second - time that”结构中。例如：It's the first time that I have visited here.这是我第一次参观这里。It will be the third time that you have seen the film with me.这将是你第三次和我一起看电影。I .单项填空()1. Look at these stamps. I them for five years. Wow, they are wonderful.A keptB have kept C have bought D bought()

37、2.2015 ? 昆明 Long time no see! Oh! Itfive years since we met last time.A was B were C has been D have been 解析 C 考查现在完成时。句意： “很长时间没见了！ ” “自从上次我们见面五年了。 ” since 是现在完成时的标志词，前面主语是it ，故用 has been ，选 C() foreign teacher Mr Greenus English since three years ago.A has taught B is teaching C taught D teaches()

38、4. We've lived here 1980. So you've lived here more than 30 years.A since; for B for; since C for; for D in; since 解析 A 1980 是一个时间点，所以用 since; more than 30 years 是一个时间段，要用 for 。故选A。()5.2014 ?安徽Rick has learned a lotabout Chinese culture he came to China.A. before B . when C . untilD. since解析

39、D 考查连词的用法。句意： Rick已经学了许多中国文化 他来到中国。before意为"在之前“；when意为“当的时候"；until意为"直到"；since意为"自从"。since引导过去时态的时间状语从句时，其主句用现在完成时。故选D。()6. have you learned Chinese?For 3 years.A. How often B . How muchC. How long D . How soon解析C 由答语“ For 3 years. ”可知，上句是问“多长时间”，故选G()Green from his ho

40、me town for 3 years.A. has been away B . has gone C . has left D . has come解析A句中“for 3 years ”是一个时间段，因此要与延续性动词连用，故选A。()? 乌鲁木齐 Mr Brown his home town since he the army.A. has left; joined B.has been away from; has joined C.has been away from; joined D left;joinedsince引导的状语从句的谓语是非延续性 leave是非延续性动词，不能和一

41、段时间连用。Co.has married解析C 考查动词的时态以及延续性动词与非延续性动词的辨析。 动词的过去时，主句的谓语动词应用延续性动词的现在完成时。be away from 是延续性动词，可以和一段时间连用。所以选择答案()for ten years.A. has been married B . married C . got married D()10. How long has Robert ? Since 2004.D. studied in this schoolA. been to Beijing B . become a policeman C . joined the

42、art club n .用for和since填空1. She has worked here 2014.Since2. We have known each other six years.For3. He has learnt about 1, 000 English words he went to college.since4. I have known him two years ago.since5. She has been away about four years.for6. He has been a league member two years. For7. I have

43、 studied English 2009. since8. Mr Brown has been in Shanghai about two weeks.For9. It's three years the old man died.since10. The film has been on about ten minutes when we arrieved at the cinema.Form .根据汉语意思完成句子1 .他已经等他朋友两个小时了。He has waited for his friend for two hours.2 .他已经好多年不看书了。He hasn'

44、; t read books for years.3,她毕业后就一直在从事护士工作。She has worked _ as a nurse since her graduation.4 .你父母结婚多长时间了？How long have your parents been married?5 .他买这辆红色小汽车两年了。He has had the red car for two years.模块五语法动词时态的区分到目前为止，我们已学过用多种时态来描述行为或状态。本模块重点复习一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。下面我们以一种行为或状态为例，来区分一下这几种时态：一、一般现在时一般现在时通常

45、用动词原形 表示，但第三人称单数后面的谓语动词要加s或es, be和have有特殊的人称形式(am, is, are; has) 。1 .表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。例如：I often go to school on foot.我经常步行去上学。2 .表示客观事实、普遍真理或科学道理。例如：The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。3 .用于含有时间的条件状语从句中，表示将来的动作或状态。例如：If it rains/is rainy tomorrow, we won't go to the cinema.如果明天下雨，我们就不去看电影

46、了。4 . 标志词： always , often , usually , sometimes , every day, once a week 等。二、一般过去时一般过去时用规则或不规则动词的过去式表示；be动词第一、三人称单数用 _烟，其余人称用 were;动词have一律用had。1 .表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：She was born in 1999. 她出生于 1999 年。2 .表示过去经常、习惯或反复发生的动作。例如：When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me.她在上海时，经常来看我。3 . 标志词：jus

47、t now , ago, yesterday , in the past, last week, the other day等。三、现在完成时现在完成时由"have/has +动词的过去分词”构成。1 .表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。例如：I have got a letter from my aunt.我已经收到了我姑姑的一封来信。2 .表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。例如：I have studied English for two years.我已经学习两年英语了。3 . 标志词： already, yet, just, never, ever, s

48、o far,“for + 时间段","since +时间点” 等。I .单项填空()1. -Do you know the boy over there? Sure. I him for years.A. knew B . will knowC. have known D . known()2.2014 ?南京When will Uncle Sam come to see us?He'll visit us this weekend. He me that by email.A. told B . is told C . will tell D . was goin

49、g to tell解析A考查动词的时态。句意：“萨姆叔叔什么时候来看我们？”“他将在这个周末来看我们，通过电子邮件他告诉了我。”由语境可知用一般过去时态。故选Ao()3. Where is your father?He Australia and he Sydney for two weeks.A. has been to; has been in B. has gone to; will stay inC. has been in; has been to D . has gone to; has stayed to()4. -Are you a soccer player in your

50、school? Yes, I the team two years ago and I in the team for two years.A. have joined; have been B . was joined; am C . joined; wasD. joined; have been解析D考查动词的时态。"two years ago”是一般过去时的标志词，故第一空用一般过去时；"for two years”是现在完成时的标志词，故第二空用现在完成时。()5.2015 ? 潍坊Next month we're going somewhere inter

51、esting as soon as the holiday.A. will begin B . has begunC. begins D . is beginning解析C考查动词的时态。as soon as表示“一就”，引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现"原则，主句用的是将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时，故选C。()grandmother in Yangzhou. She was born there and has never lived anywhere else.A. livedB. lives C . was living D . will live()k

52、now a little about Thailand, as I there three years ago.A. have been B . have gone C . will go D. went解析D"three years ago"是一般过去时的标志词。故选D。()knows that the sun in the east.A. rised B . rises C . raised D . raises()9. Mike, why are you watching TV again?- I my homework.A. finish B . finished

53、C . have finished D . had finished()foodball every weekend when he was young.A. plays B . played C . is playing D . has played()knows that the sun in the east.A. rised B. rises C. raised D . raises()9. Mike, why are you watching TV again?- I my homework.A. finish B . finishedC. have finished D . had

54、 finished()foodball every weekend when he was young.A. plays B. played C . is playing D . has playedn.用所给词的适当形式填空1. Do you know the Englishman?- Yes. I have known (know)him for two years.2. Her grandpa died (die) when she was 20.3. 2015 ?潍坊He hasn ' t come (not come) yet. What do you think has h

55、appened to him?4. - How many schools hasProject Hope built (build) since 1989?Sorry, I don't know.5. So far I _ have been (be) to many places in China.模块六语法简单句的基本句型英语是一种结构型语言，以谓语动词为核心构成句型。一、常见的六种基本句型：1 主语系动词表语 （ 状语 ） 此句型中，系动词除了 be 动词外，常见的还有look（ 看起来 ）, sound（ 听起来 ）, taste（ 尝起来 ）, feel（ 感觉；摸起来 ）,

56、 smell（ 闻起来 ）, become （变得 ）, turn（ 变得 ）, get（ 变得 ）等，系动词后接形容词或名词作表语。例如：Your watch looks very nice.你的手表看起来很漂亮。The days get shorter and shorter. 白天变得越来越短了。In spring, the trees turn green.春天，树变绿了。2主语谓语 （不及物动词） 状语 （副词、名词、介词短语等） 此句型中的动词后不可以直接接宾语，这种动词称为不及物动词。例如：His father cooks every day. 他父亲每天做饭。The children are listening quietly.孩子们在静静地听着。He ran fast in the st