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1、否定前置所谓 “宾语从句的否定前置 ”,是指如果 带有否定的宾语从句,宾语从句中的否定 词通常提前,用来否定主句的谓语动词。一、当主句谓语动词是 think,believe,feel,guess,expect,suppo se,imagine 等表示 “ 观点、信念、推测、 臆测”等心理活动时,常常使用这种结 构。I don't think I know you. 我想我并不 认识你。I don't think he has visited the island.I don't expect it will rain tomorrow.He doesnt think h
2、is neighbor will help him if he is in trouble.二、这种结构的反意疑问句主语和谓语动 词必须与宾语从句中的主语和谓语动词保 持一致。I don't think he is a good swimmer,is he?否定前移时的反义句是高考的考点。当主 语为第一人称 I, we 时,通常反问的是从 句;而当主语不是第一人称时,则反问主 句。如:I dont think Jim will pass theexam, will he?Tom doesn't believe that hisparents will be in support
3、 of his plan, does he?三、在下列情况下不使用否定前置:1)若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定 词不能转移 .I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2)主句的谓语动词用于一般现在时以外的 事态.I thought she didn't finish her homework.3)主句的谓语前有 do,does,did 表示强调 时。We do think our team won't fail inthe game.4)宾语从 no,nothing,no one,nobody,none,hardly,seldom.ne
4、ver,f ew,little 等半否定词时。I think it's never too late tostudy.I believe he is seldom late for school.I think Tom will never pass the exam because he doesnt work hard.部分否定用法含有如 all, everybody, everything, always, both 等用于否定句时,是部分否 定,翻译成 “ 不全是,不总是,并不是所 有的都 ”等。如:Not all the teachers are in favor of (
5、支持、赞成) this new book.=All the teachers are not in favor of this new book.隐性否定词用法 指的是形式上看不到否定词,但含有 一些特殊的词和词组来表示否定的意义。 这种否定意义的用法隐藏在句子的深层含 义中。含有否定意义的词汇和结构有: 1. 名词: absence( 不在 , 缺席 (+from) 2. 缺少,缺乏(+of) ), failure, lack(缺少,不足) , refusal (拒绝) , ignorance (无知,愚昧) , negation (否 定) , shortage (缺少,不足)等。 2形容
6、词及形容词短语: few, little, absent from, short of, far from, free from (没有,免于,不受 的影响),free of(免除 .; 无 . ,没有)等。3. 副词: never, seldom, rarely (很少 , 难得) , hardly (几乎不 , 简直不) , scarcely (几乎不 , 几乎没有,绝不)等。4. 介词: against (反对 ;违反) , beyond (除.之外), but (除.以外) except, without,in stead of, but for(除以外,倘没有,除非)等。5. 动词和
7、动词短语: fail, miss, stop/keep/ prevent from 等。6. 固定结构:too to, anything but(根本不),would rather than (宁愿), by no means (决不,一点也不) , in no way (决不),under no condition (任何 情况下都不,决不) 等。否定词前置用法 否定意义的词放句首,引起部分倒装。如:Hardly/Scarcely had we arrived,when it began to rain.Not until yesterday did littleJohn change hi
8、s mind.By no means will this process(过程 ,进程) be satisfactory.自我检测(高考真题演练)1. Not until he left his home to know how important the family was for him.( 10江西)A. did he begin B. had he begun C.he began D. he has began2.- How was the televised(电视播送)debate last night?-Super! Rarely _ so much media attenti
9、on. ( 07上海)A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate否定代词的用法一直是历年高考的热点, 掌握它们指代的侧重点和范围尤为重要。 如 neither 表示对两者的否定,可以与介 词 of 连用; none 表示三者或三者以上没 有一个,通常用 how many/how much 提问 , 一般有范围,可以构成 none of; nothing 表示什么都没有,指物,用 what 提问; nobody 和 no one 表示没有人,用 who 提问。如:She has taken a lot of medicines, but none (of them) has cured her disease.Tom is going abroad for study, but neither of his parents are in favor of his plan.-Who are you speaking to?-No one./Nobody.温馨提示 Neither/nor+ 助动词 +名词 / 代词, 表示后
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