汉语句式3的英译

1、汉语以此喻彼或以彼喻此的句式：“甲像乙（一样）“；“甲如同乙（一样）；甲好像乙（似的）”；“正如（正像）一样（那样）”；“正如/好像”英语对应句式：第一式：本体（主语）+like+喻体（名词/名词性词组） 本体（主语）+as+喻体（名词/名词性词组/从句） 本体（主语）+be likened to+喻体（名词/名词性词）例如：1、艰苦的工作就像担子，摆在我们面前，看我们敢不敢承担。 Hard work is like (or, can be likened to) a load placed before us, challenging us to shoulder it . 2、这种草药，正

2、如当地老百姓对我说的那样，果然能治感冒。This herbal medicine, as I was told by the local people, turned out to be very effective in curing a cold. 3、这就像一句老话讲的那样，“收人礼物，授人以柄”。This is somewhat like what is implied in the old saying, “He that takes is bound.”第二式：It is in/with+本体+as+in/with+喻体 例如：1、时间就像流水一样，一去不复返。 It is wit

3、h time as with the current of water: Once it goes, it never comes back.2、学如逆水行舟，不进则退。 It is in studying as in sailing against the current-forge ahead or be driven back.第三式：用词组连接词“as if / as though”造句；此式常出现如下的搭配： 1、as if / as though+that-clause 例如： A.在我看来，你好像有什么心事。 It seems to me as if youve got some

4、thing on your mind.B.他从清晨一直工作到深夜，仿佛是台机器，不知道疲劳似的。He works from very early in the morning until very late in the night every day as if he were a machine without any idea of fatigue.C.不要总认为只有自己才行，别人什么都不行，好像世界上没有自己，地球就不转了。 Dont think you alone can do everything while others can do nothing; as if the ear

5、th would stop turning without you. D.他走路的样子就好像喝醉了酒似的。 He walked as if he were drunk.2、as if / as though+prep.phrase ，例如： A.他坐在那里一声不吭，好像陷入了沉思。He sat there silent as if deep in thinking. B.梦里，他觉得自己一步就跃到了山顶，好像插上了翅膀似的。 In the dream he felt he reached the summit of the mountain with only one jump as if o

6、n wings . 3、as if / as though+inf.phrase ， 例如：A.他把手举起来，好像要打我似的。He raised his hand as if to beat me .B.他今天把胡子刮得干干净净，换了一身新衣服，好像要去参加什么聚会似的。Clean shaven and in brand new dress today, he behaved as if to join in a party.4、as if / as though+v-ing/v-ed phrase ， 例如： A.那个小男孩突然放声大哭起来，好像被人打了似的。 The little boy

7、burst out crying as if beaten by somebody. B.把手握起来，但是不抓紧，样子像抓，还是抓不住东西。 When the hand is clenched as if grasping something, but it is not clenched tightly, there is still no grasp. 5、as if / as though+adv. / n. ，例如： A.有过多少往事，仿佛就在昨天。 Therere so many things past as if yesterday.B.有过多少朋友，仿佛就在身边。Therere

8、so many friends weve made as if still near and about.注：as if / as though 在现代英语的用法中已无区别，后面接直陈语气和虚拟语气均可。常与it seems or it looks 连用。此外，“好像”在英语中还有对应的插入语“as it were ”、“so to speak ”可用来表达。例如：A.听到这一消息，每个人都好像遭五雷轰顶。Everyone was thunderstruck, so to speak, on hearing the news.B.一位真正的朋友就好像一面铮亮的镜子，能反映他的真诚。A true

9、 friend is, as it were, a polished mirror which reflects his sincerity. 第四式：用“ the way”+从句这种句式造句，例如：1、 情况的发展正如我们所预料的那样。Things developed just the way we had thought they would.2、 大气附着于地球表面就像万物附着于地球表面一样。The atmosphere clings to the earth just the way everything else does.3、 这个五岁的小男孩说起话来就跟大人似的。The litt

10、le boy of 5 speaks the way grown-ups do.4、 她的教龄还不到三年，可她上起课就跟个老教师一样。She has taught less than 3 years but she conducts her class the way the teachers with so many years of classroom teaching experience do. 第五式：用“so/asas”或“as much as”造句；例如：1、 他们喜爱儿子，也同样喜爱女儿。They love their son as much as their daughter

11、.2、 广大的人民群众从来也没有像现在这样精神振奋、斗志昂扬、意气风发。Never before have the masses of the people been so inspired, so militant, so daring as at present.3、 正像行星围绕太阳旋转一样，电子也围绕原子核旋转。Electrons revolve round the nucleus of an atom just as the planets revolve round the sun. 此式的变体是“介词+the same as ”或“ suchas”请看下面的示例：1、他像他的导师

12、一样小心翼翼地做这项试验。He did the experiment with the same care as his supervisor did (it).2、磁场可采用和电场同样的办法表示出来。A magnetic field may be represented as an electric field.3、生活中像他这样的人越来越少。Such men as he have become rarer in real life.4、我们祝愿像他这样的好人一生平安。We wish that auspiciousness be always with such nice people as

13、 he through their journey of life.第六式：用“喻体+of+本体”这种英语的修辞格造句；例如： 1、那平展如镜的湖面让人感到多么惬意啊。 What a pleasant effect that mirror of a lake has upon the mind! 2、和她那位粗暴如虎的父亲还有什么可谈的呢？ There is no talking it over with her tiger of a father. 3、突然，我们被像打雷一般的吼声惊醒了。 All of a sudden, we were aroused by a thunder of a

14、growl. 请注意揣摩下列词组： the devil of a toothache ；牙疼得要命 a hell of a long way off ：远在天涯 a flight of fancy ：想入非非 a shadow of a smile ：一丝笑意 a mountain of a wave ：滔天巨浪 a palace of a house ：一幢宫殿式的房屋 a forest of white sails ：白帆林立 a sea of red flags ：红旗如海 an oyster of a man ：沉默寡言（的人） a slip of a girl ：一个瘦削的女孩 th

15、at idiot of a friend of yours ：你那位像白痴一样的朋友 the old villain of a landlord ：那个老恶霸地主 a vast , somber cavern of a room ：一间阴森森、黑洞洞的大房间 第七式：可用“A is to B what C is to D”的结构来表达（或对应翻译）“甲和乙的关系（甲对乙的作用）就如同丙和丁的关系（丙对丁的作用）一样”、“甲之于乙，犹丙之于丁”这类框架；例如： 1、教育之于心灵，犹如园艺之于一片荒地。 Education is to a human soul what gardening is

16、to a piece of ground. 2、阅读之于心智，犹如食物之于在血管中流通的血液. 注：这句话若按“阅读对人的心智所起的作用就如同食物对在血管里流动的血液所起的作用一样”解，则如下译： The food is to the blood, which circulates through your veins, what reading is to your mind, 3、五与七之比等于十与十四之比。 Five is to seven what ten is to fourteen. 注：A is to B What C is D的变体或称替换式是： As C is to D, s

17、o A is to B What C is to D, that is A to B 4、神之于质，犹利之于刃；形之于用，犹刃之于利。利之名非刃也，刃之名非利也。然而舍利无刃，舍刃无利。未闻刃没而利存，岂容形亡而神在？（范缜） What the sharpness is to the edge of a knife, that the soul is to its material substance; and the body is to its functioning what the sharpness is to the edge of a knife. What we call sh

18、arpness is not the same as the edge, and what we call the edge is not the same as the sharpness. Nevertheless, there could be no edge if its sharpness is inexistent, nor sharpness surviving while the edge destroyed. If it is impossible for a destroyed edge to be still sharp, how can it be admitted t

19、hat the soul could remain when the body is annihilated. 第八式：用“As A is to B , so is X Y”造句，表达类比意念的“如果那么”。请推敲下面的译例： 1、如果说桂林是广西的旅游中心城市，那么杭州就是浙江的旅游中心城市。 As Guilin is the tourism center of Guangxi, so is Hangzhou the tourism center of Zhejiang. 2、若沙漠为海，则骆驼为舟矣。 As the desert is like a sea , so is the came

20、l like a ship . 注：表示类比的“如果那么”亦可用“if (then)”句式翻译；请比较： If the desert is like a sea , then the camel is like a ship .第九式：在现代英语中，还可用“in”表达“像”的意思；例如： 我们失去了像甄教授这样的一流的英语教授。 Weve lost a first-rate English professor in Professor Zhen. 第十式：用“no morethan”或“notany more than”的结构造句，表达两种情况或两件事物在程度上的一致；例如： 1、不天天坚持练

21、习就说不好英语，就如同不下水就学不会游泳一样。 One cannot speak perfect English without daily practice any more than one can learn how to swim without jumping into water. 2、人之不能抒其襟怀，犹如鸟儿之不能啭其歌喉。 Man cannot help craving for expressions any more than birds can help chirping. 表示两者之间“程度”上的一致还可用“as much as”、“ as much”造句，例如： 1、

22、他不喜欢打篮球，我也不喜欢打篮球。（含：“我俩都同样地不喜欢打篮球”之意。） I dont like mountain climbing as much as he does .试比较： Im no more fond of mountain climbing than he is. 或，I am not fond of mountain climbing any more than he is . 2、我是家里最小的，我很爱爷爷，爷爷也同样地疼爱我。 As the youngest of the family, I love my grandfather dearly and I know

23、he loves me as much.第十一式：用as作关系代词，指代主句的内容，表示“正如一样”的意念，例如： As is shown in Fig.X ：如图X所示； As has been/As is said/mentioned/described/stated/above or before ：如上（如前）所述； As has been/As is pointed out by/in , or , As has it ：正如所指出的那样； As we all can /As we shall see ：正如我们所看到的那样； As often happens / As( is) o

24、ften the case ：正如常见的那样； As is well known ：众所周知； etc. 对这种as-结构的掌握，并无太大困难，可以触类旁通，举一反三，按表达意思所需，信手拈来，临时构造。但要注意一点，as作为关系代词，已指代了主句的内容。请看下面的示例：1、 众所周知，广西自然景观资源丰富，开发旅游业是广西的经济增长点。As is well known, it is an important area of economic growth for Guangxi to develop its tourist industry for Guangxi is very rich

25、in its natural wonders.2、 正如外校专家指出的那样，你的博士论文还大有可改进之处。As is pointed out by the expert working with the other university, there is still much room in your doctoral dissertation for further improvement.3、 情况往往如此：文凭反映不了实际能力，两者之间不一定成正比。As is often the real situation, a diploma does not demonstrate the ho

26、lders real ability, and one might not be in direct proportion to the other. 第十二式：用“as it were”和“so to speak”造句，表达“如/像似的”，例如：1、 看书学习就好像是在给大脑补充营养。Reading, as it were, supplies nutrition to the brain.2、 一个真正的朋友就像一本教科书，从他那里你可学到许多有益的东西。A true fiend is, as it were, a textbook from which you can learn a lot what are helpful.3、我若死掉祖父，就死掉我一生最重要的一个人，好像他死了就把人间一切“爱”和“温暖”带得空空虚虚。