比较级及比较句型讲义

1、实用文档比较级及比较句型一.基本特征1.形容词和副词比较级的形式应和比较连词对应出现，即应符合原级比较及比 较级的结构。如：-Do you enjoy listening to records?-I find records are often as good asor better than an actual performance.2 .比较的成分应属于同类事物或同类概念。如:Young readers, more often than not, findthe novels of Dickensfar more exciting than Thackeray' s.-Thack

2、eray s novels3 .比较级的修饰语如 a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much, rathe 於有 表示倍数比较的词等，他们的位置是：修饰语+asas，或修饰语 +more - than -b 如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.“ Doyou regret paying five hundred dollars f

3、or the painting? No,I would gladly have paid twice as muchfor it. ”4 .下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念：inferior, minor, senior, prior, prefer to, superior, major, junior, preferable, differ from, compared with, in comparison with, different from, rather than0 如：Their watch is superior to all the other watches o

4、n the market.二.基本用法1 .同级比较A.基本形式“as原级+as”结构eg. He ' s as tall as I.B.否定的同级比较常用 not asas not so as文案大全实用文档eg. He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.C.变体1) as + much/many + 名词 + asThere are as many students in Class 3 as in Class 4.2) as +W原级 + a +名词+asHe is as clever a boy as his brother.3)

5、 as +形+不可数名词+ as4)名词复数+as + 形+ asI used to have some dolls as lovely as yours.5) the same as/ be similar to2) 比较级A.基本结构 比较级+than ”结构He is taller than I (am tall).She sees me more often than she sees her brother.B.变体1)形比较级+名+ thanHe is a cleverer boy than his brother.2)名+形比较级+ thanHe is a boy clevere

6、r than his brother.3) the + 形比较级 + of + the two4) superior/ inferior to3.最高级A.常用“the最高级+比较范围”eg. This is the best picture in the hall.He sings the best in the class.B.变体1) more than any other文案大全实用文档2) Not+比较等级三.值得注意的比较级句型1.比较级的特殊用法1) the+比较级，the+比较级此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为越就越”，如:The better I knew him,

7、the more I liked him.The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I ' ll be able to answer them.该结构一共有三条规则：1) . the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格2) . the more 后面的谓语如果是 be动词的话、可以省略3) .第二个 the more 后面可以使用倒装，而第一个后面却不行the more, the more其实是原因状语从句，前面是原因(从句)，后面是结果(主 句)，倒装句中必须是主句倒装，从句绝对不能够倒装。例 1: The st

8、ronger _ magnet, the greater the number of lines of magnetic force.(A) of (B) the (C) is the (D) is of the分析：本题显然考查" the more the more结构，the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格，因此只能选择B例 2: The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, to the body.(A) the stress it is greater

9、 (B) greater is the stress (C) greater stress is (D) the greater the stress分析：正确答案为D。此题考the more the moreJ型，只有D符合这一句型 的要求，故选D。-the greater the stress it yields to the body文案大全实用文档2) the+比较级 +of the two：He is the taller of the two.She was the more promising worker of the two.3)比较级+and+比较级此句型表示 越来越”，如

10、：Things are getting better and better every day.It ' s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.2. as as的特殊用法1) . as. as.句型可以用来比较两个不同事物或人的两个不同特征、表示两 个事物的状况处于同等程度或两个事物之间具有连带关系。S1 + V1 + as + adj. 1+ S2+V2+adj.2He was as experienced as his brother was gre en他经验丰富，而他弟弟初出茅庐。She is as kind as h

11、er brother is hone stThe prisons are as ove crowded as the farmlands are empt y监狱里人满为患，而农田却无人耕种。(两者程度相等，但是状况截然不同，以 突出两者的对比)2) . as. . as.句型还可以用来比较一个事物或一个人的两个不同的特征： 表 示两个特征同时存在，具有 both. and.的含义。S +V+as + adj. 1+ as +adj.2S+V+as +n.1+as +n.2The landlord was as greedy as crue lThe problems are as numer

12、ous as trivia lIt is as your fault as your wife .'s3) . as. as. can be,as. as any (anything), as. as ever lived: 表示某事达到了无以复加的程度，最，极其。文案大全实用文档They are as unreliable as they can b eHe is as great a mathematician as an yas eve门ived).My sister is as green as green can b eHe pretends to be as modest

13、as anythin g4) as likely as not：该结构并无否定含义，表示很可能之意，而且语气强烈。例如：He will lorgci all about it as likely as not.类彳以的用法还有： as often as not more often than not 表示经常、 往往之意。3. not so much . as.:这个句型用以肯定as后面的内容,而在一定程度上 否定as前面的内容,表示 与 其说还不如说”。Experience shows that success is noto much due to abilityas to passion

14、not so much due to ability as (due) to passionI was attracted net so much by the plot of the story by 辰 cxcMcnl performance.4. (1) As C is to D. so is A to B:这个句型表示A与B之间的关系就像X与Y之间的关系,以人们所熟知的两个 事物之间的关系说明一个不被熟知或被忽视的两事物之间的关系，是一种类比：A对于B,犹如X对于Y。例如：As the house is to the man so is the nest to the bird&quo

15、t;fVis fijod is I。111 bod), so is reading to the mind A is to Bwhat C is to DThe people is to the Partys army w hat waters to fish.Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.文案大全实用文档5. more than与less than的相关特殊用法1) more A than B：表示与 not so much. . as类似的含义，肯定的是 A,而在一定程度上否定 B。与 其说是B,还不如说是A&quo

16、t;。He is more brave than wiserhe child was more lightened Ilian hurlMany paticuls die more of worry than of cancer when they get to know the truth about their illness.2) more than的特殊用法对同一对象的两个方面进行比较：若是对同一个人或物在不同方面进行取舍时，意为与其说倒不如二。如：He is more hungry than tired.I was more annoyed than worried.3) more

17、than +名词/形容词/分词：表示内容超出了后面词语所表达的范围，不只于，超过，极其"。例如:If you tell jour lather what youtvc done , he 'll bmore than a little angry. Vc were more than happy to hear of your rctum .4) no more than与 not more thanno more。-than表示对两者都否定.意为同一样不"(=neithernor)not morethan旨两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为不如“、不及&quo

18、t;(=not so . as)He is no more a writer than a painter. (= He is neither a painter nor a writer.)He' s no more able to read Spanish than I am.(=Neither he nor I am not read Spanish.)This book is not more difficult than that one.(二This book is not so difficult as that one.)文案大全实用文档5) no morethan与

19、no less thanno more thanft为 与一样不”，否定两者；no less than示 和一一样”，肯定两者。She' s no more a great singer than I am.他不是优秀歌手，我也不是。Your brother is no less wise than you.你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。6) not + 比较级 + than /no +比较级+ than比较级前加 not,表示前者不如后者，与 not asa相当；比较级前加no是对两者的否定,意为 和一样不”,与neither。5。厂或“as+反意义的形容词或副词+as”相当。如：He is

20、 not taller than me.He is no taller than me.他同我一样不高。（即一样矮）His English is not better than mine.His English is no better than mine.他的英语同我的英语一样不好。（即一样差）7) no more than与 not more than 表示数量时no more than 仅仅“、只不过”，强调少;not more than表示 不多于“、至多"。（无强调）This test takes no more than thirty minutes.For thirty

21、 years, he had done no more than he had needed to.He has not more than three children.他最多3个孩子（有或许还不到3个之意）。文案大全实用文档8) . no less than 与 not less thanS示数量no less than!为 多达”、有一之多”，强调多；not less thanfe示 不下于“、 至少"。如：He paid no less than $10,000 for it.He paid not less than $10,000 for it.He walks no l

22、ess than five miles to school.他上学至少要走五英里。四.比较级及比较句型注意要项比较结构中要注意：1、倒装性例 1: Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than eastern Nebraska.(A) does(B) in(C) it does in(D) in it does分析：than引导比较状语从句，空格后面是个专有名词，肯定是比较从句的主语， 空格处明显缺从句的谓语动词，只有（A）符合条件，故选（A）。注意than eastern Nebraska does!正确的语序，但是原文中使用了倒装；在

23、 比较结构的后面部分中，如果比较从句的主语长，谓语动词短，动词可放到主语 前面进行到装。例 2 ： Hot objects emitdo coldobjects.(A) rays more than infrared(B) rays are more infrared than(C) more than infrared rays(D) more infrared rays than文案大全实用文档分析：emit为及物动词，空格处缺宾语和引导比较从句的than,只有（D）符合条件。注意空格后为倒装形式，do代替emit以避免重复。此题为常考的句子结 构。2、对称性比较结构中还需要注意相互比较的

24、必须属于同一种事物，例例 3: The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than.(A) the domestic marketer has (B) the domestic marketer does(C) those of the domestic marketer (D) that which has the domestic marketer分析：本题还是考查比较句，由于谓语动词是系动词are,故先排除与其不对应的以has和does结尾的（A）和（B）。选项

25、D则语义不清，也可排除。C中those代替前面提到的activities以避免重复，those一定要具备，因为只 有这样才能满足比较的都是activities,谓语动词are因与主句谓语动词相同而被 省略，因此C为正确答案。例 4： The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is greater than -.（A） that of its mining and farming combined （B） mining and farming combination（C） that mining and farming combined （D） of its combination mining and farming分析：本题为比较句，一般来说，比较