2008年全国医学考博英语统考真题

1、2008年全国医学考博英语统考真题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1.2.3.A. It was called off unexpectedlyB It raised more money than expectedC It received fewer people than expectedD It disappointed the woman for the man* s absence.ACA.CA.A thoracic caseA stomach problemIn the housing office on

2、 campusAt a rental agencyTrilledB Refreshed4.Depressed5. A. To travel with his parents.B A nervous disorderD. A psychiatric conditionB. In the downtown hotel.D In the nursing homeC ExhaustedD.B To organize a picnic in thecountryC To cruise, even without his friends.6. AC7. A.CHe* s got a revertHe

3、9; s got diarrheaTo suture the man? s woundTo disinfect the man* s injured woundA. Mr. Lindley had got injuredC Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair, consciousness9. ABCD10. A.manSheSheSheSheHerwillwillmadeD To take a flight to the MaldivesB He* s got nauseaD He* s got a runny noseB. To remove the b

4、its of glassD To take a close look at theB Mr. Lindley had fallen asleepD Mr. Lindley had lostapply to Duke University probably attend the University of Texas, up her mind to give up school for workchose Duke University over the University of Texas boyfriend broke up with herB She was almost run ove

5、r by a truckC One of her friends was emotionally hurtD She dumped her boyfriend' s truck in the river11. A. The patient will not accept the doctor* s recommendation.B The doctor lost control of the allergic reactionC The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D The medicine is not available t

6、o the patient12. A. It was more expensive than the original price as a giftC It was the last article on sale13. A. excitedB ImpatientConcernedB It was given to the womanC.D It was a good bargain.IndifferentD.14. A. She regrets buying the carC She will certainly not buy the car.wanting15. A. He is se

7、riously ill.C The weather is lousy this week pressureSection BPassage One16. A. He has got bowel cancerC He has got bone cancer17. A. To have a colonoscopyC To be nut on chemotherapy18. A. A pretty minor surgeryC A miracle in his coming years inconveniences19. A. ThankfulB AdmiringRespectfu120. A.BC

8、DB. The car just arrived yesterdayD This is the car she has beenB His work is a messD He has been working underB He has got heart diseaseD He has got heartburn.B To seek a second opinionD To have his bowel removedB A normal life ahead of himD A life without anyC ResentfulDIt was based on the symptom

9、s that man had described. It was prescribed considering possible complications. I was given according to the man， s actual condition. It was effective because of a proper intervention.Passage TwoB. Lung Cancer and the sexes.D How to prevent lung cancer.B Second-hand smokersD At age 40 or overC. 7498

10、D. 942721. A. Smoking and Lung Cancer C How to quit smoking22. A. Current smokers exclusively.C With a lung problems23. A. 156B. 26924. A. Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancerB Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D When

11、 struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than men25. A. Lung cancer can be early detectedB Lung cancer is deadly but preventableC Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictableD Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.Passage Three26. A. A hobbyB The whole worldC learning experienceD A

12、 career to earn a living27. A. Her legs were brokenB Her arms were brokenC Her shoulders were severely injuredD Her cervical vertebrate were seriously injured28. A. She learned a foreign languageB She learned to make friends.C She learned to be a teacherD She learned a living skills.29. A. She worke

13、d as a skiing coachB She was a college instructorC She was a social worker in a clinicD She worked as elementary school teacher30. A. Optimistic and hard-bittenB Pessimistic and cynicalC Humorous and funny.D Kind and reliablePart II Vocabulary (10%)Section A31. I' m afraid that you 11 have tothe

14、 deterioration of the condition.A. account forB call forC look forD make for32. Twelve hours a week seemed a generous of your time to the nursinghome.A. afflictionB alternativeC allocationDalliance33. Every product is tested before being put into marketA. expensivelyB exceptionallyC exhaustivelyDexc

15、lusively34. Having clean hands is one of the rules when preparing foodA. potentB conditionalC ins已parableDcardinal35. The educators should try hard to develop the abilities of childrenA. cohesiveB cognitiveC collectiveD comic36. Mortgagehad risen in the last year because the number of low-incomefami

16、lies was on the increaseA. defectsB deficitsC defaultsDdeceptions37 The symptoms may be by certain drugsA. exaggeratedB exacerbatedC exceededDexhibited38. Her story was a complete from start to finish, so nobody believedin her.A. facilityB fascinationC fabricationDfaculty39. The police investigating

17、 the traffic accident have not ruled out A. salvageB safeguardC sabotageDsacrifice40. The government always on the background of employees who are hiredfor sensitive military projectsA. takes upB checks upC works outD looksintoSection B41. The 19、“ century physiology was dominated by the study of th

18、e transformations of food energy into body mass and activityA. boostedB governedC clarifiedDpioneered42. Surely, it would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further actio n.A. realisticB sensitiveC reasonableDsensational43. The Chinese people hold the ancestors in great veneration

19、.A. recognitionB sincerityC heritageDhonour44. I worked to develop the :requisite skill for manageria1A. perfectB exquisiteC uniqueDnecessary45. If exercise is a bodily maintenance activity and an index of physiological age, the lack of sufficient exercise may either cause or hasten agingA. instance

20、B indicatorC appearanceD.option46. The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuousexerciseA. arduousB demandingC potentD.continuous47. The hospital should be held accountable for the quality of careit deliversA. practicableB reliableC flexileD.responsible48. Greenpeace has beeninvite to appraisethe enviro

21、nment costsof such anoperation.A. esteemB appreciateC evaluateD.approve49. The company still hopes to find a buyer, but the future looks bleak.A. chillyB dismalC promisingDfanatic50. These were vital decisions that bored upon the happiness of everybody.A. ensuredB minedC achievedDinfluencedPart III

22、Cloze (10%)Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely51, the answer to both thesequestions is yes To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius52a chil

23、d born with low intelligenceOn the other hand, a child who lives in boring environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surrounding Thus the 53of a person1 s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his 54

24、This view, not held by most experts canbe supported in a number of waysIt is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent55we are born withThe closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence Thus if we take two unrelated people56, it is likelyth

25、at their degrees of intelligence will be completely different If on the other hand we take two identical twins they will likely be as intelligent as each other Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have 57 intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends

26、on birth58now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments We might send one, for example to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, andthis indicates that environment 59 birth plays a part Thi

27、s conclusion isalso suggested by the60that people who live in close contact with each otherBut who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.51.A.quietB.enough52.A.out ofB.into53.A.amountsBqualities54.A.dispositionB perceptionenvironmentC sureD soC from withinD offC

28、limitsD scores55. A. anything56. A in advance57 A. similar58. A. Look59. A. and60. A. fact environmentPassage OneB somethingB for effectB variousB BelieveB or ratherB eventC nothingC at randomC appropriateC SuggestC as well asC conditionD. everythingD under wayD inbornD ImagineD but forD.Part IV Rea

29、ding Comprehension(30%)C endowmentD.Four teen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart Without it, Sean would die Sean* s case is not unusua 1 Everyday many people die because there just aren' t enough human organs to go aroundNow scientists say they can alter the gen

30、etic make-up of certain animals so that their organs may be acceptable to humans With this gene-altering technique to overcome our immune rejection to foreign organs, scientists hope to use pig heart for transplants by the year 2008That prospect, however, has stirred up strong opposition among anima

31、l fight activities They protest that that the whole idea of using animal organs is cruel and unjust Some scientists also fear such transplants may transform unknown diseases to humans.Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is unnecessary. Millions of dollars spent on breeding pigs fo

32、r their organs could be better spent on health education programs They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable The key is to convince people to eat healthily, and not to smoke or drink alcoho 1 Scientists could also use researc

33、h funds to improve artificial organsStill others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help, spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea If enough people were educated about organ donations, everyone who needed an organ could be take

34、n off the waiting list in a year61 What is the problem the passage begins with?A. High mortality rate of immune rejection.B A malpractice in heart transplantationC An unusual case of organ transplantD A shortage of human organs62. Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical issue, according

35、to the passage but also itA. introduces an issue of inhumanityB raises the issue of justice in medicineC presents a significant threat to human natureD pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits63. Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs, some scientistsA. are to narrow the scope

36、 of organ transplantsB switch to the development of artificial organsC come up with alternatives to the current problemD set out to pursue better ways of treating heart disease64. It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph of the passage thatA. the gene-altering technique will help those waiti

37、ng for organ transplants B the present supply of human organs still has potential to be exploredC people prefer the use of animal organs for medical purposesD the gene-altering technique leaves much to believed65. The information the passage carries is A. enlighteningB unbelievableC imaginativeDfact

38、ualPassage TwoThere is a great irony of 21:z century global health： While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related chronic

39、 diseases Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetesTo reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address the fundam

40、ental cause Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity The cause of this imbalance also is ironic： improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active Market economies encourage this They make people with expendable income into co

41、nsumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, television set, and computers that promote sedentary behaviour Gaining weight are good business Food is particularly business because everyone eatsMoreover, food is so overproduced that many cou

42、ntries, especially the rich ones, have far more than they need 一 another irony. In the United States, to take an extreme example, most adults-of all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categories - are overweight The U S food supply provides 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twi

43、ce as much as required by many adults Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, large portions And campaigns directed toward children Food marketing promotes weight gain Indeed, it is difficult to think of any major industry that might

44、benefit if people eat less food; certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet or drug industries All flourish when people eat more And all employ armies of lobbyists to discourage government from doing anything to inhibit overeating66. The great irony of 21: century global

45、public health refers to A. the cause of obesity and its counteractive measuresB the inefficient and superfluous consumption of foodC the seas natural resource and the green of food sourceD the consumption of food and the increased risk for diet-related diseases67. To address the fundamental cause of

46、 the obesity epidemic, according to thepassage, is A. to improve political and economic managementB to cope with the energy imbalance issueC to combat diet-related chronic diseasesD to increase investment in global health68. As we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to A. affluence a

47、nd obesityB food energy and nutritional valueC food business and economic prosperityD diseases of civilization and pathology of inactivity69. As a result of the third irony, people A. consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily basisB complain about food overproductionC have to raise their food expensesD a

48、re driven towards weight gain70. Which of the following can be excluded as we can understand based on the passage?A. The economic dimensionB The political dimensionC The humane dimensionD The dietary dimensionPassage ThreeWomen find a masculine face with a large jaw and a prominent brow more attract

49、ive when they are more likely to conceive, according to a study published in the June 24 Nature Before, during, and just after menstruation, however, they seem to be drawn to less angular, more ufeminine" male faces, the researchers report°Other studies of female preference, mainly for odo

50、rs, show changes across the menstrual cycle, ” says leading author Ian Penton-Voak of the University of St. Andrews on Scotland° we thought it would be interesting to look at visualpreferences and see if they changed also.The research showed 39 Japanese women composite male faces that emphasize

51、d masculine Dr feminine facial features to differing degrees The women preferred images with more muscular features when they were in the fertile phase of their menses but favored more feminine features during their less fertile phaseThe type of face women find attractive also seems to depend on the

52、 kind of relationship they wish to pursue, according to another experimentThe cyclic preference for muscular faces was evident among 23 British women asked to choose the most attractive face for a short-term relationship, Penton-Voak says The 26 women asked to choose an attractive face for a long-te

53、rm relationship, however, preferred the more feminine features throughout their menstrual cycleAnother 22 women who were using oral contraceptives did not show monthly changes in the faces they preferred even for short-term relationships, indicating that hormones might play a role in determining att

54、ractiveness, Penton-Voak saysMen whose faces have some feminine softness are perceived as ° kinder * men who may make better husbands and partners, he adds, while macho features may be associated with higher testosteronelevels and good genes He cautions, however, that research hasn" t yet

55、shown a link between a woman * s preferences in such tests and her actual behavior71. The researchers made a study on A. women * s menstrual cycleB men* s preferred female imagesC women' s visual preferences of menD men' s masculine and feminine features72. Women are drawn to a masculine face, according to the researchers, when theyA. grow to be feminineB are on oral contraceptivesC are ready for conceptionD are on menstruation73. It was found in Britain that women * s preferred male images were influencedb