字母音标教学(详细版)

1、字母音标教学1、字母的分类：元音字母：Aa Ee辅音字母：Bb CcPp Qq半元音字母：YyIi Oo UuDd Ff Gg HhRr Ss Tt VvJjWwKk Ll MmXx ZzNn2、字母自身的音素字母AaBbCc日祭P eibi:si:字母HhIiJj日祭P eit?aid?ei字母OoPpQq日祭?upi:kju:字母UuVvWw日祭ju:vi:'?blju:DdEeFfGgdi:i:efd?i:KkLlMmNnkeielemenRrSsTtaesti:XxYyZzekswaized英语26个字母Ag Bb-CcDd/ei/ /b»7/s»7/di:

2、/i:/ /ef/ /dji:/Hk If JjNtlzl/eitj/ /ai/ /dei/ /kei/ /el/ /em/份nfQa Pp Qq Hr Ss 7tUu/3U；/pi：/ /kju:/ /ay /es/ /tl：/iu：/vi:/ /cjAblju：/ /eks/ /wai/aJ、国际音标英语音标发音表英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个国际音标（英语语音）儿日甲儿日、,.、-刖兀首i：ie?中元音?：?刀儿日u：u?:?a:双3开合双元音eiai?i?uau集中双元音i ?£ ?u?辅首爆破音清辅音ptk浊辅首bdg摩擦音清辅音fs?9 h浊

3、辅首vz?e破擦音清辅音t ?trts浊辅首d ?drdz篁土 界日（浊辅音）mn?舌则音（浊辅音）lr干儿日（浊辅音）wj英语国际音标训练材料音标英 语 字 母 或 单 词 例 子/i:/E/i:/he /hi:/key /ki:/ three / 0 ri:/ ieet/mi:t/i/it /it/ is /iz/ list /list/ his /hiz/sjx /siks/e/egg/eg/ red/red/ bed /bed/ pen /pen/ seven/sev?n/ well/wel/ spell/spel/?/am/?m/ bag/b?g/ map/m?p/ black/bl

4、?k/ jacket/ ?(kit/ ?:/four /f ?:/ ball/b?:l/ horse/h?: s/ saw/s?:/course/k?:s/ ?/dog/d?g/ orange/ ?rind ?/ what /w ?t/ clock /kl ?k/a:/are /a:/ card /ka:d/ last/la:st/u:/blue /blu:/ ruler /' Fu:lto /tu:/two /tu:/ food/fu:d/u/good /gud/ book /buk/ look/luk/ put/put/ would/wud/ could/kud/?/color/

5、?l?/ bus/b ?s/ but/b?t/ love/l ?v/ brother/ '?的 mother/ ?e?/?:/girl /g ?:l/ her /h?:/ first/f ?:st/?/ruler/' rudcolor/'?k?/ better/bet?/ never/nev?/ welcome/welk ?m/ei/A/ei/ name/neim/ cake/keik/ Dale /deil/ejght/eit/case/keis/?u/O/?u/ OK /?u' kei/ know /n ?u/ no/n?u/ home/h?um/ hope

6、/h?up/ai/I/ai/ my/mai/ hi/hai/ nice/nais/ five/faiv/ fine/fain/ white/wait/au/how/hau/ about/?' baut/ out/aut/ house/haus/ ? i/boy/b ?i/ toy /t?i/nolse/n?iz/ volce/v ?is/ point/p ?int/coin/k ?in/i?/ear/i?/耳朵here/hi?/ dear /di?/ near/ni ?/ idea/ai ' /di?Teor/hi?/ e/?chair /t? e / ajr/ &/?

7、 tea/t / ? care/k e/? fai/f ，? there/e J ?/u?/tour/tu ?/ poor/pu?/ sure/?u?/英语国际音标训练材料音标英 语 字 母 或 单 词 例子/p/pen /pen/ map/m?p/ cap/k?p/ please /pli:z/b/bag /b?g/ book/buk/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ black/bl?k/ bear/b / ?/twhat /w?t/ quilt/kwilt/ list/list/d/dog/d ?g/ good /gud/ led/led/ sad/s?d/ feed/fi:d/ do

8、/du:/ dear/di?/kkey/ki:/ book /buk/ clock/kl ?k/bag /b?g/ good /gud/ girl /g ?:l/f/five/faiv/ fine/fain/four/f ?:/ family /' f?m?/v/five/faiv/ have /h?v/ love/l ?v/ very/ ' veri/ 0 /thank/ 0 ?khree / 0 ri:/ tho/sau 0 / tbaba: （thick/ 0 ik/e/thjs /eis/ that/e?t/ broth_er/ '?b?/ the/e?/ th

9、ey/eei/ father / ' fa :e?/s/spell/spel/ face /feis/ （脸） mouse/maus/z/zero / ' r?u? close/kl ?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?iz/ pens/penz/t?/chair /t?" chess /t?es/（棋）lunch/l ?nt?/teacher / ' ?/t/d?/orange/?rind ?/ jacket/ ?kit/Jack/d?k/ large/la:d?/ juice/d ?u:s/tr/tree/tri:/ （树）try/trai/ t

10、ruck/tr ?k/ Irue/tru:/ irouble/ ?btrirack/tr?k/dr/dry/drai/（使 一 变干）dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri?k/ hun 比ed/ ?ndrid/?/she/?i:/ fish/fi ?/ English/' i?/i sharpener/?a:p?n?/_shoe/?u:/?/pleasure/ ' ?e measure/ ' ?e television/ ' te?ivn/ts/its/its/ whats/w ?ts/ leUlets/ sports/sp ?:

11、ts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/dz/hands/h?ndz/ birds/b ?:dz/ friends/frendz/ beds/bedz/ stands/st?ndz/h/how/hau/ her /h ?:/ he/hi:/ hard/ha:d/ bim/him/ hear/hi?/ half/ha:f/n /n/ no know new hand o /?u / old home nose coke/o/ dog not clock box/A / son month mother love p /p/ map jeep pig pen apple q /

12、kw / quite quilt quick r /r/ red radio brother racket s /s/ sit miss this smile books/z/ nose those rose rulers t /t/ it sit not that table little u /ju: / use usually excuse/A / bus us sun duck/ u / put pull push v /v / five vase very seven w /w/ we window watch want x /ks / box six fox y /ai / my

13、fly why bye/ j / yes yellow/ i / happy baby very z / z / zoo zero/l/ruler / ' rUis?/list/like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ light/lait/m/my/mai/map /m?p/ M_ary/ ' meri/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/n/nice /nais/ nine /nain/ fine/fain/ mind/maind/?/evening /' i:vni?/ English/ ?/ 'sin

14、ggsi?/ wi ng/wi?/ ring /ri?/j/you/ju:/yellow / jel?u/ few/fju:/ music/ ' mju:zik/student/ ' stju:d叫beautiful/bju:t ?fl/w/what/w ?t/ well/wel/ white /wait/ work/w ?:k/ way/wei/r/red /red/ ruler/ rb:l?oad/r?ud/ write/rait/ （w 不发首） wtong/r ?/26个字母发音规律及英语字母组合发音表 a /ei/ name cake table/? / apple

15、cat map am/ a : / want dance/o/ what watchb /b/ book big bag box c /k/ cat cake cup clock car/s/ face nice pencil booksd /d/ desk doll dog dad e /i:/ he she meet me/e/ elephant egg bed pen f /f/ fine friend fly foot fan g /1 gun glass glad glove/d 3 /age orange h /h/ hat he house hand i /ai / fine b

16、ike five ice/i/ is sit miss pig picturej / d 3 / jeep jam jacket jar k /k/ kite cake black thank l /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp/l/ apple bowl tell old m /m/ am map my mouth milk元音字母组合发音表元音字 母组合位置读 首例词例外ar重读a：mark carve article party market March farm hard在W后?：warm warn reward war非重读?grammarer重读?：ser

17、vice certain serve非重读?worker farmer teacheror重读?：form important corner horse在W后?：work word world worth非重读?mirror doctor forbid forgetur重读?：church Thursday nurse turn return非重读?surprise surround murmurir重读?：thirsty dirty first girlaai重读音节eitailor remain grain sail praise raise brainsaid e非重读音节icaptai

18、n?certainau?：causeaunt a:al?：walk ball all talkhalf a: alms a:?:lalways almost already althoughaw?：draw dawn sawaire?fair affair hair upstairsaree?dare glare share compare carefularea:augh?：taught caught daughter naughtylaugha:fay重读音节eidelay play say way todaysays e非重读音节iSunday Mondayeai：repeat leaf

19、 lead peace disease creamesweater thread headache heavy breakfast特殊eigreat greatly breaki?real idea theatreeei：sleep freely weed steel degreei?appear clear near hear dear earheart a:eear?：heard learn earn early searche?wear bear swear peareiireceive seize ceilingewju：few new newssew?u在l, r后u：blew fl

20、ew threw dreweree?there wherehere i?ey重读音节eigrey hey obeykey i:非重读音节imonkey donkeyeigheiweight eight eightyiiei：piece thief field chiefdietai? quietai?ailie tie dieireai?wire inspire hire tireighairight fight night high bright lightooa?uloaf road soap coat boatbroad?: abroad?:oi?ivoice noise point c

21、hoiceoy?itoy boy joy joyfuloo在其他字母刖u：roof choose school shootwoolu footu在k, d前utook look cook stood wood goodfoodu: flood ? blood ?oor?：floor doorpooru?ouaupound rouse mountain trousers ground thousandshoulder?u soul? u?couple cousin double country touch troubleu：route group routine soupucould shoul

22、d wouldough?：fought bought brought thoughtthough?u plough au cough ?f throughu: thorough? enough ?faudown brown flowerow?ubowl sow window row owner low show throw growknowledge?uure重读音节u?sure surely非重读音节?:pleasure辅音字母组合发音（全）字母组合发音词例ble/bl/able table possiblech/ ?/chair/k/school/ ?/machineck/k/jacket

23、cle/kl /uncle circle bicycledeg/d3/bridge judge knowledgege/d3/age change village hugegh/f/laugh有时不发音eight daughtergu/gw/language/ g/guessgn/ n /sign foreigngue/ g/leaguekn/ n /know knife knee knitmb/ m /climbmn/ m /autumnng/?/morning/?g/Englishnk/?k/thanknc/?k/unclePh/f/phoneple/ pl /apple people e

24、xamplequ/ kw /quiltsc/ s/science scent scissorsh/ ?/shesion/3n/conclusion invasionssion/ / n /expression discussionstle/sl/castle whistle rustletal/tl/capital hospitaltain/ tn /britain certaintch/?/watchth/?/thanks/ e/thistion/ / n /nation station dictionarytle/ tl/gentle battle bottletureWpicture n

25、ature mixturewh一般情况下发/ w/what在字母O前发/ h /whowr/ r /writekn/ n /knowdge/? /bridge-ing/?/standing-tion/ ?n/question/ ?n/dictionary-ture/?/picture-sion/ ?n/decision音节什么叫音节?音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮， 不能单独构成音节（m , n , ng , l例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个 音节。什么是成音节？成音节的含义：音标中，一个辅音字母加上一个m或n或l,构成成

26、音节例词：noodle'nu:dl在英语中元音特别响亮，一个元音可构成一个音节，一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素 结合也可以构成一个音节。一般说来，元音可以构成音节，辅音不响亮，不能构成音节。 但英语辅音字母中有4个辅音m , n , ng , l是响音，它们和辅音音素结合，也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾，一般是非重读音。如何划分音节？在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个 音节，

27、如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。例如： 长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er什么是重读音节？重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重 读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。什么是开音节？开首节分两种，一种叫绝对开首节，相对开首节。在开首节中，兀首字母发长首（本身音）。绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：me, be, he, no,

28、go, so相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如： name these bike home excuse如何识别开音节和闭音节？什么闭音节 ？什么叫闭音节 ？单个元音字母后面有辅字组成（ r w y除外），且以辅音字母结尾的音节。如果该音节重读，则叫做重读闭音节。在闭音节中，元音字母发短音。例如：bag draw begin fish not cup。英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节比如apple划音节就应该是ap/ple前面那个ap是一个音节以辅音音素结尾

29、就是闭音节。重读闭音节后要加ing或ed时，要双写才能加。如：如:sit-sittingstoppedbegin-beginningput-puttingswim-swimming举两个很经典的例子：forbid-forbidding（重读闭音节，双写）prohibit-prohibiting（重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写）重读闭音节三要素：1 .必须是重读音节；2 .最后只有一个辅音字母；3 .元音字母发短元音兀首字母在开首节和闭首节中的发首:儿日子母AaEeIiOoUueii:/ai/?u/ju:闭音节/?/e/i/ ?/?/u/英语音标表、字母表 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆元音音

30、标表（ 20 个）5个元音的字母音a ei e i: i ai o ?u u u:5 个元音的短元音：a ?e bag cat hat map e epen bed ten henI ibig pigsithillo ? box hot dog frog u ubut mum bus mug12 个单元音：短元音?e ei? u?长元音i:?: a:u: ?:8个双元音： ei ai ?u au ?i i? e? u?元音发音规则表：1 .单元音/i:/ see me be she need read meal eat seat deep keep开音节中的 e/i:/ me be sheee

31、 /i:/ see sleep deep feet need ea /i:/ read eat meal seat2 .单元音/i/ in it is fit pin bit kiss sick miss fish rich lid闭音节中的 i /i/ if, his, film（ 闭音节指以辅音结尾的音节）闭音节中的 y /i/ sympathy, syllable, system, gym 位于词尾的 y /i/ city, pity, willingly, possibility3 .单元音/e/ get let bed pen best rest wet never better b

32、est闭音节中的 e /e/ bed, peg, set, tellea /e/ dead, heaven, feather4 .单元音/?e/ hat cat rat cap map fat man thank stamp fact闭音节中的 a / ?e / bad, lad, rat, cab5 .单元音/a:/ heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn passar /a:/ arm, ark, lard, dark, car, card, hard, harm6 .单元音/ ? / lot got job shop soft song t

33、op hot box pot lock闭音节中的 o / ? / hot, got, not, lost, on, soft7 ./ ?:/ tall fall wall Paul Maud walk call yawn thought or / ?:/ or, sport, bored, horse, more, before a（+ll 或 lk） / ?:/ all, fall, talk, walk aw / ?:/ law, paw, draw, flaw, claw8 .单元音/u/ cook book look put good full foot wouldu /u/ put,

34、 full, pull, push, sugar, cushionoo /u/ good, took, wood, wool, stood, bedroomou /u/ could, would, should9 .单元音/u:/ too soon rule boot fool school soup cool lose newoo /u:/ fool, booth, room, foodou /u:/ soup, you, groupo /u:/ do, to, who10 ./ ?/ cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cut stuck闭音节中的 u

35、/?/ but, hunt, sun, duck, luck闭音节中的 o /?/ son, once, colour, other, moneyou /?/ rough, enough, touch, cousin, young11 .单元音 /?:/ shirt hunt burn girl bird nurse work worm curseer /?:/ herd, verb, mercyir /?:/ thirty, shirt, third, firur /?:/ turn, church, burn, nurse, curseor /?:/ word, work, world,

36、worseear /?:/ heard, earth, search12 .单元音 /?/ ago about asleep above again among mother brother 许多元音在非重读章节中读成/?/ ，所以/?/的拼写形式多种多样。如：about, sofa, doctor, colour, figure13 .双元音 /ei/ May pay way day same hay great gain pain spadea /ei/ save, face, paleay /ei/ day, pay, mayai /ei/ wait, fail, straitea /e

37、i/ break, great14 .双元音 /?u/ no go so hole hope road home slow load foe soulo /?u/ go, hello, no, open, over, joking, Octoberoa /?u/ coat, soap, boat, road, coastow /?u/ snow, throw, blow, show, know, window15 .双元音 /ai/ bye lie try eye cry die my five time mine like开音节中的 i /ai/ time, crime, rite, fin

38、eigh /ai/ high, might, night, light, brighty /ai/ cry, my, sky, fly, July, replyie /ai/ eye, dye, bye16 .双元音 /au/ how now cow out mouse down house brown found ou /au/ about, around, found, sound, mouseow /au/ down, crowd, town, brown, now, how17 . 双元音 /?i/ boy joy toy voice noise join coin oil soil

39、toiloi /?i/ oil, boil, join, coin, spoilt, voice, choice, noiseoy /?i/ toy, boy, enjoy, destroy, annoy, loyal, employer18 .双元音 /i?/ ear here fear hear dear pier tear near really ideaear /i?/ ear, dear, hear, clear, beard ea /i?/ idea, real, theatreere /i?/ here, mere, severeeer /i?/ beer, queer, eng

40、ineer19 .双元音 /e?/ care wear hair there fair careful variousare /e?/ care, share, fare, hare， carelessair /e?/ air, fair, chair ， repair20 .双元音 /u?/ tour sure poor pure cure tourist ur /u?/ cure, pure, fury词尾 -ed 的发音规则：1.t/d 后读 /id/, 2.清清浊浊元音浊。清辅音后读/t/浊辅音后读/d/t/ /d/ 二音后读/id/元音后读 /d/特殊情况除外（没有几个,不用记了 ）

41、在清辅音后面tasked finished helpedhelpt passedpa:st reached在浊辅音和元音后面dcalled borrowed movedmu:vd enjoyed welcomed answered在t音后面idwanted''w ?ntid started''sta:tid在d音后面读id needed''ni:did counted"kauntid0补充说明：规则动词的过去式由 “动词原形 +-ed ”构成，具体变化有：1 .直接在词尾力口 -ed。如：wantwanted, work worked,

42、 needneeded, clean cleaned2 . 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加-d 。如： like liked, live lived, use used, move moved3 . 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词， 先双写结尾的辅音字母， 再加 -ed。 如： stop stopped, trip tripped4 .以辅音字母加 y结尾的动词，先把 y变成i,再加-ed。如：studystudied, carry carried, hurry hurried, marry married不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：1 . 以 t 结尾的词

43、，过去式与原形相同。如：put put, let let, cut cut, beat beat2 . 以 d 结尾的词，把d 变成t 。如:build built, lend lent, send sent, spend spent3 .以 n 结尾的词，在词后力口t。如： mean meant, burn burnt, learn learnt4 . 以 ow / aw 结尾的词，把 ow / aw 变成 ew。如：blow blew, draw drew, know knew, grow grew5 .含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加to如：keep- kept, sleeps

44、lept, feel felt,smell smelt6 .含有元音字母 o / i 的词， 将 o / i 变成 a。 如：sing sang, givegave, sit sat, drink drank词尾 -es/s 的发音规则：动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。1、大多数动词在词尾加“S在清辅音后发音为s,在浊辅音及元音后发音为z。如： stop stops s ; make makes s read reads z ; play plays z2、以辅音字母加"图尾的，要先将 “港为“然后在加"es卖iz如：fly fl

45、ies z ； carry carries zstudy studies z; worry worries3、以“s, x, ch, sh吉尾的'，在词尾加“e§”发音为iz如：teach teaches iz; watch watches iz 4、以“曲尾的动词，力口 匕§”读团 如:go goes z do does z如：下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。1、 do du: does dz2、 say sei says sez以不发音字母"e告尾的开音节词，如果尾音是s, z时，加"骑字母"

46、;侬音，与所加“s一起读做 iz 。 如： close closes iz二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同：变"y为"现象双写最后辅音字母现象例词： baby babies carry carries study studyingbe动词包括：am, is, are。第三人称单数用is;过去式为 was；复数用are,过去式为 were.自然拼音拼读练习表第一天： a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellI

47、i: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichUu:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle under cape name tape lake game make take hate these Japanese Chinese bite five nine kite mine nice ride side rose nose rope note pose home rode those tube cube June cute huge第二天 :ai ay

48、 ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ue ai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maid ay:bay ray way say hay pay May lay ee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teeth ea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf pea ey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolley ie:tie pie lie die igh:right sight night tight h

49、ight fight high sigh oa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soap ow:rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row hollow low ui:suit juice fruit ue:Sue blue glue true第三天 :ar er ir ur orar: arm car armchair card cart farm park garden er:sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker mother ir:birthday ci

50、rcus dirty bird circle dirt girl ur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurse or:porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork第四天 :ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouseow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flower toweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poison c

51、oiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumn applauseaw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolishoo:book cook good foot look hookea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather第五天 :ch sh wh ph th th kn wr mbc

52、h:beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherrysh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovelwh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheelchair whisperph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabetth:brother feather leather father motherth:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teethkn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb:thumb lamb