外研版必修四module3知识点

1、重点短语1. vary in 2. vary from to3. involve oneselfin4. be/get involvedin5. more than在方面不同从.到变化积极参与 被卷入到.之中不仅仅more than surprised十分/非常 吃惊morethan 与其说不如说(强调前者) He was more an artist than a writer.6. on guard（保持）警惕;值班,站岗7. hold up举起，抬起，承受住，支撑hold on等会儿，坚持8. give away泄露，出卖瀑露让步，赠送，捐赠9. give out 发出；放出（消息、声音

2、等）;用完，耗尽10. make a deal11. communicate with sb12. be busy doing/with sth13. stare at sb/sth14. stare into the distance15. request sb to do sth16. request that sb (should) do17. do sb a favour18. in favour of19. up and down=back and forth=here and there=to and from by accident达成协议，做成交易和某人交流忙于某事注视着某人/

3、某物凝视着远方要求某人做某事要求某人做某事帮某人一个忙赞成上上下下刖刖后后=backwards and forwards处处来来往往偶然地，无意地重点词汇及拓展1. aggressive adj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的2. deal n.协议；交易3. involve vt.包括4. spread vi.张开5. stare vi.凝视；盯着看6. panic v.恐慌；惊慌7. request n. 请求； 要求8. favor n .恩惠；善意的行为9. present adj.现场的10. prolong vt.延长11. vary vi.变化-variable adj.易变的,多变的一

4、 variation n .多样性12. formal adj.正式的一 formally adv.正式地一 informal（反义词）adj.非正式的13. infectious adj.有感染性的一 infect v .传染，感染一 infection n .传染，感染14. judgement n .判断，意见一 judge v.判断15. equality n .平等一 equalize v.使平等知识一：单词1. communicate vt.交充；交际；传大；沟甬；表爰大communicate with交换（消息,想法等）;与（某人）联络communicate sth.to sb.

5、传达（新闻、消息、感情 ）（2）communication n .传达；交流；信息；通讯例句：He communicated the news to me by telephone.他打电话向我传达了那则消息。It is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.年轻人与老年人有必要多进行交流。Communication with other countries was difficult during the telephone and postal strike.邮电工人罢工期间与

6、其他国家的通讯很困难。误区警示：communication作“通讯，通信"讲时，表"交通方式”常用复数。Radio is the only means of communication in remote areas.边远地区唯一的通讯工具就是无线电。 A baby communicates its needs by crying.婴儿用哭声来表达需要。 He learnt how to use sign language to communicate with deaf customers.他学会了用手语与失聪的顾客交谈。命题方向：communicate with 短语是

7、重要考点。活学巧练：Honesty is a kind of quality and that' s what it takes to_需要 with otherssuccessfully.A. sayB. report C. communicate D. tell【解析】句意为“诚实是一种品质，与别人成功交流需要它“。communicate交流，沟通；communicate with sb.与某人交流。 C2. vary vt.改变，使多样化vi.变化；不同vary from 不同于 vary with随从而变化vary in在方面不同，有差异(2) variety n .品种；多样

8、化a great/wide variety of = varieties of 各种各样的；品种繁多的various/varied adj.不同的；许多的例句：Costs of tickets vary from one airline to another. 机票价格在不同的航空公司之 间有差别。The colour of the leaves varies with weather.叶子的颜色随着天气的变化而变化。Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.注意：differ强调某些方面的 质或性质的不同性，常见句

9、型为：A differs from B ; A differs among Bs.vary强调某些方面的变化性，如外形、形态等因某种缘故发生了变化。常见句型为： A varies with B ; A varies from B to C.当强调不同性时，vary和differ可以互换。CD Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school.各个学校的教学方法大不相同。 My doctor said I should vary my diet more.医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。活学巧练：用适当的介词填空 I'd like

10、to have variety my life. in(2) Prices vary the seasons. with(3) Opinions vary this point. On(4) Her mood varied optimism extreme depression. From to3. involve vt.包括： 牵涉： 使参与归纳拓展(1) involve sb.in (doing) sth.把某人牵扯到某事里面；使某人参与做某事involve with. 和有密切联系(2) involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的，有关的be/get involved in 使卷入之中；

11、 使专注于be involved with 和有密切联系例句： She was involved in reviewing the lessons all night.她整晚都在专心致志地复习功课。President Nixon had to resign because he was involved in the Watergate scandal.尼克松总统不得不辞职，因为他卷入了 “水门事件”的丑闻当中。误区警示：involve表示“包括"时其后可直接接-ing作宾语(involve+ v-ing ),但 表示“某人参与干某事“常是 involve sb.in+doing 。

12、朗文在线： Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance.每天我们每个人作出的决定都包含碰运气的成分。 Most people don't realize the amount of effort that is involved in writing a novel.大多数人都不明白写一本小说要花多少心血。命题方向：involve sb.in (doing) sth.是重要考点。【链接训练】The person you referred to at the meeting the accident

13、that happened lastnight.A. involved in B. involved with C. got involved in D. got involved with 答案与解析：C be/get involved in sth."卷入,与某事有关"；be/get involved withsb. “与某人有关"。所以根据语法只有 C项对。I ask you not to get in this kind of matter.It ' s none of your business.A. caughtB. involvedC. at

14、tachedD. connected【解析】get involved in意为“涉及，卷入”，为固定搭配，其他选项不能用于此结构。 B4. panic n. 恐，慌：，原，慌 v.陷入恐，慌；弓佳己恐，慌 (panicking： panicked： panicked) 归纳拓展(1) get into a panic陷入恐慌状态be in (a) panic 在惊慌中cause a panic弓I起恐慌(2) panic at.因(听到/看到)而惊慌 panic o doing sth.使某人仓促行动例句：She got into a real panic when she tho

15、ught she' d lost the tickets.她十分惊慌,以为自己把入场券丢了。Shoppers fled the street in (a) panic after two bombs exploded.两枚炸弹爆炸之后，购物者惊慌失措地逃离了那条街。The crowd panicked at the sound of the gunfire.那群人听到枪声后惊慌失措。The protests became more violent and many foreigners were panicked into leaving the country.抗议变得更加激烈，许多

16、外国人慌忙离开了那个国家。5. spread (spread. spread)v.展开；车甫开； 传播 ； 延伸 n. 传播； 扩展归纳拓展spread sth.on/over sth.把某物铺在上spread out展开；张开；扩大(张)；伸长 spread oneself舒展身体例句：She spread the pages of the letter on the table.她把那几页信展开放在桌上。The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby.火从工厂蔓延到附近的房舍。The rapid spread of the dis

17、ease is upsetting the authorities.这种疾病的迅速蔓延使当局忧虑不安。【链接训练】Bird flu has all over the world , which might panic the investors.A . spread B . spreaded C. spreat D . spreading【解析】句意为：禽流感已蔓延到全世界，这可能会使投资者惶恐不安。spread的过去式及过去分词同原形，故选Ao【答案】 A6. stare vi.凝视： 注视： 盯着看同类辨析stare at由于好奇、敌视、傲慢而睁大眼睛凝视glare at怒视，瞪眼 gla

18、nce at匆匆一瞥 look at看，看着例句：He stood there staring into the distance.他站在那里，凝视着远方。He glanced at his watch.他匆匆地看了一下手表。They stood glaring at each other.他们站着，彼此怒目而视。The old gentleman just stood there at the pickpocket and did not say a word.A . glancing B. glimpsing C. staring D . glaring【解析】句意为：这位老先生只是站在那

19、里对那个扒手怒目而视，一句话也没有说。A项“瞥见”；B项“瞥见”，强调结果；C项“凝视，注视”，指由于惊讶、 好奇、惧怕等原因而睁大眼睛目不转睛地看。glare at怒视，瞪着眼睛看【答案】D7. request vt.请求，要求 n. 请求，要求，邀请（1） request sb.to do sth.请求某人干某事request sth.from/of sb.要求、请求某人做某事；向某人要求某物request that - clause请求（从句谓语动词用 should +动词原形）（2） make a request for.要求例句：They have made an urgent re

20、quest for international aid.他们紧急要求国际援助。 The visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参观者请勿触摸展品。We requested that they immediately make an investigation of the matter.They have made an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急要求国际援助。Further detail will be sent on request.详情承索即寄。 The staff imm

21、ediately requested that he reconsider his decision.员工立即要求他重新考虑他的决定。词语辨析： demand , require 与 requestdemand 一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。request正式用词，指非常正式、有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。后面跟宾语从句时，从句后谓语都要用虚拟语气，即 should加动 词原形或直接用动词原形。命题方向：request sb.to do sth及request后接that从句时用虚

22、拟语气是常考点。It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios after 11 o'clock atnight.A. were not played B. not to play C. not be played D . did not play【解析】It is requested.后的主语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用（should） +动词原形形式，故排除 A、D两项；根据句意可知 radios与play之间是被动关系， 故用被动语态形式，排除B项，选C。【答案】CWe all request that

23、 the discussion.A. put off B . putting off C. is put off D . be put off答案与解析：D request后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。8、perform v. 上演：扮演（角色）；演奏；实行；（机械等）运转精讲拓展：CD perform the play 演戏 perform a part in a play 在居U中扮演个角色（3） perform an operation 进行手术 performance n . 执行，履行； 表现 give/put on a performance 演出, 表演误区警示：perform意为“上

24、演，扮演；履行，实行”时作及物动词；意为 “演奏（乐曲）；运转”时，作不及物动词。如：He is performing on the flute.他正在吹奏长笛。The engine seems to be performing well. 发动机彳以乎运转正常。 I've never seen “ Othello " performed so brilliantly.我从未看过奥赛罗这出戏表演得如此精彩。 The orchestra will give two more performances this week.这个管弦乐队本周将加演两场。perform表示“上演，扮演

25、”时常是重要考点且多以非谓语动词的形式进行考查。9、favour（ = favor） n. 帮助： 恩惠： 榜成，支持： 关心、v. 赞成, 照一页精讲拓展： do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人忙ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙in favour of 赞成；支持；有利于favour the new plan赞成新计划 favour sb./sth. 偏袒某人；便于，利于favourable adj.好意的；赞成的；有利的a favourable wind 顺风 a favourable answer 满意的答复Do me/us a f

26、avour !在口语中往往是回答认为愚蠢的问题，意为“得了吧！ "，而do sb. a favour在疑问句表示“请求别人的帮忙”的客气表达。朗文在线： Could you do me a favour and turn off that light? 劳驾，请把那盏灯关掉好吗？ Do us a favour, Mike, and shut up!拜托你，迈克，别再说了! Are you in favour of the death penalty?你赞同死刑吗？ The president is believed to favour further tax cuts.大家认为总统将

27、支持进一步减税。in favour of, do sb. a favour两短语在具体语境中的运用是常考点。My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was it.A . in favour of B. in memory of C. in honour of D. in search of【解析】本题考查介词短语的辨析。此处while表示转折对比，against表示反对。故选用in favour of表示“赞成”。B表示“为纪念”；C表示“为了向表示敬意”； D表示“寻找”，均不合题意。【答案】AI am your sugges

28、tion we should spend more time on this project.A . in favor of ; whichB . in honor of; thatC. in favor of ; thatD . in honor of; whichC. “我很赞成你的建议那我们应该在这个工程上花费更多的时间”。in favor of赞成；in honor of向表示敬意；为纪念。第二空为that引导的同位语从句。10、 deal n. 交易： 协、议；v.攵卜王里：木目攵卜make a deal 达成协议；做成交易That's a deal. 一言为定。(2) a

29、great/good deal of +不可数名词，意思是“大量，很多” 。deal with 对付；应付；处理；对待-I know this is the latest type but it 's second- hand.$20that's my last offer.-OK.It's a(n). A . business B. TradeC. agreement D. deal“我知道这是最新款，但却是二手货，我最多出20块。” It' s a deal.为习语“就这么办，一言为定”，为固定搭配。【答案】D11、blank adj.空白的，无表情的，茫然

30、的 go blank变成空白 Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about.n.空白；空白处The professor could tell by the look in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lectureA.coldB. blank C. Innocen D. fresh根据Maria茫然的眼神，这位教授能够看出她对他所讲的内容连一个字也没有听 懂。"blank空虚的，茫然的；

31、innocent无辜的。选 B。14、present 1)n.C礼物；目前I want to give her a present. What do you think she'd like?2) vt.赠送;给予The mayor presented the prizes in person. 市长亲自颁奖。3) adj.在场的；出席的(其反义词为absent);现在的；当前的 A lot of students were present at the meeting.很多学生出席了那个会议。I'm free at present.我现在有空。知识拓展presence n.在

32、场； 存在presently adv.不久I'll make you a present of the book since you like it very much.你这么喜欢这本书就送给你吧15、serve 1） vt. & vi.为工作；为服务Can I serve you in any way?我能帮你的忙吗？2） vt. & vi.开板；上菜（常用被动结构）；供某人饭菜 Dinner is served. 开饭了。Learn to serve at table. 学习端饭上菜。3） vt. & vi.任职；服役He served as a naval

33、 officer during the war.战争时期他在海军当军官。即学即用The word “ spahetti" brought back the memory of an evening when all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat spaghetti for supper.A. cooked B. served C. gotD. made答案：B要点二短语1. hold up举起；提出（作为榜样）；延误，阻滞归纳拓展hold back阻挡，忍住，抑制 hold on坚持住；（电话用语）请稍等，不要挂断ho

34、ld back 缩回；阻止；隐瞒；抑制hold in 抑制（感情等）hold down阻止（某人），制止；限制 hold one's breath 屏住气例句：The steel strike in U.S. may hold up production of all new cars for several months.美国钢铁工人罢工可能使全部新汽车的生产停顿好几个月。They hold up his behaviour as a model.他们把他的行为作为其他人学习的楷模。The father held up the boy over his head.那个父亲把孩子高举过

35、头顶。 朗文在线： The building work has been held up by bad weather.由于天气不好，建筑工程被耽搁下来了。The roof is held up by pillars屋顶是由柱子支撑着的。 The water won't hold out much longer.水维持不了多久。【链接训练】There was a big hole in the road which the traffic.A . took up B . brought back C. kept back D. held up【解析】句意为：公路上有个大坑阻碍了交通。h

36、old up "延误，阻滞”，符合题意。take up "占据，从事"；bring back "带回"；keep back "扣留，隐瞒"。【答案】D What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has been ?A. given outB. held up C. run outD. used up答案与解析：D 句意：当世界的原油用光时，我们将用什么来提供动力呢？give out用完，run out用尽，都为不及物动词短语，hold up阻碍，停顿，

37、不合句意。 use up为及物动词短语，意为“用完”。2. ask sb. a favour请某人帮忙 ask a favour of sb./ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙in favour of 赞成，支持in favour得宠的；流行的 out of favour失宠的；不流行的3、give away泄露（秘密）；暴露；让步；赠送精讲拓展：give back归还；送回；使恢复give forth发出（声音，气味等）；发表，公布give in屈服，投降，退让 give up放弃；不再做（某事）g

38、ive off发出气味、光、热、声音等give out用完，用尽；分发give oneself to专心于，迷恋于；沾染 （恶习等）误区警示：give away中away是副词，若接代词作宾语时，需将代词放于give之后。 He gave away immense amounts of money to charity.他把大笔大笔的钱捐给了慈善机构。 I was afraid the kids would give the whole thing away. The goalkeeper gave away two goals.守门员白白丢了两个球。命题方向：give away常与give

39、out, give off及give in以词义辨析的形式出现。活学巧练：用 give in, give up, give out, give away 填空 The brave soldier preferred dying to givingin（2） After a month , our food supplies give out（3） Smoking is bad for your health. Yes, I know. But I can' t simply give it up.（4） Her face give heraway_ when she told a li

40、e.4、 lift up （未立）樨外己； 举走己； 抬高； 吊走己I lifted the lid of the box up and peered in.我掀起箱盖往里看。知识拓展not lift/ raise a finger/ hand （to do sth.） 一点忙也不帮；油瓶倒了都不扶辨析：raise, rise 与 lift up1） raise 是 vt,“使上升“。2） rise是vi，"升起；上升；起立”。 Prices have been raised up.价格被提高了。Prices rose gradually.价格逐渐地涨上去了。5、take off脱掉

41、（衣服等）起飞 休假突然离开 Take your coat off and sit down. I forgot to take off my make - up last night 昨天我忘了卸妆。Sales of home cars have taken off recent years.私家车的销售量近年来上升很快。 I hear the business is really taking off.我听说生意真的要兴隆了。The plane took off despite the fog.尽管有雾飞机仍照常起飞。 I'm taking Thursday off to do s

42、ome New Year shopping.我星期四休假去买一些新年礼物。 He took off for the bus station at a run. 他匆忙向汽车站跑去。Susan took off without saying goodbye. 苏珊没有道别就突然离开了。链接：take after（在礼貌、行为等方面）与（某个长辈）想像take apart 拆卸；拆开 take away 减去 take back 收回take in收容（养）；欺骗 take over接管；接收 take up从事；占据 （2009 -安徽）We tried to find a table for

43、seven , but they were all. A. given away B. kept away C. taken up D. used up解析：“我尽力想找一张供七个人用的桌子，但他们全部都被占了“ 。take up意为“占去；占用“；give away意为“赠送；泄露" ；keep away意为“（使）远离"；use up意 为“用完；用光”。答案：C6、by accident 偶然：无意中We met each other again completely by accident.我们再次相遇，完全出于偶然。have an accident 遭受意外wit

44、hout accident 平安无恙地by chance偶然地；意外地注意：deliberately adv. 故意地 on purpose 故意地I came here on purpose to see you.我特地来这里看你。即学即用Don't be angry with him; he seldom makes mistakes. He made it this time.A. by incident B. for no reasons C. in common D. by accident要点三句型Perhaps more than I think. 也许比我根的要多cmo

45、re than 比多； 多于more than +名词（动名词）”不仅仅是，不只是“。more than +数词，意思是“超过，以上“ 。more than +形容词，意思是"非常，很"。(2) no more than 仅仅，不过not more than 至多，不超过more or less差不多； 或多或少(3) morethan这种结构是对于不同的人或物的同一性质或方面的比较，意为 “比更(形容词和副词的比较级)；与其说倒不如说”。例句： He is no more a genius than I am 我不是天才，他也不是。Mr Smith is more a w

46、riter than painter.辨析 no more than 与 not more thanno more than = only ,含有消极否定的意思，意为“不过，只有，仅仅” 。not more than = at most, 意为 “不超过，至多” 。例句：He has learned no more than 100 words.他才学会了 100 个单词。He has learned not more than 100 words.他学会的单词不超过 100 个。【链接训练】 一Do you need any help , Lucy?Yes.The job is I coul

47、d do myself.A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than【解析】句意为：一你需要帮忙吗，露茜？一需要，这项工作我自己做不来。A项意为“少于” ；B项意为“多于，超过" ；C项意为“不过；仅仅” ；D项意为“不 多于"，根据题意，选 Bo【答案】B要点四语法1 .条件状语从句条件状语从句是表示 主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。引导条件状语从句的词或词组有 if, unless, so (as) long as (只要)，in case (万)， on condition that (条件是)，

48、 suppose/supposing (彳所设，用于问句 ),provided/providing (that)(彳民如，如果)等。 例句： As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.如果我忘了，请提醒我所作的承诺。Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们该向谁求助呢？在条件状

49、语从句中，要用一般时态代替将来时(和时间状语从句相同)。You will miss the train if you don't hurry.You would miss the train if you didn't hurry.will表示“愿意”时，是情态动词，可用于条件状语从句。If you will go, please tell me.如果你愿意去的话，请告诉我。注意：(3) if引导的条件状语从句如果与事实不符，应用虚拟语气。例句：If it rained tomorrow , we should stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。(4) s

50、uppose 和 supposing (that)相当于 if。(5) provided, providing that, on condition that, so/as long as 相当于 only if。As long as( = Only if)you don't lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。(6)in case Do tell us in case you have any trouble.万一有什么困难，一定告诉我们。in case引导目的状语从句时也可用should表示可能性小些。【链接训练】 I was adv

51、ised to arrange for insurance I needed medical treatment.A . nevertheless B . although C. in case D. so thatin case "以防，万一”，引导条件状语从句。有人建议我入保险，以备医疗需求。【答案】Che works hard , I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.A . As soon as B. As well as C. So far as D. So long as考查so/as long as引导条件状语

52、从句。只要他肯下工夫，我不在乎他什么时候能完成这个实验。as soon as "一就"as well as 也，又；so far as "就而言“。 【答案】 DA small car is big enough for a family of three you need more space forluggage.A . once B. Because C. in case D . Unless【解析】考查连词的用法辨析。once "一旦"，引导条件状语从句；because "因为"，引导原因状语从句；in case “

53、以防万一”，引导条件状语从句；unless “除非”， 引导条件状语从句。句意为：一辆小汽车对于一个三口之家足够了，除非需要更多 的空间放行李。根据题意，可知答案为Do【答案】 Dhe had not hurt his leg , John would have won the race.A. If B. Since C. Though D. When【解析】if引导虚拟条件句，“如果”。根据其时态可判断出表示过去非真实情况。“如果约翰的腿没有受伤，他会赢得这次赛跑"。since引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句，表示“自从”或“因为" ；though引导让步状语从句，意为“虽

54、然”；when引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候" 。【答案】A2 .让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句表示 在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。 让步状语从 句由连词 though, although , as (虽然，尽管),even if/ though , whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who (what , which , when, where, how), whetheror (not), while (尽管)等引导。(2 ) though , although

55、这两个连词用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与 but连用，但可以和yet, still连用。例句： Though they lack official support , they continue their struggle.他们虽然没有得到官方的支持，但仍继续奋斗。Although they have been talking for a long time , he cannot make her believe him.虽然他们谈了半天，他还是不能使她信任他。(3) whatever (whoever , whichever, whenever)/no ma

56、tter what (who , which , when.)引出的让步状语从句意义上无明显差别，常译成汉语“无论”。例句： Whoever (No matter who) wants to speak to me on the phone , tell him I ' m busy.不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。Wherever (No matter where) you go , I' m right here waiting for you.无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。(4) as引导让步状语从句，从句部分用倒装语序，句型为：a./adv./n.(不带冠词

57、)/v.(原形)+ as+主+谓例句： Try as I might , I couldn't lift the stone.尽管我试了，我还是搬不动那块儿石头。Late as it was, they continued to study.Youngest as he is in our class, he studies very well.Child as he is, he knows a 10t.他尽管是个孩子，却知道的很多。(5)whether.or (not).可引导让步状语从句。例句： Whether you believe it or not , it is true.不管你信不信，这都是真的。【链接训练】we could afford it , we wouldn't go abroad for our holidays