2018届高三英语二轮复习专题六书面表达第五讲怎样获取“印象分”-段落要“清”,层次要“明”

1、第五讲 怎样获取“印象分”一一段落要“清”，层次要“明”书面表达是主观题，阅卷时率先进入老师眼帘的是卷面和文章结构。因此，除了卷面整洁外， 还要注意段落写作，做到主题突出、结构合理、层次清晰，获取阅卷老师的印象分。写作技法指导进行构段谋篇层次上的写作训练，是写好文章的关键。不仅要考虑文章结构，还要考虑适当充 实内容，并解决结构重复、语言冗余等问题。下面从三个角度加以介绍，以帮助同学们提高写作能 力。一、合理分段，层次清晰合理安排文章的结构。一篇文章通常可以分为三部分，即开头、正文和结尾。近几年高考作文 范文及高分作文，绝大多数为23 段，还有个别范文为 4 段。高考范文为一个段落的，在阅卷老师

2、看来比不上段落层次清晰的文章。请看下面 2017 年全国卷H的一篇考生作文：Dear Henry ,I m Li Hua, one of your students.I m writing to inviteyou to visit the paper-cuttingexhibiti on .Paper - cutt ing is one of Chin ese traditi ons and I m sure you will like it.Theexhibition will be held in the local museumnext Saturday.Some famous Chi

3、nese artistswillperform on that day. Meanwhile, some beautiful paper - cutting works, collected from all over the country , willbe exhibited there .If you like, you can also join in paper- cutt ing.l m sure it will be an unforgettableexperienee for you.I m looking forward to hearing fromyou.Yours ,L

4、i Hua上面的作文语言准确，而且使用了非谓语动词、复合句（包括主语从句、状语从句、独立主格结构）等，总体来说是一篇相当不错的作文。但是，文章没有分段，缺少框架意识，把所有内容混搭在一起，给阅卷老师判卷带来了困难，从而影响了得分。如果我们把该文分成三段，前两句为第一段，简要说明要举行摄影展以及主题；后两句为第三 段，对对方来参加比赛提出期待；中间为第二段，对要点进行详细地阐述。这样段落分明、结构清 晰，自然会受到阅卷老师的青睐，起评分自然就会高。当然，如果我们再对句子进行一下整合会更 好。请看整合后的文章：Dear Henry ,I m Li Hua, one of your students

5、.l m writing to invite you to attend the Chinesepaper-cutti ng art exhibiti on .Paper-cutti ng is a traditi onal art form in China,which hasa history of more than 1, 500 years, and I m sure you will like it.The exhibition will be held in the local museunfrom 8: 00 amto 5:00 pmnext Saturday.Some famo

6、us Chinese artists will perform on that day. Mean while, some beautiful paper- cutt ing2works, collected from all over the country, will be on show .If you are in terested in theChinese folk art, you can also join in paper - cutting.l m sure it will be an unforgettableexperie nee for you.Look ing fo

7、rward to your early reply.Yours ,Li Hua由于近几年高考全国卷的书面表达部分基本都是书信，字数均要求100 左右。我们不妨可以把书信按照传统的“三段式”进行划分，有时也可分为四段。按照时间、空间或其他逻辑顺序把相关 联的内容安排在相应的段落内，使层次更清晰，结构更合理。书信最显著的特点除格式外，就是开头段和结尾段。下面我们主要介绍一下书信的开头和结尾。1. 常见书信开头段的写法一一开门见山英语书信的特点是开门见山，用简洁的语言引出文章的主题，使读者清楚文章要说什么。1I am delighted to know you are interested in T

8、ang poems. Now I m writing to tellyou the plan for the next class.（2017 全国卷I）2I d like to ask you to write an article for our school s English newspaper.（2015 全国卷I）2. 常见书信结尾段的写法一一表示期待在书信的结尾处我们常使用一些功能句式，向对方表示友善的感谢或亲切的问候，表达愿望或 期待等。Look ing forward to your early reply.(2017-全国卷n）Hope to hear from you s

9、oon.(2016 -全国卷n）Im looking forward to hearing from you.(2015-全国卷I）、合并调整，句式多样在连句成文时，还会出现句式单调、结构重复或语言冗余等问题。一个句子独立来看是好句子， 但若置于篇章之中未必是适合行文的好句子。因此，需要对这些句子进行适当调整，完善表达。请 看下面的一个片段：First , you can try to communicate with your parents , and you can communicate with your teachers andfriends as well.You can get

10、 along better with them in order that you can let out your anger.You will not hurt themor yourself if you do so.Second, it is important todo regular exercise.You can play football or basketball.Third , it is important to keep high mood.You shouldhave good mood every day.You should also renew your sp

11、irits and release your stress.You can have a goodattitude towards life and enjoy your beautiful life.这是未加润色而直接合并要点句凑成的问题段落，问题主要表现在表达单调，简单句过多，主3要是 you can., you should. , it is importa nt.，这与“句式多样”的要求相去甚远。为避免此类问题，我们可对句子进行优化组合。句 1 和句 2 可以进行合并，即 First , you can try to com muni cate with your pare nts ,

12、 teachers and friendsand get along better with them in order that you can let out your an ger.；句 3 前增力口 In this way ，即 In this way ， you will not hurt them or yourself.；句 4 禾口句 5 进行合并， 同时用 of importanee 替换 important ， 即 Second, it is of importanee to do regularexercise ， such as playing football or

13、basketball.；句 6 改变句子开头方式，即Keeping high mood is good for our mental health.；句 7、 8、 9 也可合并，即 You should have good moodevery day，renew your spirits and release your stressso that you can have a good attitude towards life and enjoy your beautiful life.。通过以上调整，整个段落长短句结合，句子个数减少了，但语句表现力和凝聚力却增强了。对 文章的润色加工，

14、考生要把握以下原则：1. 短语优先原则。在写作中考生要坚持短语优先的原则，考生使用短语有两个好处：一是能增 加句子的亮点；二是在汉语提示少、关键时刻思维短路时，短语可以补救。因此，在写作时，考生 应该学会恰当地运用各类短语，为书面表达增加亮点。2. 句式多变原则。考生一定要注意使用多种句式，避免采用单一的句子结构，切记不要让 there be，and，have，think 等常见词汇泛滥。书面表达的句子并非越长越好，有时，一个短小精辟的句子也可以起到画龙点睛的作用，因此书面表达的写作讲究长短句结合，各种句式交错使用。如果做 到简单句、并列句、三大从句、非谓语动词交替使用，那么文章结构就显得错落

15、有致，表达效果突 出。此外，在书面表达中考生若能恰当使用非谓语结构、倒装句、with 的复合结构等，必然能得高分。应用落实体验A（2017 福州外国语学校高三适应性考试）每年都有许多人出国旅游，一些人的不文明行为引起 了社会的广泛关注。某英语报社正在举行以“文明出国旅游”为主题的讨论。假定你是李华，请你 给报社专栏编辑写一封信，呼吁大家做文明游客。要点如下：1. 尊重习俗；2 .不高声喧哗；3 .其他。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。4Dear Editor ,I ve read your discussi on on

16、how to behave properly whe n traveli ngabroad.5Yours ,Li Hua考生作文Dea Editor ,I_ ve_ read_ you 匚 discussion on_ ow to _behave_properly _when _traveling _abroad. _Every year, a lot of people will go abroad to travel. Somepeople s impolitebehaviorscaused the atte nti on of the society. We should be caut

17、ious about how we act. How to be a civilized tourist hasbecome a heated topic. I think that we should respect and follow local customs. We shouldn t talk loudly inpublic places to avoid disturbing others. We should be aware that queue jump ing is un acceptable in many countries. We should remember t

18、hat we are representing our country while we are travelingabroad. If we can dothese , we can enjoyour trip abroad and have beautiful memories as well.Yours ,Li_Hua段落升格作文Dear Editor ,I_ ve_read your discussion on_how to_ have properly when traveling abroad. _Every year, a great many holidaymakers go

19、abroad for sightseeing and relaxation.Whilethey are enjoying themselves, some of them behave rudely. How to be a civilized tourist has become a heatedtopic.In my opinion, it is necessary to watch our manners. First, we must respect and follow local customs.Besides, we d better not talk loudly in pub

20、lic places to avoid dist urbanee to others. Also, be aware that queuejump ing is un acceptable in many coun tries. More importa ntly, we should bear in mind that we are representing our country while abroad, so we n eed to be cautious about how we act.Only in this way can we enjoy our trip abroad an

21、d have beautiful memories as well.abroad.6Yours ,7Li_HuaB(2017 南宁适应性检测)假定你是李华，你的美国笔友David 对你校开设的一些选修课程(optio nal courses)非常感兴趣，来信向你询问相关事宜。请根据以下内容提示给他写封回信。1 .选修课程包括：英语戏剧、模型制作(model making)等；2 .每门课程的优点；3.你希望增加的课程及理由。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3 .开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear David ,Look ing forward to y

22、our reply.Yours ,Li Hua考生作文Dear David ,I m glad that you re interested in optional courses in our school. Here is somein formati on about each course. Opti on courses contain En glish drama and model makin g. Ify ou are in terested in scie nee, you can choose model makin g. If you want to practice y

23、ouroral En glish, you can choose En glish drama .In model making you can lear n a lot kno wledgeabout science.ln English drama you can learn about different characte rs and also learn how to perform them.Besides, in model making you can learn more about teamwork. I suggest adding a music less on. Lots of students are sufferi ng from the stress of study. It is relax ingfor t