2019年高考英语阅读理解练习试卷(4)

1、2016高考英语阅读理解一轮选练（3）阅读理解。A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct（不同的）species.The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationshi

2、p between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodonto modern elephants the Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.Once they obtained DNAsequences （序歹U）from two fossils （化石）， mammothsand mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their

3、 amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savannaelephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The diverg

4、ence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far

5、 that they are indeed different species.Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants' significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metr

6、es while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and s even tons, roughly double the weight of the for est elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However the proof lay

7、in the analysis of the DNA.Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at theUniversity of Illinois, said,“We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephantsas two different units for conservation purposes. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one spe

8、cies. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority（优先）for conservation purposes.本文讲述了一项新的科学发现：通过对非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象DNA的鉴定，科学家们得出结论：它们是两种不同的物种。我们要保护这些珍稀动物。1. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that ofA

9、. the Asian elephantB. the forest elephantC. the savanna elephantD. the mastodon elephant答案：Do细节理解题。由第3段第一句话“two fossils , mamoths and mastodons”可知D项正确。2. The underlined word “divergence" in Paragraph 4 means "”.A. evolutionB. exhibitionC. separationD. examination答案：Co词义猜测题。科学家门一直在证明非洲森林大象

10、和非洲草原大象是两种不同的物种，他们之间的分歧使科学家们大为惊讶。3. The researchers' conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant's A. DNAB. heightC. weightD. population答案：Ao细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句话"However the proof lay in the analysisof the DNA ” 可知。4. What are Alfred Roca's words mainly about?A. The conserv

11、ation of African elephants.B. The purpose of studying African elephants.C. The way to divide African elephants into two units.D. The reason for the distinction of African elephants.答案：Ao推理判断题。由文章最后一段"for conservation purposes ”可知 A项正确。5. Which of the following can be the best title for the pass

12、age?A. Naturalists' Beliefs about ElephantsB. Amazing Experiments about ElephantsC. An Unexpected Finding about ElephantsD. A Long Scientific Debate about Elephants答案：Co主旨大意题。全文讲述了关于非洲大象的一项意外的发现。阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A B、C D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。During times of trouble, Franklin Delano Roosevelt spoke from a sm

13、all room withouta fireplace in the White House basement to millions of Americans. In his calm and conversational manner, he reassured （使恢复信心） the nation in the depths of theGreat Depression （大萧条） and through a World War.Saul Bellow described his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt, ho

14、ld the nation together, using only a radio and the power of his personality.“I can recall walking eastward on the Chicago Midway- drivers had pulled over, parking bumper to bumper, and turned on their radios to hear Roosevelt. They had rolled down the windows and opened the car doors. Everywhere the

15、 same voice, its odd Eastern accent, which in anyone else would have angered Midwesterners. You could follow without missing a single word as you walked by. You felt joined to these unknown drivers, men and women'The nation needed the assurance of those Fireside Chats, the first of which was del

16、ivered on March 12, 1933. Between a quarter and a third of the work force was unemployed. Every bank in America had been closed for at least eight days. It ' s hard for us to imagine. It was the hardest time of the Great Depression.The “Fireside " was symbolic （象征性的;most of the chats came f

17、rom a small room in the White House basement. Frances Perkins, Roosevelt ' s Secretary of Labor, described the change that would come over him just before the broadcasts:"His facewould smile and light up as though he were actually sitting on the front porch（ 廊）or in the parlor with them. Pe

18、ople felt this, and came to respect and love him.”In that first radio visit, Roosevelt began by explaining how the banking system worked: "When you put money in a bank, the bank does not place the money into a safe deposit vault （金 库房.It invests your money in many different forms of credit bond

19、s, mortgages. " He went on to announce that the banks would reopen the next day.1. The main purpose of the article is to . A. give examples of the power of radio broadcastingB. make people examine their attitudes toward moneyC. suggest that Roosevelt was America ' s greatest presidentD. sho

20、w how Roosevelt reassured Americans during hard times答案解析：答案为 D本题为主旨大意题。纵观全文，本文主要讲述美国总统罗斯福在困难时期如何恢复人们的信心。第一段为本文的中心段落，后面的内容都是围绕本段展开。故答案为D。2. According to the article, the Fireside Chats raised the hopes of Americans because President Roosevelt .A. spoke to them in a friendly and confident toneB. expl

21、ained to them how to invest their moneyC. was open about his own fears for the countryD. used humor to draw their attention away from their problems答案解析：答案为 Ao本文为细节题。从第一段的第二句话“Inhiscalmandconversational manner, .”可知，与此意思最接近的就是选项A。3. The name a Fireside Chats " was probably intended to .A. deman

22、d listeners to protect resourcesB. encourage spirited discussion among listenersC. request people to desire for hope and reassuranceD. persuade Americans to talk with their families答案解析：答案为Co本题为细节题。从文章第四段首句"Thenationneededtheassurance of those Fireside Chats, the first ofwhich was delivered on

23、March 12,1933.”可知，Fireside Chats主要是帮助人们恢复希望和信心。故答案为C=4. Saul Bellow ' s description of his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt shows .A. how popular and encouraging Roosevelt ' s Fireside Chats wereB. how easily Roo sevelt ' s Fireside Chats could be understoodC. what grea

24、t interest general public took in national affairsD. what a hard life Americans had in Great Depression答案 解析：答案 为Ao本题 为细节推断 题。从文章 第二段 “hold the nationtogether,.” 和倒数第二段""His face would smile and l ight up as though hewere actually sitting on the front porch（门廊）or in the parlor with them. P

25、eoplefelt this, and came to respect and love him.可知，罗斯福的Fireside Chats受到人们的欢迎，并鼓舞着人们。【北京市丰台区2014 统一模拟】Whether we should allow marine （ 海洋的） parks to stay open has been widely debatedin our community recently. A variety of different arguments have been put forward about it.Smith, a sociologist, argue

26、d that dolphin parks provide the only opportunity for much of the public to see marine mammals. As this argument goes, most Australians live in cities and never get to see these animals. Marine parks allow the averageAustralian to appreciate our marine wildlife. However, in fact, there are many plac

27、es where they can be seen in the wild. Moreover, these places do not charge an overpriced entry fee they are free.Dr. Alison Lane, the director of the Cairns Marine Science Institute, insists that we need marine parks for scientific research. She argues that much of our knowledge of marine mammals c

28、omes from studies which were undertaken at marine parks. The knowledge which is obtained at marine parks can be useful for planning for the preservation of marine mammalspecies. However, Jones, a zoologist, explains that park research is only useful for understanding captive animals and is not usefu

29、l for learning about animals in the wild. Their diets are different, they have significantly lower life lengths and they are more likely to have a disease. In addition, marine mammals in dolphin parks are trained and this means that their patterns of social behaviour are changed.The Marine Park Owne

30、rs Association holds that marine parks attract a lot of foreign tourists. This position goes on to state that these tourists spend a lot of money, increasing our foreign exchange earnings and assisting our national balance of payments. However, foreign tourists would still come to Australia if the p

31、arks were closed down. Indeed, surveys of overseas tourists show that they come here for a variety of other reasons and not to visit places like Seaworld. Tourists come here to see our nativewildlife in its natural environment and not to see it in cages and concrete pools.They can see animals in tho

32、se conditions in their own countries.In a word, perhaps an agreement cannot be reached now. However, a question does deserve our consideration: If we continue with our past crimes against these creatures, how will our future generations view us?67. Who support(s) the idea of closing marine parks?A.

33、Most Australians. B. Alison Lane. C. Smith. D. Jones.68. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 3 ?A. The results from studies are valuable in animal preservation.B. Scientific research at the marine parks has its limitations.C. Captive animals have biology changes in marine parks.D. Hu

34、man behavior causes harmful effects on the animals.69. Which is NOT the reason to keep marine parks?A. For entertainment purpose. B. For scientific research purpose.C. For economic purpose. D. For political purpose.70. The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by .A. pointin

35、g out the problems with keeping the marine parksB. using evidence he has collected at the marine parksC. discussing the advantages of animals' natural homesD. questioning the way the animals are studied【参考答案】67. D 68. B 69. D 70. A阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A B、C D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。English has become the world&#

36、39;s number one language in the 20th century.In everycountry where English is not the native language, especially in the Third World, people must strive to learn it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries. But many people are concerned

37、thatEnglish's dominance (优势地位)will destroy native languages.A close examination reveals（显示）a great number of languages have fallencasualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, Scotch Gaelic, Irish, native American languages, and many others. Luckily, some of these languages

38、 are now being revived （复苏）,such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them. In the case of Welsh, its revival is so successful that the language is now being used as a medium of insturction in schools and universit

39、ies in Wales.Many leaders of these Third World countries are obsessed with （被迷住）Englishand for them English is everything. They seem to believe that if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable. These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. If thes

40、e leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use English and they feel more at homewith it and proud of their ability as well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leaders' speeches because they are made in a foreign language.All the greatest countries of the world ar

41、e great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, includingeducation. Froma psychological point of view, those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop better selfconfidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the

42、best brains can only be produced if students are educated in their own language from the start. Those who are taught in a foreign language from the start will tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants.There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a f

43、oreign language at advanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a good education in one's native language first, then go abroad to have a university education in a foreign language.1. The main idea of the first paragraph is probably.A. to stress the position of EnglishB. to

44、appeal the protection of native languagesC. to show the importance of grasping English for employeesD. to demonstrate （ 阐述）English is the world ' s number one language答案解析：答案为 Bo本题为主旨题。虽是对第一段的大意提问，但实则是对全文的中心进行定位。考生要确定第一段的主题句(topic sentence).是第一句话"English has becomethe world's number one

45、 language in the 20th century.” 还是该段的最后句话“Butmany people are concerned that English's dominance will destroy native languages. " ？即作者关注的问题是英语还是本国语言？略读后文可知，由于更多的国家 讲英语，很多其他语言已经消失，然而也有一些语言在复苏，同时也谈到了母语对国家和个人的作用。因此，本文的重心是关注本国语言。故答案为Bo2. The revival of Hawaiian and Welsh shows any language will

46、live if it.A. is against foreign language B. is used as a medium in educationC. is taught in schoolsD. is done by dedicated people答案解析：答案为 Do本题为细节题。从第二段 ".and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them. " 可知，答案为D3. The underlined ex

47、pression in paragraph three probably refers toA. they are sure to use English better with their familiesB. they use English better in their countries than in foreign countriesC. their native language is poorer than their EnglishD. they are not afraid that critical audience find their errors答案解析：答案为

48、B。本题为句意推断题。理解该句需要结合上下文。由划线部分的前一句话 "These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. ”可知，这些领导用英语讲话和写作比用本国语言要好，因此可以推断，他们用英语发表演讲的时候，会感觉运用自如.故答案为Bo本题的混淆选项C选项“他们的本国语言比英语要差”强调的是本国语言，而划线部分强调的是领导人的英语运用能力。4. In the opinion of the writer, which statement below is NOT true?

49、A. A native language has great effect on the development of a nation.B. The earlier a person learns a foreign language, the greater his ability will be.C. Learning a foreign language should be arranged in a later time.D. The native language will greatly influence one答案解析：答案为B。本题为推断题。从倒数第二段首句's l

50、ife.All the greatest countries ofthe world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all nationaldevelopment activities, including education. ”可知，所有伟大的国家之所以伟大是因为他们在发展国家的时候使用了本国语言，故答案 A正确。从倒数第二段后部分内容可知，从心理学的角度讲，一开始就学习母语的人会更自信，更独立；从语言学的角度讲，大脑只有在最开始学母语的情况下才能发展最好；而一开始就学外语的人会变成模仿者并缺乏自信

51、。可以推断，作者认为母语对人的生活有影响，外语学习应该安排在后面，而不是越早学外语，一个人的能力就越强。故C、 D 正确，B 错误。阅读理解。The summer I was ten, my mother decided to bring us to the world of art. My brotherand I were not very excited when we realized what my mother meant. What she meantwas not that we could take drawing classes or painting classes bu

52、t that we would have to spend one afternoon a week with her at the Fine Arts Museum. Before each visitto the museum, she madeus read about artists and painting styles（ 风格 ）. It was almost as bad as being in school. Who wants to spend the summer thinking about artists whenyou could be with your friends a