RelativeClause语法讲解1

1、The Relative ClauseI. Some examples of attributive1. an interesting film = a film which / that is interesting2. a boy standing there = a boy who is standing there3. a novel written by a famous writer = a book which was written by a famous writer4. a book on the table = a book which / that is on the

2、table5. something important = something that is important6. people present = people who are present7. I have nothing to do. = I have nothing that I can do.II. 定语从句的概念：在复合句中用来修饰名词或代词的从句。可分为限定性及非限定性定语从句。被从句修饰的词叫做先行词（antecedent）。从句需放在先行词之后。III. 关系代词的用法 关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as起到联系先行词和从句的作用

3、， 同时在从句中担任成分。that: 修饰人或物，可作主语或宾语which: 修饰物，可作主语或宾语who/ whom: 修饰人, who 在从句中充当主语或宾语whom充当宾语whose： (所有格，作定语), as： ( 常及 the same, such, as连用)一、 关系代词在从句中担任主语或及物动词的宾语1. which(1) A chemists shop is a shop which / that sells medicine.(2) The film (which / that) we saw last nigh is wonderful.(3) The book (wh

4、ich/ that) you want is on the desk.(4) This is the school (which /that) he visited the day before yesterday.(5) Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for?2. that(1) A plane is a machine that / which can fly.(2) Who is the man that is standing over there?(3) Which is the book that you are loo

5、king for?(4) The letter ( that / which) I received yesterday was from my sister.3. who, whom(1) The man who/ that visited our school yesterday is a headmaster.(2) The man (whom / that) you spoke to just now is our maths teacher.(3) Whos the comrade ( whom ) you shook hands with?4. whose修饰人或物均可, 在从句中

6、充当定语(1) Wang Fang is the student whose house caught fire last night.(2) The book whose cover is red is mine.5. as(1) I need such books as are useful to me.(2) Such books as we talked about yesterday are very useful.(3) Ill buy the same dress as you bought yesterday.(4) This is the same key that I lo

7、st yesterday.Note: 1、当先行词在从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略。2、which, that 在一般情况下可以替换。3、当先行词在从句中作主语时， 应该注意从句中的谓语动词及其保持一致。（1）The child who is reading there is the monitor.（2）The children who are reading there are from class Four（3）He is one of the students who know money matters.（4）He is the one of the students who kno

8、ws money matters.一些特殊情况1. 只用that 的场合(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时a. He told me all that he knew.b. They had done everything that they could.c. He saw much that was bad.(2)先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时a. Ive read all the books that he len

9、t me.(3) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时a. Its the only book that I like.b. Its the very key that Im looking for.c. The last place that we visited was the chemical works.(4)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时a. This is the best film that Ive ever seen.(5)当两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的名词时，引导定语从句必须用that，而不用who, whom 或

10、 whicha. They talked for an hour about things and persons that they remembered.(6) 当主句是以who或 which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句要用that，而不用 who，whom或 whicha. Who is the person that is standing over there?b. Which is the book that interests him most?(7)time作先行词，前面如有序数词或last修饰时，引导定语从句不能用when ，只能用that 或两个都不用。但前面如没有序数词或

11、 last修饰时，既可用when，也可用that.a. This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.b. I dont know the exact time when / that the sports meet will be held.c. The first time I wrote a letter in English, I made a lot of mistakes.2. 只用which的一些场合(1)介词后只用 whicha. This is the factory in which he worked t

12、en years ago.(2)非限制性定语从句中只用whicha. I saw a film, which was about the First World War.b. The sun gives us heat and light, which makes it possible for plants to grow.3. 定语从句的关系代词指人时不宜用that而宜用who 的情况。(1)先行词为one, ones , anyone等人称代词时a. Anyone who wants to go to college must study hard.b. He who laughs la

13、st laughs best.(2)先行词为those时a. Those who are not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.(3) 当先行词是人称代词时（1）He who helps himself will be helped by God.二、关系代词担任从句中介词的宾语（1）The professor ( that / who / whom) we were talking about will give us a lecture on school edu

14、cation.= The professor about whom we were talking will give us a lecture on school education.（2）It is a topic ( that / which ) well take great interest in.= It is a topic in which well take great interest .（3）The tool with which he is working is very heavy.= The tool which he is working with is very

15、 heavy.（4）American women usually identify their best friend as someone _D they can talk frequently. （04上海高考）A. who B. as C. about whom D. with whom（5）In the dark street there wasnt a single person to whom he could turn for help. (02上海高考 )Fill in the blanks.1. This is the comrade about whom you were

16、talking.2. He is the comrade from whom we have learned a lot.3. The train on which we were traveling was late.4. This is the way in which / that I did it.5. I couldnt find a single person to whom I could turn for help.6. This is the book (which / that ) Im looking for.Note:像 look for, look after等这些词

17、组，介词和动词不能拆开。三、由关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句1 关系副词when, where, why代替先行词在从句中作时间状语， 地点状语，原因状语， 有时可省略2 关系副词可转化为介词+ which的结构（1）I will remember the day when / on which I entered the college.（2）This is the school where / at which well stay for three years.（3）This is the reason why / for which he was late.3

18、分清先行词在从句中的不同功能(1) This is the school where well stay for three years.This is the school which well visit.(2) Ill remember the day when I entered the college.Ill remember the days which we spent together.(3) This is the reason why he was late.This is the reason which he gave me for being late. 四、限定性及

19、非限定性定语从句的用法差异限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分， 主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思的完整。用逗号把主句和从句分开。a. He has a son who serves in the army.He has a son, who serves in the army.b. I was the only person in the office who was invited.c. I have lost my pen, which I like very much.d. The first modern Olymp

20、ic Games were held in Athens, which was the capital of Greece.e. Last year I visited the United States, where my father is studying.f. Our teacher Jane, who is very patient, wins the hearts of her students.五、易犯错误的几种情况：(1). Its the place that we visited yesterday. Its the place where we once lived.(2

21、) Do you remember the day when we spent our holidays together? Do you remember the day that / which we spent together?3. Is this the museum that you visited yesterday? Is this museum the one which / that you visited yesterday?4. The reason why he was late was that he got up late. I dont believe the

22、reason which / that he gave me.5. This is one of the books that / which are written on it. This is the only one of the books that is written on it.6. Those who study hard will succeed.7. He / anyone who works hard will succeed.8. He told me the news that our football team had won. The news that he t

23、old me was not true.9. As is known to all, he is a famous scientist. It is known to all that he is a famous scientist.10. He has three sons, all of whom are doctors. He has three sons and all of them are doctors. Practice: Joining each of the following pairs of sentences into one complete sentence1.

24、 Do you know the man? He gave us the talk yesterday. Do you know the man who gave us the talk yesterday?2. A postman is a man. He delivers letters. A postman is a man who delivers letters.3. A sewing machine is a machine. It is used to make clothes. A sewing machine is a machine which / that is used

25、 to make clothes.4. The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday. The book (which / that ) I bought yesterday is very interesting.5. Do you know the girl? The girls eyes are big and bright. Do you know the girl whose eyes are big and bright?6. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer. T

26、his is the boy whose sister is a famous singer.7. The boy studies hard. You met him just now. The boy ( whom ) you met just now studies hard.8. Who is the man? You are looking for the man. Who is the man ( whom )you are looking for?9. There will be a day. People can fly into the moon that day. There

27、 will be a day when people can fly into the moon.10. The village has greatly changed. We worked there two years ago The village where we worked two years ago has greatly changed.11. What is the reason? You must study foreign languages. What is the reason why you must learn foreign languages.12. The

28、knife is not mine. You sharpened the pencil with it. The knife with which you sharpened the pencil is not mine.13. I dont know the girl. You are living with the girl. I dont know the girl with whom you are living.As 用法归纳1 在限定性定语从句中充当主语或宾语，常及the same, such, as连用 （1）I have the same trouble as you (hav

29、e ).（2）I feel just the same as you do.（3）Such books as you read are meaningless.（4）Such English as is spoken here is not British.（5）It is such a modern machine as few workers can operate.(It is such a modern machine that few workers can operate it).2 在非限定性定语从句中代替整个句子，无明显的先行词，可译为“正如”（1）As is known to

30、 all, traffic keeps to the left in Britain.（2）He didnt agree with his friend, as could be expected.词组：as is said above, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper, as is mentioned above 3及which在非限定性定语从句中的用法差异(1) 含义不同，as可译为“正如”，而which没有此含义a. He was late again, as was often the ca

31、se.b. He was late again, which made the teacher very angry.(2)位置不同，as可位于句中或句首或句末，而which只能位跟在主句后面(3) 功能不同，as代替整个句子，而which可代替整个句子或者某个先行词,如：a. I lost my pen, which I like very much.b. He said he was very busy, which was not true.Special examples1. There are some students in the room, some of whom are r

32、eading.There are some students in the room. Some of them are reading.2. You spent more money than was intended to be spent.3. There is no one but ( = who / that not ) likes the film.当way作先行词时a. Thats the way ( in which / that ) I look at it.b. I am looking for a way that nobody has ever used. 在某些句型中

33、不用whenEvery / Each time the phone rings, he feels nervous.Come any time you like.相似句型辨析1. He made a promise _ he would come to see me as soon as possible.2. The promise _ he made was very funny.3. We should go _ working conditions are difficult.We should go to the place _ working conditions are diff

34、icult.4. Could it be in the restaurant in _ you had dinner with me yesterday _ you left behind your keys and wallet?5. Its known to all that the earth is round.As is known to all, the earth is round. That及what的替换, 及what 的特殊用法1. Thank you for the gift. This is exactly what I wanted.= Thank you for th

35、e gift. This is exactly the thing that I wanted.2. He isnt what he used to be.= He isnt the person that he used to be.3. Parks are to the city what lungs are to the body.4. Virtue is to the soul what health is to the body.带有插入成分的定语从句1. Jack is a man who I believe is honest.2. Jack is a man whom I be

36、lieve to be honest.3. He made another important discovery, _ of great importance. (98上海高考) A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is4. The girl _ we supposed to be injured in the accident came back safe and sound. A. who B. whom C. that D. with whom典型习题1.(a) _ has

37、been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. (03上海春考) (b) _ has been announced that we shall have our final exams next month. A. That B. As C. It D. What2.(a) It was for this reason _ her uncle moved out of NewYork. (01上海春考) (b) Lack of courage was the reason _ he failed again and again

38、. A. why B. that C. which D. for which3. (a) He made a promise _ he would never be able to keep. (b) He made a promise _ he would keep the secret. A. that B. which C. what D. as4. (a) You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. (b) You should make it a rule to leave things i

39、n the place _ you can find them again. A. where B. in which C. in where D. which5. (a) This machine is such an advanced one _ no one can operate . (b) This machine is such an advanced one _ no one can operate it. A. as B. that C. which D. soExercises:1. He took all _ was here and left nothing.A. wha

40、t B. which C. that D. /2. Im one of the boys _ never late for school.A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is3. Do you know that girl_ wearing a red dress?A. whose B. who C. whom D. whos4. Her sister, _ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.A. whom B. that C. which D. /5. The old man _ yeste

41、rday is a scientist.A. I spoke B. I spoke to C. whom I spoke D. that I spoke to him6. The young man _ is an engineer of our factory.A. that you just talked B. you just talked toC. whom you just talked D. you just talked to him7. The house _ roof was damaged has now been repaired.A. whos B. whose C.

42、that D. of which8. These books are for students _ native language is not English.A. of whom B. that C. which D. whose9. The second book _ I want to read is “ Travels in China”.A. which B. what C. that D. as10. The boy handed everything _ he had picked up in the street to the police.A. which B. that

43、C. what D. whatever11. Ive never been to Beijing , but its the place _.A. I most want to visit B. where I like to visitC. in which Id like to visit D. that I want to visit it most12. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother language.A. that B. which C. of which C. what13. You may borrow an

44、y book _.A. that you interest B. which you are interestedC. that interests you D. which interests you14. Guilin is the most beautiful place _ people all over the world want to visit.A. where B. that C. which D. what15. The dictionary _ is on sale in the bookshop.A. you need B. what you need C. which

45、 you need it D. that you need it16. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A. which B. where C. in which D. from which17. The continent _ I visited last year was not the one _ I once worked.A. which; where B. which; which C. where; which D. where; where18. Is this museum _ they visited last mon

46、th?A. that B. where C. which D. the one19. Is this the museum _ they visited last month?A. when B. where C. which D. the one20. _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised.A. Anyone B. The boy C. The one D. The one who21. I shall be surprised if he does this the same way _ I do.A. as B. like C. which D

47、. that22. _ is known to all, oil and water dont mix up.A. It B. What C. Which D. As23. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others ,_, of course, made the others unhappy.A. which B. that C. what D. who24. The girl _ injured in the accident came back safe and sound.A. who w

48、e supposed B. whom we supposed she wasC. who we supposed was D. whom we supposed25. Thats _ Ive seen and heard.A. what B. all which C. all what D. all of which26. China isnt _ it used to be.A. that B. what C. where D. how27. Einsteins most famous theory is _ we call the Theory of Relativity.A. what

49、B. that C. which D. how28. It wasnt such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. that B. which C. as D. what29. On the bus I saw a student _ I thought was your brother.A. who B. whom C. which D. he30. All _ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A. what is needed B. for our needsC. t

50、he thing needed D. that is needed31. There is a mountain _ the top is always covered with snow.A. of that B. of which C. whose D. its32. Im sorry I have lost the book _ for me last week.A. you bought it B. which you bought itC. you bought D. what you bought33. She still remembers the days _ she spen

51、t I the countryside.A. while B. which C. when D. during which34. The beautiful place _ we spent our holiday lies at the foot of the mountain.A. where B. that C. which D. what35. She had two daughters, _ became doctors.A. all of them B. all of whom C. both of them D. both of whom36. The shop I bought

52、 a new dress _ yesterday has been pulled down.A. in B. on C. / D. during37. The reason _ Im writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.A. because B. why C. for D. which38. That is the reason _ he gave us for carrying out the plan.A. because B. why C. how D. which39. Do you remember the day _ I came to you to borrow a dictionary/A. that B. which C. when D. whereMORE DIFFIUCLT ONES1. In my old school album are pictures of some teachers _ cant be found in yours.A. which B