高三英语二轮复习专题学案：高频考点5阅读理解作者意图题指导

1、施丁解牛阅读理解题目中的作者意图题目可以包括意图、态度、目的题目,在考试中出现的比率很大°不同的文章可能有不同的写作意图:叵写作意图通常有以下三种:1） to -ertamreaders （娱乐卡匕让人发笑）工tcpu0iad士 ruadtrs （说服读者接受百种现点】” to :lead古，（告知读者某些信息）根据文体类别推断写作目的这就要求我们了解在历年高考阅读题中，不同文体马三种写作意图类型的大致对应关系，这寻助于做好此类试题。第一种原作意图（tc entertainreaders）常见于故事类的文章.第二种写作意图（【。persuade readers? to se<i

2、 a product ' a service）,或是要通过对旅游景点、报刊杂志、影片、电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目 的：吸引更多的游客、读者或订户、观众等（to attract more visit。二5 readers audience）«第 三种写作意图do inform readers）多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的文章，了 解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或 较好地对主题加以归纳.例 1（2012 全国 II）Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can b

3、e hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter （住所）as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There a

4、re things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you1 re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they

5、have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with sh

6、elter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pefs water. Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink. Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.44.

7、 What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem. B. To give practical advice.C. lb tell an interesting story. D. To present a research result.点拨B作者意图题。有第一段最后一句话There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.及二、二段可知选 B。例2 （2012 四川）On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land,

8、we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour b

9、efore. Each look reminds us where we are.There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even

10、a passing interest, maple（枫叶） makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest i

11、s water, they never say anything against that.The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars'（杨树）putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smell fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappea

12、rs, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and （lies over the lake.42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that. A. the kids like playing in treesB. the kids are very familiar with treesC. the kids have

13、 learned much knowledgeD. the kids find trees useful learning tools点拨C作者目的苞图。根据第四段的第二句：As they tell all who show even a passing interest,可以推断出，作若提到这么多树木的名字，说明了孩子们学到了很多。故答案C符 合文意。小试牛刀I.段落练习Exercise 1Do you enjoy reading? Do you read newspapers or magazines? Chanres are: if ou do an;: of these acxiviu

14、es, your pre-school child is on his way io becoming a reader.The process of teaming to read is complex, and one of the most irrpoctant things to knew is that parents can help their children learn to read. As children have conversations adults, they hear both new and familiar ,words and thfirvocabula

15、n, grows.The more children get connected with talking, listening, reading and ±e easier it is for them。become active readers. Vhi：u you as a parent have a b；g influence on thusu eariy behaviors.止 is important to remember that opportunities for literacy experiences happen when you and your child

16、 sharf m the bisic routines of evrn-day lif?.Question:The passage is written toA. talk about parents* influence on their children* s behaviorB. encourage parents to set a good example to their childrenC. advise parents to make reading a part of their children* s daily lifeD. make parents believe in

17、the importance of early reading Exercise 2A computer virus is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and runs against your wishes. All computer viruses are manmade. Here are some virus prevention tips.Question :This passage mainly tells us.A. What a compu

18、ter vims isB. howto use e-mail safelyC howto use computers safelyD. hoxvw prevent computer virusesExercise 3Doctors in Britain are warning of an obesity tune bomb, whrn children who are a*:eidy ovfrwuighi grow up. So. what should we do Exercise more Eat less? Or both? The goT eimnent feels it has to

19、 take responsibilm- for this expanding problem.The cheerful Mr. Pickwick, the hero of the novel by Charles Dickens 3 seen in explaining as someone who is plump and happy In 18th century paintings beaur/ is equated mth rounded bodies and soft curves （曲线）.But nowadays being overweight is seen as indic

20、ating neither a cheerflil character nor beauty but an increased risk of heart disease and diabetes （罹尿病）. Qxiestion:Mr Pickwick and paintings beauty of 18th century are used as examples to show that.A. fatness was considered something good at one timeB. a fat man is a cheerful characterC. beauty sho

21、uld be overweightD. fatness leads to an increased risk of diseasesExercise 4Wilson's doctors suggested he take the drug Sutent, but the NHS （英国国名健身保 险制度）refused to fund the £ 3,500-a-month bill. Only last month, Wilson wrote in the Daily Mirror, "I love the NHS. I love the nurses, assi

22、stants and doctors who looked after me with such care and devotion. Tve been paying NHS contributions since my first job at 17. They'll give me a facelift but will not pay for the drug which will treat my cancer1'. Question :By telling his own experience about the NHS , Wilson showed thatA.

23、he loved the NHSB. the NHS should pay for the drag, Sutent, which would treat himC. people should pay larger contributions to the NHSD. he had made no contributions to the NHSII.篇章练习Exercise 1Sometimes known as "The Big Apple*' or "The City That Never Sleeps'1, New York is both the

24、 most populous city in the USA and a leading center of business, commerce, finance and media. The city is often referred to as "New York City"，in order to distinguish it from the state it is in. The city is part of a large metropolitan （大都市的）area, and the combined city population is beyond

25、 18.7 million.New York City is made up of five boroughs （行政区）and another nickname of the city is “The Five Boroughs11. The five boroughs are: The Bronx. Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island.There are many famous buildings and sights in New York, especially in Manhattan.These include the Emp

26、ire State Building, the Flatiron Building and the United Nations Building. When you visit New York, make sure you see Central Park. Times Square, Chinatown. Little Italy and of course the Statue of Liberty. Additionally, there are many wonderful museums in New York, some truly excellent shops, some

27、of the world's best theaters in the Broadway area, and the neighborhoods of Greenwich Village and SoHo which are well-known for the artists who reside there.Getting around New York City is simple - the city's subway network is one of the most comprehensive in the world, connecting all parts

28、of Manhattan in rapid time.However, the best way to see New York is undoubtedly on foot. Central Park is an ideal place to start a walking tour of New York City -843 acres of shining ponds and lush greenery attract locals and tourists. And apart from offering breathtaking scenery,Jt is a centre for

29、recreation. Visitors can listen to music groups, watch performers, walk along the trails and even take a romantic ride in a horse carriage.Question:What is the purpose of this passage?A. To explain why New York is called “The Big Apple*.B. To tell people how to visit New York.C. To tell people the h

30、istory and scenery of New York.D. To introduce the city - New York briefly.Exercise 2His OnWay to Express LoveYesterday v/as our three-year amuversar: We dids t do aaythuig ioman:;c; we jusi walked hand in hand and talked about our past and the Thisv. as p【utty much 宣hat I had expect!Andy is an unrc

31、mantic guy： no sweet -oils oi roses. Smarted as he is5 he is a little bit shy expressing his love. On the contrary am an outspoken girl who likes to show her feelings directly. So needless to say, I often feel that he is insensitive. I eny other girls who are suxiouaded bv sv.-eet word>.I was in

32、his sullen mood until I heard a beautiful sentence one dav: "If one does not love you the way you like. it does not mean that he does not love you/' This simple but sensible s.en>ace made me ±:nk about our happy days and recall h:s deep concern for me.One cold winter night I got a h

33、igh fever. He hurried to my dcimiton- and took me tc die hospital. He v/as in such i hurry that he even forgot to wear socks. After arrival, he ran through the hospital handling all the formalitie-s （手续.When I was put on a drip （点滴he to：d me interesting stories to make me happy. Being held in. tns v

34、；arm arms and listening to his gentlevoice, I had never felt so safe and comfortable. Gradually, I fell asleep. When I woke up 15 minutes later, he was still whispering to me. He explained that if he had stopping talking I would have woken up. At that moment, I found love in his eyes.Another time, I

35、 had a bad quarrel with my best friend. Although I knew it was my fault, I refused to admit it. I was very angry when he insisted I apologize to her. He said that it was difficult to admit a mistake, but this was what everyone should do. The next morning, I apologized to my friend for her forgivenes

36、s.My unromantic boyfriend cares about my health like my father, understands me likemy mother and helps me like my elder brother.Question:The writer tells the reader two stories to show thatA Andy is a romantic guy.B Andy has his own way to express love.C Andy is an insensitive guy.D. Andy is a fooli

37、sh guy.帮你归纳（一）这种题型常见的提问形式有：The writer writes this passage in order to.The writers purpose of writing this passage is to.What is the purpose of writing this article?In writing the passage, the author intends to.The writer uses the example of.to show that.The writer uses the two questions at the begin

38、ning of the passage to.are mentioned in the first paragraph to.（二）阅读推断题思路及技巧：作者的语气态度往往不会宜接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段 中体会出来。1 .这类询问济气态度的考题中，选择项里常出现以下一些重要的词：npathetic同情的； critical 批评的；doubtfUI 怀疑的；ob.iuctiv亡客观的；mthusiastic 热情的，matter-of-fact 求是的；hostile敌对的；5ausfkd满意的；Riendt友好的；冷淡的；subi3mMe主 双的5 opumi

39、suc乐观的；pes为mistic悲观的；出冽口皿式失望的？ neutra.中立的。2 .询问写作目的的题，选择项里常出现的词是：explain解释；persuade劝说g commwit评论b criticize批评:imerest引起的注意或兴趣; entertam使欢乐m argue辩论；demonstrate举例说明，示范；tell讲述；pra节证明；urge激 动；adeise劝告；analyzu分析；praise赞扬;view看待等等.3 .把握作者的态度、意图、目的，推测文章的深层含义是一项非室复杂的智力活动，离要 我们具有很强的推理、判断和逻辑概括能力。推理就是要在对文革或段落

40、整件理解的基础上， 可根据某一关腱句，经过逻辑判断，达到由旧而知新，由前而知后，由此而知彼，由表而知 里。4 .掌握推理的最隹方法就是在推理中学习推理，多读文章，多做阅读理解题中有关作者的 意图及文章的深层含义的题目，在不断的实践中总结经蛤，形成自己的推理风格和特点.尽量选取不同体裁和内容的的文章，熟悉各自不同的侧重点，通过文章线索来分析和判断作 者的意图和所表达的现点。答案速递1.1. Co作者意图题。根据文章末句可知文章的目的是告诉家长要培养孩子成为好的读者， 应该把读书的行为贯穿在口常生活中，使之成为孩子们每天例行要做的事情。2. De本题是考查作者意图题目，通过分析这篇文章是总分结构，

41、通过Here are some virus prevention tips可以得知答案为D3. A 由第二段 “The cheerful Mr Pickwick”paintings beauty is equated with rounded bodies ”可知，Mr Pickwick和paintings beauty都是当时人们崇尚的东西。4. B根据本段中I've been paying NHS contributions since my first job at 17. They'll give me a facelift but will not pay for t

42、he drug which will treat from my cancer.可知 Wilson 希望 NHS 为药物付 款。IL 1.D。作者意图题目。通过文章的层次结构，我们知道第一段介绍了纽约的概况，下面分别介绍了她的五个区、旅游胜地、交通等。故选D.2.B.本题问：作者告诉读者这两个故事来表示什么？大多数考生拿到题就想，考查作者的 意图，应该通读全文掌握大意或者阅读文章最后两段寻找表现作者意图的句子或者词语"旦 是考生需要注意的是看齐题目不要急着回到文章寻找，而是看看选项，是否根据选项就能判 断出正确答案，比如通过排除法，对比法等等，所以这道题一样，看完题目看选项。很容易

43、看到选项B中出现了标题的内容His Own V.ay to Express Love.选项与文章标题几乎完全一 样，既然标题能揭示一篇文章的主旨，那么这里肯定正确选项就是瓦单词百宝箱appreciation n.感谢，感激.正确讲侪，欣赏.噌值V/e offer this small token by v/ay of appruciation.我们赠送这小小的礼物以表谢意 literacy n.识字能力，有文化I cant believe that he failed the literacy-test, for he is sj u：oquent_我无法相信他识字测试不及格, 因为他的口才很

44、好.routine- n.例行公事It's just a routine medical examination; nothing to get worried about.这只是例行的体格检 查,没有什么可担心的。plump adj.（指动物、人）圆胖的；丰满的She is plump without being fat.她 K得丰满但并不肥胖。equate%使相等,数视为平等My grandfather often equates inexperience with youth.我爷爷经常把年轻和缺乏经验相等 同起来comprehensive adj.广泛的，综合的；The gov

45、ernment gave a comprehensive explanation of its plans for industry.政府对其工业 发展计划做了全面的解释。lush adj.青葱的，繁荣的Trains pass through the lush countryside.火车通过苍翠繁茂的乡卜。 anniversary n.周年纪念I gave him a handsome present at the anniversary of his birthday.在他生 11 那天我送给他 一份很好的礼物。sullen adj.沉沉不乐的A sullen look shaded hi

46、s face.他因不快而沉下脸来。时文阅读The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a looming （逼近）hunger crisis in poor countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat,

47、corn and rice prices increases combined with soaring energy costs will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even undermine （破 坏）political stability, as evidenced by the protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Practical soluti

48、ons to these growing woes do exist, but well have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.So, what should be done? Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and avert （防止,避免）the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale-up （按比例增加，扩 大）the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-pr

49、one （遭遇饥荒）country in southern Africa,whichthreeyearsagoestablished a special fund to help its farmers get ferthizer and high-yield seds. Malawi's harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund bas?d on the Malawi mode: v;ou.d cost a mere SlOper person annually in the rich world, or S10 billion in all.Second, the U.S. and Europe should abandon ther policies of subsidizing （给辛卜助金） the conversion of food into