第五部分句子翻译技巧下ppt课件

1、第五章：句子翻译技巧下l 教学目的：要求熟练了解句子的翻译技巧，从而在英汉翻译时做到照射、准确。l 教学内容：l 重译法l 语态变换法l 词序调整法l 拆译法l 翻译练习2第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法 Among the eight translation techniques, there exist one called “the change of the voices. Actually, the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the w

2、riting of science and technology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or known, the passive voice is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences i

3、n English have to be turned into active sentences in Chinese. In fact, a translator tries to render the passive sentences into Chinese active sentences as many as possible. But the version must be made idiomatic and smooth, not ambiguous or abstruse. This is a problem which is worth our attention.th

4、e change of the voices语态变换法语态变换法 3第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法A . 把被动语态译成汉语被动句把被动语态译成汉语被动句1) The company was enjoined from using false advertising.这家商号被制止运用虚伪广告。这家商号被制止运用虚伪广告。 2) Up to now, sulphur dioxide has been regarded as one of the most serious of these pollutants.到目前为止，二氧化硫不断被看作是这些污到目前为止，二氧化硫不断

5、被看作是这些污染物中最严重的一种。染物中最严重的一种。TIP:当句中不出现行为主体时，有时可以在谓语前运用“被字来表示被动意义4第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法3) All around, the hill were black with oil, and some were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray. 周围，由于蒙上了一层油，山峦是黑色的，有的山峦那么被天然气和在风中飘洒的喷油遮挡住了。4) The thrust force of an airplane is produced by the propeller. 飞机的推力

6、由螺旋桨所产生。TIP: 在行为主体前运用“被、“由、“受、“给等字,在这类句子中，在“被、“由、“受、“给等字后面，在动词前面，有一个名词作为该动词的逻辑主语。5第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法 运用“是的表语构造；或“为所句型，偏重阐明一件事情是怎样做或什么时候、什么地点做的等等。例如：5) Poets are born, but orators are made.诗人是天生的，而演说家那么是后天培育的。6). Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down.沙滩上的脚印是走出来的。喻“不身膂力行

7、缺乏以成事7). In his late thirties he was almost knocked down in his despondency of the unsuccessful career.近四十岁时，由于事业上的波折，他几乎为失意所毁。6第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法8) The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles.运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。9) . These signals is used to indicate which data is to be read into th

8、e CPU. 这些信号用来指示哪些数据是将读入。10). The feature of ENIAC can be summed up in one word: huge.ENIAC 的特点可用一个字“大来概括。 Tip: 运用“加以、“予以或“用来 字样 表达被动含义。7第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法1). His pride must be pinched.他这股傲气应该打下去。2).The result of the invention of the stream engine was that human power was replaced by mechanic

9、al power.蒸汽机发明的结果是，机械力替代了人力。B . 把被动语态译成汉语自动句把被动语态译成汉语自动句Tip：当英语被动句中的主语是无生命的名词，而且句中普通没有由介词by引导的行为主体时，这种句子经常可译成汉语的自动句，而不需加什么词。当被动句中有地点状语，由介词“by引导的方式状语以及“from等表示的其它状语时，有时可把这种状语译成主语，将介词省略，而把原主语译成宾语，这样，就更符合汉语的习惯。如例28第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法C. 把被动语态译成汉语无主句把被动语态译成汉语无主句1). Wrongs must be righted when they

10、 are discovered. 发现了错误一定要矫正纠正。2). If water is heated, the molecules move more quickly.假设把水加热，水分子就运动得更快。D. 习惯译法习惯译法1). Its believed that her plans for a movie career had all been merely a pipe dream.有人说她那些当明星的方案全都是些非非遐想罢了。英语中以it 做方式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的构造很多。这种构造在译成汉语时，除把it一概省略外，通常有两种处置方法：在被动

11、语态前加“人们、“有人、“我们、“大家等词用“据等短语译出9第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting.据估计，美国人终身中, 在乏味而令人腻烦, 却又躲避不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做方式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比比皆是，汉译时普通均按自动构造译出。即将原文中的主语从句译在宾语

12、的位置上，而把it做方式主语的主句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定构造如：英语中以it 做方式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的构造很多。这种构造在译成汉语时，除把it一概省略外，通常有两种处置方法：在被动语态前加“人们、“有人、“我们、“大家等词用“据等短语译出10第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法It is generally accepted that 普通以为；大家公认It is alleged that 人们断言It is asserted that 有人主张断定It is understood that 人们了解；不用说 It must

13、be realized that 必需了解认识、明白 It is said that 听说；普通以为 It is suggested that 有人建议11第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法 It is believed that 据信；人们大家置信 It is claimed that 有人人们主张；人们要求 It is declared that 据声称；人们声称 It cannot be denied that 不可否认 It is estimated that 据估计推算 It has been found that 曾经发现；实际证明 It must be kept

14、 in mind that 必需记住 It is known that 众所周知；大家知道 It has been objected that 有人反驳 It is predicted that 据估计；据估计 It is reported that 据报道；据报告说12第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法1. The dockers were seen unloading the chemical fertilizer from S.S. “Apollo.2. The Finnish Trade Mission was given a warm welcome by their counterparts.3. Our reasonable price has already been accepted by Sears, which will lead to further business.4今天邀大家来开座谈会，目的是要和大家交换意见， 5只需他方把现有订货量增至我们所确定的最低数字，我们才干供货。13第五章：翻译技巧第五章：翻译技巧语态变换法语态变换法1有人看见码头工人正从有人看见码头工人正从“阿波罗号轮船卸化肥。阿波罗号轮船卸化肥。2芬兰贸易代表团遭到同行们的热烈欢迎。芬兰贸易代表团遭到同行们的热烈欢迎。3我方合理的价钱已由