初中英语核心词汇用法祥解

1、真诚为您提供优质参考资料，若有不当之处，请指正。few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系： few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有； a few表示有肯定意思， 有几个。 例如： He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。 a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。 例如： There

2、 is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？ 问1. My father has many books, but he has_ English books. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few Answer 2. The twins can speak only _ French. A. a few B. few C. little D. a little Answer 析 1. few 与 little 作形容词用，都表示“几乎没有”，

3、相当于一个否定词。具体区别： (1) few 后面跟复数可数名词。 e.g. few books few students (2) little 后面跟单数不可数名词。 e.g. little water little food e.g. He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 They has little money. 他们没有什麽钱 2. a few 与 a little 都表示肯定的意思，指“有一点，有一些”。具体区别： (1) a few 后加可数名词复数 （2）a little 后加不可数名词单数。 e.g. Im going to buy a few banan

4、as. I can speak only a little Chinese. 3. a little 与 little 也可以用作副词， 表示“有点”“稍稍” 表示“很少” e.g. -Can you speak English? -Yes, but only a little. This book is a little more difficult than that one. （ 可修饰形容词比较级） She slept little last night. 昨天晚上，她没有怎么睡觉。very与muchvery与much表示“很”，“非常”。不能用very来作修饰词,只能用much来作修

5、饰词very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级; much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级，修饰动词要用much或very much. She said she was much better than before. 她说她比过去好多了。 I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。so与suchso与such表示“如此”，“这么”，“那么”1) so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，但名词前可以有形容词定语。I cant be here so early. 我不能这么早到这儿。Ive never seen such fine drawings. 我从未见过如此精美的图画。2)

6、 so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数可数名词，其结构是so + adj. + a/an + n.试比较：She is so good a girl.She is such a good girl3) 如果可数名词复数前有many, few或不可数名词前有much, little等表示数量多少的形容词时，用so而不用such。Im afraid that hell forget it if he misses so many lessons. 我担心的是，如果他耽误这么多的课程他会忘掉的。Miss Zhao got so little money a month. 赵老师每月只领这么少的钱。4)

7、“so +助动词+主语”表示前面的陈述也适用于后者，意为“也一样”。People in England eat a lot of potatoes.So do we. too, also与eithertoo, also与either表示“也(不)”We also have eleven players in a team. 注意，too有时也用于否定疑问句中，但表示肯定语气。Cant you see Ive got teeth, too? ago与before ago与before, 表示“在以前”ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，before指在过去或将来的某时刻“以前”或泛指“以前”。Wh

8、en did you have a meeting ?Three days ago.Mr Smith said that John had told him all about his past three weeks before.enjoy 能否用于现在进行时？表示心理状态的词语一般都不用现在进行时，这个词和love, like差不多。 next to 与near next to有一个次序的含义在内，并且是单线型的near只是表示附近，不远，范围可大，可小，并且是辐射型的e.g. ：she lives next to my door.她住在我隔壁。（房间有次序的朝一个方向挨着）She li

9、ves near my house.她住在我家附近。（可能是我的邻居，可能不是，因为范围稍大一些）street . road. avenue road ,street 与avenue都有路的意思，但是它们各自的含义和范围有所不同，1 Street街,街道 主要是指村落或都市中两边有房屋的街道或马路2 Road路,道路 常指城市或乡村之间可供车辆或行人通过的宽阔而又平坦的大路，这种路两旁有无房屋皆可。2 Avenue通道,大街，林荫路 在英国指通往乡村住宅，两旁栽树的小路。在美国主要指宽阔而繁华的林荫大街，两旁有着华丽的住宅或林立的建筑物。在加拿大，street多是在老城区，road和avenu

10、e多是在后来扩展的地区，比如Toronto downtown以外地区，road是南北向，avenue是东西向。 pretty 、 beautiful 与good-looking handsome也是要和它们相区别开的beautiful意为“美丽的，漂亮的”（giving pleasure or delight to the mind or sense），指给人以极大的愉快，几乎达到理想的美，指人时仅用于女性和小孩；pretty“漂亮的，可爱的”（esp.of a woman, a child, on a small fine thing, pleasing or nice to look at

11、, listen to, etc）,多指女性，小孩 或小而漂亮的东西，并不表示完美无缺的意思，而着重表示“可爱”；handsome“漂亮的， 英俊的”（esp. of man） good-looking, of attractive appearance, （esp. of woman） attractive with a firm, large appearance rather than a delicate one），形容男性指“容貌端庄、英俊”，形容女性时指“健美”；good-looking“好看的，漂亮的”（attractive）,泛指容貌美，多指男性，有时也指女性。other ot

12、her表示泛指，意为“另外的、别的、其它的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有the，this，some，any，each，every，no，one以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。注意下面other的几种变形： others：它是other的复数形式，表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。如： Many students are playing on the playground Some are playing football；others are playing basketball the other：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可后接单数名词。如： T

13、he old man has two sons One is a worker，the other is a teacher 但如果the other后接复数名词或者the other本身用复数形式 (the others)，都可表示其余的全部。如： We shall do some cleaning this afternoon Group One will clean the wall Group Two will clean the windows The other students will sweep the floor不可数名词作复数表种类时，谓语动词用法不可数名词既然用来表示种

14、类，实际上已经变成可数名词了，谓语当然用复数了。These fishes are the ones that I have never seen.这些鱼种我从未见过。during the day 和 in the day during the day morning, evening(在)白天 早上, 晚上The sun gives us light during the day.太阳在白天给我们阳光。In the day在这一天里I hang about in the day. 我整天无所事事。 keepkeep一词含有“保持”之意，其用法和结构较为复杂。现将其常见的结构和用法归纳如下：（一

15、）、keep作及物动词，意为“使保持（某种状态）”、“使得”时，常用于以下几种结构：1.keep+宾语（由人或物充当）形容词。e.g. Keep your hands clean.手要保持干净。2.keep宾语副词。e.g. What have kept you awa for so long? 什么事使你离开这么久？3.keep宾语v-ing。e.g. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。4.keep宾语v-ed。e.g. Keep the door clsed. 让门关着。5.keep宾语介词短语。e.g. Dont keep your

16、 hands in your pockets.不要把手插在口袋里。（二）、keep作及物动词，后接名词作宾语，构成动宾结构，意为“保存”、“保留”、“记（日记等）”、“经营（商店等）”、“遵守（诺言等）”之意。e.g. I keep a diary in English.我用英文记日记。She keeps a bllkstore.她经营一家书店。Keep your word,please.请遵守你的诺言。（三）、keep作系动词，其后直接跟形容词、副词或介词短语作表语，构成系表结构，意为“保持某一状态”。如：Please keep quiet.请保持安静。（四）、keep后接动名词和宾语，表示

17、连续不断地做某事。e.g. The baby keeps crying all night.那个婴儿哭了一夜。 turn turn的用法归纳如下1. turn (n.) 顺序, 轮流 1）. Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 Its your turn to make a decision. 2）. take ones turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns轮流做某事 The nurses attended the patient in turn / by turns. =The nurses to

18、ok turns to attend the patient. 2. turn (vi.) 转动,转向,翻转 turn right / left = turn to the right / left turn to sth. / sb. (for help) turn to page 84 3. turn (link-v.) 变得，成为 turn green / yellow 变绿/黄了 Ten years later， he turned teacher. turn的固定词组: 1. turn against 背叛 ： Nobody will turn against his country

19、. 2. turn down 关小/ 拒绝 ： He turned down my suggestion without hesitation. 3. turn from side to side 把身体转来转去 ： The naughty boy turned from side to side while answering questions in class. 4. turn in 上交 ：The child picked up a purse on the way and turned it in to the policeman. 5. turn . into . (使)成为：Th

20、e farmers are turning waste land into rice fields. 6. turn off 关(水源、 煤气、 电灯等) / 避开(问题等) ：Turn off the light when you leave the room. 7. turn on 打开(水、 煤气、 电灯、无线电等) / 对发怒 ：turn on the radio ；turn the gun on sb. 8. turn out 结果是/证明是/生产出 ：The weather yesterday turned out (to be) fine. ；The factory turned

21、 out more products than they had expected. 9. turn over (使)打翻 / 翻身 / 翻动 / 翻耕(土地) / 转危为安 ：The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang. 10. turn up 开大 / 出现 / 找到 / 证明是 (= turn out to be) ：The meeting is beginning， but he has not turned up. He might have been lost.as作连词的用法1. as.a

22、s的用法as.as意为和一样，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。其基本结构为：as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如：(1)This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。(2)Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。其否定式为not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如：This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。若有修饰成分，如twice,

23、 three times, half, a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。例如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。as.as的常见句型：(1)as.as possible Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题。(2)as.as usual/beforeShe looks as pretty as before.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。(3)as long as. (引导条件状语从句) It took us as long as three ye

24、ars to carry out the plan.我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。(4)as far as He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火车站。(5)as well as She cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。一些带有as.as结构的常见短语归纳：as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一样忙碌as easy as ABC像ABC一样容易as deep as a well像井一样深as light as a feath

25、er像羽毛一样轻2. as用作连词引导时间状语从句as与when，while都是引导时间状语从句的从属连词，含义都是当的时候。但它们有区别：用when时，从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生；用while时，从句的动作为一过程，主句动作与从句动作同时进行或在从句动作过程中发生；用as时，主句和从句的动作同时发生，具有延续的含义。例如：(1)It was snowing when he arrived at the construction site.他到达工地时，天正在下雪。(2)He was watching TV while his mother was cooki

26、ng.他母亲做饭时他在看电视。(3) You will grow wiser as you grow older.你会随着年龄的增长而越来越聪明。3. as用作连词引导原因状语从句as，because，since都可以表示因果关系，连接原因状语从句，含义是因为，由于，但它们有区别：because表示的语气最强；as一般放在句首，语气较弱，较口语化；since常常用在书面语中，表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有时可译作既然。例如：(1) He will succeed because he is in earnest.他一定会成功，因为他很认真。(2) Since you are

27、so sure of it he”ll believe you.既然你对此如此有把握，他会相信你的。(3) As rain has fallen, the air is cooler.因为下过雨，空气比较清爽。4. as作连词引导让步状语从句as与although (或though)，however (或no matter how)等都可以引导让步状语从句，含义是虽然，尽管，但它们有区别：although语气稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不能再用but，但可以用yet；as所表示的语气较强，引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序；however引导让步状语从句时，它的后面可跟形容词或副词，也要用倒装语序。例如：(1) Although he is quite old, he still jogs every day.他虽然年纪相当大，仍然每天慢跑。(2) Strange as it may seem, nobody was inju