人教版高中英语必修三：Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars-词汇篇(老师版)

1、Unit4 Astronomy : the science of the stars词7匚篇要求学生掌握本单元的重点单词、重点短语、重要词汇辨析并能熟练应用。一、重点短语1.1 n time及时；终于2. lay eggs 下蛋3. give birth to 产生；分娩4. in one ' s tUmU某人；接着5. prevent. from 阻止； 制止6. block out 挡住（光线）7. cheer up 感到高兴，感到振奋8. now that 既然；因为9. break out突发；爆发10. watch out密切注视,当心二、词义辨析1. collide属正式用

2、词，常与不及物动词，可与 with搭配，其名词为 collisioncrash属普通用词，可作名词、及物动词和不及物动词，作不及物动词时常与介词into搭配2. break out指灾难性的事件，如战争、火灾、疾病等的爆发happen强调事件发生的偶然性come about常指不受控制的事情的发生，相当于。常用句型：How does/did it come about ? 是怎样发生的？3.lie, lie , lay的区别如下：动词形式第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词中文释义lieliesliedliedlying撒谎；谎话lielieslaylainlying躺；位于laylayslai

3、dlaidlaying放置；卜蛋、要点梳理1. in time及时；终于；迟早；最后on time准时；按时in no time 立即； 马上at a time依次；每次；逐一at one time 曾经；一度at no time 从不at the same time 同时 in time for 刚好赶上2. atmosphere(n.)大气层；空气；气氛atmosphere作为“大气层、大气”讲时常与定冠词the搭配；作“气氛、氛围”讲时常与不定冠词搭配；作先行词时，其后的定语从句如果缺少状语，引导词用where,如果缺少宾语或主语用that或 which 。3. harmful (adj

4、.) 有害的harmless (adj.)无害的harm (n.)伤害，损害 ssful(adj.)2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222 be harmful to=do harm to 对 有害 do more harm than good 弊大于利There is no harm in doing sth. =It does no harm to do sth. 不妨做某事；做某事没坏处mean n

5、o harm 无恶意4. vt.+it+adj./n.+(for sb./sth.) to do sth.在这个句型中，形容词或名词作宾语补足语，it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语，也可以是动名词短语或that从句。可用于该句型的动词通常有make, think , consider, find , feel,judge 等E.g. I don ' t think it worthwhile going to such a places样一个地方去，我看是不值得的。5. multiply (v.) 乘以；乘；迅速增加；(使)繁殖multi -为一前缀形式，意为“多个，许多”

6、常构成名词和形容词multicultural (adj.) 多元文化的multimedia (adj.)多媒体的；使用媒体的 (n.)多媒体multinational (adj.) 跨国的；涉及多国的multiparty (adj.) 多党派的6. exist (vi.) 存在；生存existence (n.)存在，生存existon 靠生存，生活in existence 现存；现有come into existence 出现；开始存在7. thus (adv.)这样；以此方式；因此；从而“thus+分词短语”常置于句末作结果状语，翻译时常用“因而”、“所以”、“于是”、“便”等词语。这种分词

7、短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，通常是前面的整个句子，因而它的作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。E.g. Some new machines were installed in our factory ， thus resulting in an increase in production.我们的工厂安装了一些新机器，因而增加了产量。8. in one ' stUinM人；接着in turn 依次，轮流；相应地；转而take turns in doing /to do sth. 轮流做某事on the turn 即将变化give sb. a turn 使大吃一惊the turn of t

8、he century 世纪之交E.g. When it was in my turn ， I was too excited to speak. 当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。9. prevent/stop sb. （from） doing sth. 阻止某人做某事（在主动句中from 可以省略，被动句中不可省略）keep sb. from doing sth. （ from 不可省略）protectfro保护免遭10. puzzle（vt.）&（vi.）（使）迷惑；（使）为难；（n.）难题；谜puzzle over/over sth. 苦苦思索，仔细琢磨be puzzled a

9、bout /as to 对感至 U 迷惑a puzzled look/expression 迷惑的表情a crossword puzzle 纵横字谜puzzled （adj.） （感到）迷惑不解的，常用来修饰人puzzling （adj.） 令人迷惑不解的，常用来修饰事物11. crash（vi.）&（vt.） 碰撞；坠落air crash 飞机失事crash into 撞在上12. block out 挡住；遮住（光线或声音）；忘掉；抹去（不愉快的事情）block in 画（某物）的草图block off 封锁，封闭（道路）block up 塞住，封住（孔，洞）block one &

10、#39; s Wy某人的去路13. pull（n.）&（vt.） 拉（力） ；拖；牵引力pull back 撤退pull ahead 抢先；领先pull in （车）进站停靠pull out 驶离车站pull over 把（车）开到路边pull up 使车停止，停下pull down 拆毁，拆掉（建筑物）pull through （使）恢复健康14. cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋cheerful (adj.) 快乐的，高兴的cheers (用于祝酒)干杯cheer sb. on 为某人加油；鼓劲give a cheer 欢呼起来15. 倍数表达法倍数表达方式：“A +be+倍数

11、+as+形容词或副词的原级+as +B”表示“ A是B的多少倍”“A +be+倍数+as+形容词或副词的比较级 +than +B”表示“ A比B大多少倍”“ A +be+ 倍数 +the size/height/length/width ， etc.+of +B ”，表示“ A 是 B 的大小 / 高度/长度/宽度等多少倍”16. now that 既然常见的表示原因的连词：in that 因为，原因是seeing that 由于，因为17. break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)突发；爆发break away (from) 脱离；突然挣脱break through 突围，突破；克服bre

12、ak sth. up 拆开；打散；结束(关系等)break in 强行进入break into 强行闯入；突然开始break off 断开；中断break down 出故障；垮掉18. watch out for 当心；提防；密切注意watch out=look out 当心，小心watch out for=look out for 当心、提防Watch it! 小心！留神！watch over sb./sth. 照管某物/照顾某人keep watch 守护，监视on watch 值班watch the clock 盯着钟表watch the time 注意时间watch the world

13、go by 闲看人来人往19. depend on sb =rely on / count on sb./believe in sb./trust (in) sb. 信任/依赖某人It (all) depends 看情况而定20. 与get相关的短语：get along 相处融洽，进展等get down to 开始认真对待，考虑get on 上车get through 到达； 通过； 办完，第 3页 /共 9页get to 到达1 . （2019 河北衡水中学调研）The hotel is always full of people because it offers a lovely rel

14、axedand personal service.A. appearanceB. adventureC. amountD. atmosphere解析：根据句意“该酒店总是住满了人，因为它提供了一种美好轻松的气氛以及个性化的服务。”appearance夕卜表；adventure冒险；amount数量；atmosphere气氛，氛围；根据句意可知atmosphere符合句意。 答案：Do2 .（2019 山西康杰中学月考 ）Nobody was clear about how exactly he had managed to such a largeamount of money in such

15、 a short time.A. increaseB. accumulateC. multiplyD. commit解析：根据句意“没有人清楚他到底是怎样在这么短的时间内攒这么多钱的。"increase增加；accumulate积攒；multiply 乘；commit犯罪；根据句意可知accumulate符合句意。答案：Bo3 .（2019 安徽）My good performance in the job interview left me about my future and about whatI can do here.A. puzzledB. sensitiveC. op

16、timisticD. embarrassed解析：根据句意“我在求职面试中的优异表现让我对我的未来和在这里可以做的工作感到乐观。”puzzled 困惑的； sensitive 敏感白optimistic 数量；optimistic 乐观的； embarrassed 困窘的，局促不 安的；根据句意可知 optimistic符合句意。 答案：Co4 .（2019 江苏无锡月考）Mr. Brown ' s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throu

17、ghD. pull out解析：根据句意“布朗先生的病情看起来非常严重，他是否会恢复值得怀疑。" pull back撤退；pull up使车停止；pull through使恢复健康；pull out驶离车站；根据句意可知 pull through符合句意。答案：Bo5 .（2019 安徽）-1 get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day.-Oh great!.A. Good luckB. Cheer upC. Same to youD. Keep it up解析：根据句意“一一我几乎每天至少锻炼半小时。一一哦，太棒了！

18、坚持下去。" Good luck祝你好运；Cheer up振奋起来；Same to you你也一样；Keep it up坚持下去；根据句意可知Keep it up符合句意。答案：Do基础演练根据汉语提示或首字母提示用本部分所学的单词填空1 . Ais the scientific study of the sun , the moon, the stars and so on.2 .The project cost us more than one （十亿）dollars.第5页/共9页3 . The a at home was rather tense.4 .His (根本的) m

19、istake was to rely too much on other people.5 .O is a gas that is present in air and water.6. Man-made (卫星)are used for sending and receiving messages.7. Anything that is dropped falls towards the centre of the earth because of the pull of (重力).8. Global warming and(气候)change problems are perhaps th

20、e two greatest threats to our planet.9. She was unbelievably (温和的) with him during his illness.10. A rare virus just attacked my computer s , so it has broken down.11. The(puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn' t understand what I had said.12. Not a few(violence) scenes had been cut from t

21、he film before it came to show.13. Smoking can be(harm) to your health.14. Five(multiply)by four equals twenty.15. The naughty boy(lie) to me that the hen had(lay) three eggs the day before.Keys:1. Astronomy4. fundamental7. gravity10. system13.harmful选择适当的单词填空2. billion5. Oxygen8. climate11.puzzled1

22、4.multiplied巩固提高3.atmosphere6. satellites9. gentle12.violent10. lied ; laid1.Buddhism is one of the worlds and one of its famous buildings in China is the PotalaPalace in Tibet.(religions ; religious)2. This girl looked very much her mother.However ,the girl of her age , she dreamed ofbecoming a phy

23、sicist. (unlike ; like)3. Some dinosaurs were very large but. Young dinosaurs were treated very until theybecome adults. (gently ; gentle)4. I didn ' t know his until today. He can' t on the money he is earning and has to begfrom door to door.(exist ; existence)5. Her look on her face sugges

24、ted she didn ' understand the problem.(puzzling ; puzzled)Keys:1. religions ; religious2.like; unlike3 .gentle; gently4 .existence;exist;5 .puzzled; puzzling、用所给词的适当形式填空1. Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into(exist)2. His advice prevented me from(make) a serious m

25、istake.3. There wereseveral(theory) about the way in which the first started.4. I felt(physical) sick before the exam.5. Beautiful music came(float) out of the window.二、用所给短语补全句子cheer up, give birth to , break out, in turn , block out, now that, depend on, watch out for, prevent from, in time1. If y

26、ou keep on learning English ,you ' ll be able to speak it quite fluently.2. The expected storm us climbing the mountain.3. The good news of our football team winning the game everybody.4. everyone agrees to my plan , let ' s start tomorrow.5. Whether our experiment will be successful whether

27、 we are patient enough.6. Mrs. White a healthy baby at her late thirties.7. The staff were asked fake bank credit cards.8. It was almost midnight when the fire in the neighborhood.9. He asked each of us to describe how alcohol had affected our lives.10. A heavy curtain was put up to the night.Keys:1

28、. existence一、用所给词的适当形式填空2.making 3.theories 4. physically 5.floating、用所给短语补全句子1. in time3. cheered up5. depends on7. to watch out for9. in turn2. prevented; from4. Now that6. gave birth to8. broke out10. block out一、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于 3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形 式。First, reading books 1 (be) fun. You ca

29、n always keep yourself 2 (interest) and it can help you have an enjoyable time if you like reading. This is especially useful when the weather is bad. It is a(n) 3 (relax) hobby too.Next, you can read a book anywhere: in a car, on a plane, in bed even in the bath. 4 you need is a book! Reading is a

30、convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and start again.第7页/共9页Another good reason for reading books is 5 it is useful. If you read as a hobby you 6 （get） better and better at it. This means that you will read faster and become 7 （good） at understanding what you read. As your reading improves , you w

31、ill probably find your schoolwork becomes much easier. Many school subjects depend 8 good reading and,as you read you learn more and more.Good readers are most likely to be good 9 （write） , too. They are usually good at 10 （spell） as well, and have more things to write about. Reading books is really

32、 a wonderful hobby. 二、短文改错（共 10处）My father was the biology professor. When I was young , he was used to take me to the biology lab , there I saw mice , cats and other animals. My father also influenced me through nature walks. He often took me on a walk in the backyard. We would catch frogs , snakes

33、 and bird. He seemed know everything about wildlife. Eighteen years later , think about my father and his influence on my life , I feel very luckily.I am grateful that I got the chance to learn from her. He helps me develop my interest in all that was alive and sometimes dead around me. 三、阅读理解Dear H

34、umane Society,I was watching the news last night and saw the report about the rescue（ 营救 ）of a group of puppies that had been abandoned（遗弃）near the freeway. Being an animal lover , I was shocked by their owner ' s behavior. But I was excited to hear that you were holding a letter writing contest

35、 to place the puppies for adoption（收养）to good homes. I asked my parents to let me apply to adopt one of those puppies. Fortunately , my parents also love animals and gave me permission.Any one of these puppies would be welcome in my home. This puppy would have a friendly with our own dog , Harry. We

36、 have a big backyard with lots of room for them to run and play and a doggy door for them to come in when they need shelter. Our new family member would benefit from regular trips to the vet for care and to groomer（ 美容师）to keep up a fashionable appearance. Since I would be the main care giver, I wan

37、t you to know that I am a very responsible person with lots of experience taking care of pets. I would make sure of following through with their daily care , including everything from feeding to walking.Out of all of the things I can provide for this puppy , the most important gift is LOVE. This little guy or girl would be a member of a family full of love. This love is not only for little members , but it goes on forever. I hope you will consider all the