八年级生物下册 13.1 生物的分类课件1 北京版 (1121)

1、Section Grammar一二一、将每组两个句子合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句例句:This is the bag.My mother bought the bag yesterday.This is the bag (that) my mother bought yesterday.1.The man stands next to us.The man is my English teacher.2.The girl is Mary.You saw the girl in the street.3.This is the factory.A lot of students visited

2、 the factory yesterday.答案:The man who stands next to us is my English teacher.答案:The girl (whom) you saw in the street is Mary. 答案:This is the factory (that/which) a lot of students visited yesterday.一二4.The only language is the mother tongue.The mother tongue is easy to learn.5.The boy handed the h

3、andbag to the police.He had picked up the handbag in the street.6.Please show me the book.You bought the book last Sunday.答案:The only language that is easy to learn is the mother tongue./The mother tongue is the only language that is easy to learn.答案:The boy handed the handbag,which he had picked up

4、 in the street,to the police.答案:Please show me the book(that/which)you bought last Sunday. 一二7.The man is a doctor.The man was here just now.8.The old man has two lovely dogs.The old man lives in a village.答案:The man who was here just now is a doctor./The man who is a doctor was here just now.答案:The

5、 old man who lives in a village has two lovely dogs./The old man who has two lovely dogs lives in a village.一二二、用定语从句翻译句子1.他来自美国,是我的好朋友。2.你认识那个在写字的小女孩吗?3.我参观了你过去工作过的那家工厂。4.我不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。5.那个小孩来了,他的爸爸是一名医生。答案:He who comes from the USA is my good friend.答案:Do you know the girl who is writing? 答案:I vi

6、sited the factory where you used to work. 答案:I will never forget the days we spent together. 答案:Here comes the boy whose father is a doctor. Grammar:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句在意义上与先行词关系密切,是不可缺少的定语。非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词的附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚完整;明显的标志就是从句和主

7、句之间用逗号隔开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有which,who,whom,whose;关系副词有where,when等。that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:1.限制性定语从句具有修饰限制的作用,如果限制性定语从句省略了,句子意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句和先行词之间关系不很密切,只是起补充说明的作用,去掉并不影响整个句子的完整性。翻译句子:【高考典句】(2015福建高考)China Today attracts a worldwide readership,which shows that more and more people all ov

8、er the world want to learn about China.(非限制性定语从句)翻译: 答案:今日中国吸引了世界范围的读者群,这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。【高考典句】(2015北京高考)Opposite is St.Pauls Church,where you can hear some lovely music.(非限制性定语从句)翻译: 答案:对面是圣保罗教堂,在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。2.限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号隔开,而非限制性定语从句和主句之间有逗号隔开。选出下列句子中的非限制性定语从句:This is the man who used to q

9、uarrel with me.这就是那个过去常和我吵架的人。This is his house,where he once lived.这就是他的房子,他曾经在里面住过。非限制性定语从句: 答案:3.限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词也可以是前面一句话的内容。指出下列定语从句的先行词:I bought a book yesterday which is very popular among young people.我昨天买了一本非常受年轻人欢迎的书。先行词: 答案:a bookHis son has made great achievements

10、in his work,which made him very proud.他儿子在工作中取得了很大的成就,这使他很骄傲。先行词: 答案:His son has made great achievements in his work4.关系代词使用情况不同。1)关系代词that和关系副词why可以引导限制性定语从句,但不可以引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中应用which,for which来替代。例如:完成下列句子:The house that I bought has a lovely garden.=The house, I bought,has a lovely garden.

11、 我买的那所房子有一个漂亮的花园。答案:whichI have told him the reason why I was late this morning.=I have told him the reason, I was late this morning. 我已经告诉了他我今天早上迟到的原因。答案:for which2)关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who来代替,但在非限制性定语从句中则不可以。单句填空:This is the American I met yesterday. 这就是我昨天见到的那个美国人。答案:who/whomPeter,whom you met

12、in London,is now in Paris.彼得现在在巴黎,你在伦敦见过他的。答案:whom3)which引导限制性定语从句时,如果在从句中作宾语,可以省略。但在非限制性定语从句中是不可以省略的。单句填空:11The computer I had repaired went wrong again. 12The computer,I had repaired,went wrong again. 我修过的那台电脑又出毛病了。答案:11which/that/不填12which4)as引导的非限制性定语从句,可放在主句前、主句后,也可以放在句子中间。而which引导的非限制性定语从句则只能置

13、于主句之后。当非限制性定语从句表达否定意义时,则只能用which引导。单句填空:13 we all know,Mo Yan is a famous writer. 众所周知,莫言是一位著名的作家。14He is a cheat, everyone can see. 每个人都看得出来,他是个骗子。15The weather turned out to be very fine, was more than we could expect. 结果天气变得很好,这超出了我们的预料。答案:13As14as15which5)as引导非限制性定语从句时,常作一些实义动词的宾语,例如:see,know,say,report,imagine,remember,point out等。常见的用法有:as is known to all/as we all know,as has been said before,as you expected/imagined,as is mentioned above,as