(推荐)2016高考七选五解题步骤和技巧

1、(推荐)2016高考七选五解题步骤和技巧 things that we must know:things that we must know:1.考察方式：考察方式： 给出一篇缺少5个句子个句子的短文和7个选项个选项。要求考生根据文章内容，选出正确的句子填入相应空白处。有两个多余选项有两个多余选项。2.考纲解读：考纲解读： 主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）3.选材特点选材特点： 短文一般为300词左右的说明文说明文或议论文议论文，其中正文词数240左右，选项词数60左右。4.设空类型设空类型 主旨句主旨句 （标题类，主题

2、句类）过渡性句子过渡性句子（文章结构）细节注释性句子细节注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）二、命题规律及考察趋势：二、命题规律及考察趋势：考点考点题量分布题量分布2012课标、全国12013课标、全国12014课标、全国12015 课标、全国1主题句0022过渡句1111细节4422解题步骤：解题步骤：（在高考的现场如果考生用大量的（在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。) )1.先读文章的开始部分文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题,然后仔细阅读五个空

3、各自的前后前后句寻找并画出关键词关键词。（一名(名名词词)袋（代词代词）鼠（数词数词）很特殊（特殊疑问词特殊疑问词），连（连词连词）蹦（动词动词）带跳很彪（标点标点/标题标题）悍。）2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。4.将选项选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。1快要落山的太阳，时而钻进车厢，时而隐没林中。夕阳的余晖涂红快要落山的太阳，时而钻进车厢，时而隐没林中。夕阳的余晖

4、涂红了南藏高原，拉长了旅游车的影子。载着五十多名来自全国各地游客的大巴了南藏高原，拉长了旅游车的影子。载着五十多名来自全国各地游客的大巴车，穿梭在从普达措国家公园返回香格里拉的路上。徒步行走了十余公里的车，穿梭在从普达措国家公园返回香格里拉的路上。徒步行走了十余公里的游客们的确有些累了，扎西尼玛导游用沙哑的声音温和地对游客们说，你们游客们的确有些累了，扎西尼玛导游用沙哑的声音温和地对游客们说，你们可以闭上眼睛，靠在椅背上听我说话就行了。车速不快也不慢地沿着时可以闭上眼睛，靠在椅背上听我说话就行了。车速不快也不慢地沿着时陡时缓的山路行驶着，天色渐渐暗了下来。望不见迂回陡峭的山路心里反倒陡时缓的山

5、路行驶着，天色渐渐暗了下来。望不见迂回陡峭的山路心里反倒比来时踏实了许多。导游扎西尼玛是地道的藏族人，家就住在香格里拉的农比来时踏实了许多。导游扎西尼玛是地道的藏族人，家就住在香格里拉的农村。个子不高，长发凌乱，肤色黧黑，衣着朴素，整个人看上去有几分邋遢村。个子不高，长发凌乱，肤色黧黑，衣着朴素，整个人看上去有几分邋遢，但是两天的时间里，团里的游客们非常喜欢他的纯朴。只读过汉文初中的，但是两天的时间里，团里的游客们非常喜欢他的纯朴。只读过汉文初中的扎西实在算不上知识渊博的导游。扎西从事导游工作扎西实在算不上知识渊博的导游。扎西从事导游工作15年了，是香格里拉导年了，是香格里拉导游协会的副会长。

6、游客们欣慰的是，他不强迫游客们购物，告诉大家开心地游协会的副会长。游客们欣慰的是，他不强迫游客们购物，告诉大家开心地玩上三天。扎西自豪地说，他是有工资的，每天三百元。他家里不缺钱，日玩上三天。扎西自豪地说，他是有工资的，每天三百元。他家里不缺钱，日子过得很富有。家里有子过得很富有。家里有67头黑牦牛，夏天里，父母一边放牧牦牛一边挖虫草头黑牦牛，夏天里，父母一边放牧牦牛一边挖虫草。冬虫夏草市场价格越来越贵，当年他们大把大把嚼着吃的虫草，现在每根。冬虫夏草市场价格越来越贵，当年他们大把大把嚼着吃的虫草，现在每根都能卖到几十元。车厢里响起了呼噜声，扎西导游依旧继续讲述着藏族都能卖到几十元。车厢里响起

7、了呼噜声，扎西导游依旧继续讲述着藏族人人细节类题型解题技巧细节类题型解题技巧 the scientists say that the human life has changed greatlyour bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses 72 72 so they are called diseases of civilizationmany cancers and diseases of the blood s

8、ystem are examples of such diseases.astone age people lived a simple life.bbut today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.cin that case, they would live much healthier.dancient people also got lots of physical exercise.ethese new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.f people today probably dont wan

9、t to live like our ancestors.gmodern people used to suffer from diseases of civilization.1.1. sicknessessicknessese同词复现同词复现on the other hand ,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to- day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language

10、,and chances to see different parts of the world._those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family, the following are its advantages.b.however,there may be a number of disadvantages.c.consider a distance education.d.most of us are adapted to studying at school.however?反义词复现反义词复现

11、dont fear people _. the reason most people dont take risks,or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them. if you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.a. focus on your own talents and strengthsb.never let others opinions guid

12、e your choices.c.stay fearless in everything you will have to do.派生词复现派生词复现csummary: 七选五解题技巧七选五解题技巧1：词汇复现词汇复现复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对置对同一个概念同一个概念进行进行重复重复描述。描述。复现关系，主要是指复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等近义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现等。 everybody

13、 gets stressed time to time. try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed: (1) get support. when you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 72 they might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test,

14、 or the death of a beloved pet.a. ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. c. different people feel stress in different ways e. you need to figure out what the problem is. f. and dont forget about your friends. 可以相信的人可以相信的人=父母父母+亲戚亲戚+朋友（同范畴）朋友（同范畴）fsummary: 七选五解题技巧七选五解题技巧2：同范畴词

15、同范畴词同范畴词同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇汇在文章中共同出现在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 73 they say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, b

16、. he said that laughter is much healthier than anger.a. doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.c. anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.theya72 72 .their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper. they may act in ways unacceptable and

17、 hurtful. people may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper._7373_e. in fact, they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry.g. some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids. gesummary: 七选五解题技巧七选五解题技巧3：代词提示代词提示 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词

18、的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。而快速地解题。it:it:单数名词或整个句子；单数名词或整个句子；they/them:they/them:复数名词；复数名词；one:one:单数可数名词；单数可数名词；that:that:不可数名词或句子；不可数名词或句子；this:this:单数名词或句子；单数名词或句子；these/those:these/those:前句的复数名词。前句的复数名词。细节类题型解题技巧细节类题型解题技巧b. t

19、here are three practical note-taking methods. a. you must write your notes on separate paper. c. first, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. _ .second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.cas you t

20、ake notes,you may want to use your own shorthand. when you do be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time._8_a. use words ,not completed sentence.b. there are three pratical note-taking methods.c. you must write your notes on separate paper.d. otherwise, you may not b

21、e able to read your notes later.e. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.d转折关系转折关系finally,you never know what wonderful ideas might strike while your mind has moved slowly away._9_a. at one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illness.b. therefore, its a

22、 good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.b 因果关系因果关系 过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：a, 并列关系并列关系：first(ly),second(ly),.；first, then/next,.；in the first place， in the second place.;for one thing,for another thing ,.；then /next ,finally/last 等。等。b, 递进

23、关系递进关系：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,whats more , in addition ,as well , to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not only .but also等。等。c, 解释例证关系解释例证关系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等等d, 因果关系因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,

24、consequently(结果）结果） ,as a result (of), so/ such .that .,so that .等等e, 转折对比关系转折对比关系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless（然而）（然而）, still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast / comparison 等等f, 概况归纳关系概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally spe

25、aking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。等。summary：逻辑关系的衔接：逻辑关系的衔接篇章结构类题解题技巧篇章结构类题解题技巧若考察空为小标题，则根据所在小段落的内若考察空为小标题，则根据所在小段落的内容进行总结归纳。容进行总结归纳。注意标题的简洁性！注意标题的简洁性！ _1_telling someone that you cant remember his name can actually make people relaxed. most of the

26、m will feel sympathy if you say, im working to remember names better. yours is right on the tip of my tongue. what is it again? a.if you cant remember someones name, you may tell him the truth b. admit you dont know c.recite and repeat names d.let others help you remember their names.b小标题，简明小标题，简明若考

27、察空非小标题，则根据试题所在位置确若考察空非小标题，则根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略定不同的解题策略 1)如果如果问题在段首问题在段首 通常是段落主题句通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。2)如果问题在段尾如果问题在段尾 通常是通常是结论、概括性语句结论、概括性语句。注意在。注意在选项中查找选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如，如therefore, as

28、 a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语等词语，选项中也可发选项中也可发现前文的同义词句现前文的同义词句。1.（2010新课标全国卷）新课标全国卷） 73_when a person is asking a question , show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.a.show your true interest.b.restate the

29、 question with respect .c.some ideas can be quite concrete.2.(2011辽宁卷）辽宁卷）go for a walk. mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical are blood glucose down to normal levels. in fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain . _ 74_a. this can be especially harmful to the aged.b. so take a few minutes each day to do some reading .c. in other words ,when