英语动词时态语态习练习[7]

1、2021/8/61English Basic Tenses (时态时态)2021/8/62他昨天他昨天来来了了. 他已经他已经来来了了.他明天他明天来来.汉语借助汉语借助词汇手段词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生动作的发生,而英语主要通过而英语主要通过谓语动词时态谓语动词时态变化变化来表现来表现.任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意时态时态.He came yesterday.He has come.He will come tomorrow.2021/8/63一般过去时一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense )一般现在时一般现在时 ( The

2、Simple Present tense 一般将来时一般将来时( The Simple Future Tense )现在进行时现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)过去进行时过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense)现在完成时现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense) 过去完成时过去完成时 (The Past Perfect Tense)过去将来时过去将来时(The Simple Past Future Tense)2021/8/64How did you spend your childhood?(3 sentenc

3、es or more,使用实意动使用实意动词和系动词词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化注意动词形式变化)2021/8/65Example: I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time. spentplayed didntwere2021/8/66 一般过去时一般过去时 ( Th

4、e Simple Past Tense )1.结构结构: 谓动用动词过去式谓动用动词过去式2.用法用法: 在在过去时间里所发生过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的的动作或存在的状态。状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如如 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。等。2021/8/67How is your daily life as a high school student?(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词使用实意动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化注意动词形式变化)2021/8/68二二

5、. 一般现在时一般现在时 ( The Present Indefinite )1.结构结构:主语为主语为第三人称单数第三人称单数,谓动要变化谓动要变化,其其余人称用原形余人称用原形. I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families.2021/8/692. 用法用法:1) 经常性或习惯性经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如间状语连用，如often/ usually, every, sometimes, at, o

6、n Sunday。2)表示不受时间限制的表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理科学事实或客观真理。The earth moves around the sun.2021/8/6103) 表示已表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作的动作或存在的状态或存在的状态, 一般用于一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与时等动词中，常与时间状语连用如：间状语连用如：The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.2021/8/611.过去将来时过去将来时(The past future

7、simple Tense)1. 用法用法: 过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用于宾语从句常用于宾语从句中中.2.结构结构: Should / would+动词原形动词原形The boy promised he would work hard.I told my parents I should return early.2021/8/6122).其他形式其他形式 was (were) going to was (were) to +动词原形动词原形 was (were) about to2021/8/

8、613犹如 pictureHow will you spend your Spring Festival holiday?I willIm going to2021/8/614三三. 一般将来时一般将来时( The Simple Future Tense ) will / be going to do2. be +to do，按，按计划或正式安排计划或正式安排将发生的事。将发生的事。We are to have an exam this week.3. be about to do, 表示表示马上做某事马上做某事, 不能与明确不能与明确表示将来的时间状语连用表示将来的时间状语连用.He is

9、about to leave for Beijing.2021/8/615What are they doing now?They are having a class.2021/8/616四四. 现在进行时现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)2. 用法：用法：1) 表示表示现在现在( 指说话时指说话时)正在发生正在发生的事情。的事情。We are having English class now.2) 表示表示目前这段时间内目前这段时间内正在进行的动作正在进行的动作,但说但说话时动作未必正在进行。话时动作未必正在进行。She is learning pian

10、o under Mr. Smith.1.结构结构: be (am, are, is)+ doing2021/8/6173) 现在进行时用来表示现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的按计划即将发生的动作动作,多用于表示多用于表示移动移动的动词的动词,如如: come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay.I m leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?2021/8/618On August 8, 2008, the 29th Olimpic Games was opening in Beijing.What

11、were you doing on that day?2021/8/619五五. 过去进行时过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense)1. 结构：结构：was/ were + doing2. 用法用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。常用的时间状语作或状态。常用的时间状语at ten yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while2021/8/620English, boring or funny?2021/8/621Q1: How old were you when

12、 you first started learning English?Q2: How long have you learnt English?A: We have learnt English for many years since we were 6 years old.2021/8/622六六. 现在完成时现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense) 1. 结构结构: have (has) +过去分词过去分词2.用法用法: 1). 现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态续到现在的动作或状态, 通常用于延续性

13、动词通常用于延续性动词. 常常与表示延续性的时间状语连用与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如如:so far, up to now, recently, in the past 6 years, since,for 等等等等 I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.2021/8/6232).表示发生在过去的某一动作表示发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响对现在造成的影响或结果或结果,常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有: just ,already, yet,ever, never, once等等等等.We have finished our lunch already.H

14、ave you ever tried this method?2021/8/624比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1). 一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态在的状态, 不涉及对现在的影响不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到一直延续到现在现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。 My family lived in Zhuhai ten years ago. （现在不在了（现在不在了) My family have lived

15、 in Zhuhai for 10 years. (目前还在珠海目前还在珠海) 2021/8/6252). 过去时常过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与而现在完成时通常与不确定的不确定的或或包括现在在内包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语的时间状语连用，或无时间状语. I studied in Zhongshan university in 2000.(2000年表示具体的过去时间）年表示具体的过去时间）I have studied in Zhongshan university since 2000. (since 2000表示从表示从

16、2000年至今年至今,包包括现在在内括现在在内)I have just bought an apartment. (just表示不表示不确定的时间状语）确定的时间状语）2021/8/626注意：注意：非延续性动词的非延续性动词的否定形式否定形式可以与表示延续时间可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。的。I have received his letter for a month. （错）（错） I havent received his letter for almost a month. （对）（对）2021/8/627比较比较

17、since和和for since +时间点时间点, 用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间 for+ 时间段时间段, 用来说明动作延续时间长度。用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.2021/8/628七七.过去完成时过去完成时 (The past perfect Tense)结构结构: had + 过去分词过去分词 概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去之前过去之前 过去现在将来过去现在将来 You graduated (毕

18、业毕业) from Junior Middle School in July 2009. You had stayed there for 3 years when you graduated.2021/8/629When the police arrived, the thieves _(run away).When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading. had run awayhad begun2021/8/630ExercisesI usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterda

19、y I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get)Listen! Someone _ (knock) at the door.I _ (be) in Beijing for two years.How often _ Andy _ (surf) the internet?He fell asleep while he _ (read) a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading2021/8/6316. I _ never _ (hear) of that man

20、 before.7. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer.8. Lily said she _ (put) on the new dress the next day.9. _ the story _ (happen) in London in 1949?10. What _ his mother _ (do) when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould Did happenwasdoing2021/8/63211. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go)

21、 fishing. 12. _ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?13. They _ (not) call you the day after tomorrow.14. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago.15. By the time I _ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching. doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay 2021/8/633 http

22、:/ an empty street an empty housea hole inside my heartIm all alone and the roomsare getting smallerI wonder how i wonder whyI wonder where they arethe days we hadthe songs we sang togetherand oh! my love2021/8/635 Im holding on foreverreaching for a lovethat seems so farso i say a litter prayerno m

23、y dream will take me therewhere the skies are blue to see youonce again my love动词的语态动词的语态 (voice) (voice) 2021/8/637动词的语态动词的语态 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的发出者为主动语态； 主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。We watched a film last night.I drink milk everyday.A film _. Milk _. Summary (总结

24、总结): is / was +done (p.p)was watched by us last nightis drunk by me everydayWill/ would be done新电脑下周将投入使用。新电脑下周将投入使用。The new computers will be used next week.妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修。妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修。My mother told me that my bike would be repaired the next day.am/ is /are being donewas/ were being done中国国家大剧院正

25、在建设当中。中国国家大剧院正在建设当中。The National Opera Building is being built at present. has/ have been donehad been done这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。The problem has been well solved.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night. 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态比较：比较： rise是不及物动词；是不及物动词；raise是及物动词。是及物动词。 The price has been risen.The price has risen. The price has raised. The price has been raised.The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last