合同相关词汇翻译(共19页).doc

1、合同翻译按照出资比例：in proportion to ones respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记：cancel the registration被代理人：the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义：in ones name标的subject matter补偿制度compensation system不动产登记制Lot and Block System财产法 property law财产的添附 accretion of property； property accession财产抵押权 property

2、 mortgage财产继承权：the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships财产管理人 property administrator； custodian of property财产混同 confusion； hotchpot财产留置权 encumbrance采用书面形式：in writing仓单 warehouse voucher草签合同 initial a contract； sign a referendum contract； ad referendum contra

3、ct长期合同 long-term contract偿付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权：beyond the scope of ones power of agency撤消合同cancellation of contract撤销合同 cancel a contract； rescind a contract； avoid a contract撤销权 right of rescission； right of revocation撤销要约 revocation of offer； revoke an offer撤销遗赠 cancellati

4、on o will； revocationi of will承运人 actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权 carriers lien诚信原则 principle of good faith船舶承租人 charterer船舶抵押权的设定 establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记 registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权 possessory lien； lien of ship村民委员会：

5、the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿 punitive damages乘人之危：take advantage of ones unfavorable position处分财产 dispose of properties处分权 act of disposition处分原则 principle of disposition代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by代理权终止：the expiration of ones power of agency单独承担的责任 undivided responsibility单方法律行为uni

6、lateral obligation单方行政行为 unilateral administrative act等价有偿：making compensation for equal value对等原则principle of reciprocity对价consideration对抗措施counter measure对人权right in personam； personal right对世权 real right； right in rem恶意串通：conspire maliciously恶意行为ill will mala fides 法人 judicial person； legal body&

7、#160;法人的权利能力 legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person法人权限 corporate power法人人格 corporate personality法人身份 status of a legal person法人团体 corporation法人资格 corporate capacity法人组织章程：the articles of association of the legal person负共同连带责任 liable jointly and sever

8、ally负全部责任 bear all responsibilities； in all charge负有解释的义务 accountable负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors附带的条件 incident附带要求 contingent claim附带原因 contributory cause； inherent cause附条件的民事法律行为：conditional civil juristic acts附条件的权利 conditional right赋予权力 entitle个体工商户：individual businesses个人合伙：individua

9、l partnership各尽所能，按劳分配 from each according to his ability， to each according to his needs给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce公民基本义务 fundamental duties of citizens合同contract 合同法contract law合同副本 copies of the contract合同规定 contract provis

10、ions/stipulations合同履行地法 lex loci contractus合同期限contract period （or contract term）合同条款contract terms （or contract clause）合同有效期contract life合同正本 originals of the contract合伙人：partners合议制 collegial system核准登记的经营范围：within the range approved and registered恢复原状 recovery of original state； restitution； rest

11、oration of he original conditions； retitutio in integrum集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership技术合同纠纷案件 controversy over a technology contract监护人：guardian经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority居民委员会：the neighborhood committee履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship埋藏物、隐藏物：bu

12、ried or concealed object买卖、出租、抵押、转让：be sold， leased， mortgaged or transferred农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm households平等主体：civil subjects with equal status企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person企业法人解散：disbanding of an ente

13、rprise as legal person契约自由 liberty of contract取得不当得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people让与 alien； alienate； assign； cede  让与的利益 benefit of cession让与权 benefit of cessioni设定义务的规则 rule of im

14、posing duty设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish， change or terminate civil relationship所有权 ownership书面合同 a written contract双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double双方法律行为 bilateral legal transaction擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind ones act arbitrarily他物权 right over the property of another提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific p

15、roperty as a pledge违反合同breach of contract委托代理：entrusted agency委托代理人：an entrusted agent无过错责任 liability without negligence无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another persons interests when he is not legally or contractually

16、obligated to do so下落不明 ones whereabouts have been unknown限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of the joint creditors行使代理权：exercise the power of agency宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct遗失物、漂流物：lost-and

17、-found objects， flotsam以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or

18、coercion意思表示 show ones intention意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption优先权 priority， preemptive right有过错的一方：the erring party有连带责任的 conjunctly and severally有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debto造成财产损失：cause any property loss责任能力 capacity for responsi

19、bility责任年龄 capacity of responsibility； year of discretion债的标的 object of obligation债的发生 creation of obligation债的消灭 extinction of obligation占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property指定代理：appointed agency执行合同 carry out a contract， execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract主要办事机构：the m

20、ain administrative office追偿：claim compensation from住所：domicile 按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book； case report； law repor

21、t柏拉图 Plato保护人权与基本自由公约（1950） Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms， 1950（罗）被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed； be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of compara

22、tive analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation； accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real pr

23、operty is situated； lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act； act of omission部门法department law部门规章reg

24、ulation参照 consult参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian； Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralegal超过权限 exceed authority； beyond jurisdiction成文法 written law成文宪法written constitution冲突法 conflict of laws； rules of confli

25、ct冲突规则 conflict rule； rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated （by this law）除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益 go against the states interests触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people； go against the peoples interests传统法律观

26、念 traditional ideas of law纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规 by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从权利 accessory right达到法定年龄 come of age大法 the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor 大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师barrister大陪审团 grand jury大清律例the Criminal

27、Laws of the Qing Dynasty （中）大宪章（1215） Great Charter， 1215（英）单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一制政府unitary government但书proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释 natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation德国民法典Ge

28、rman Civil code德拉古 Draco地方各级人民代表大会 local peoples congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local peoples courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local peoples procuratorates at different levels地方各级人民政府local peoples governments at different levels第二读second reading第三读 third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪

29、制 dual constitutional monarchy system二元论 the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本质 the nature of law法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of law法的发展development of law法的分类 divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威 authority of

30、 law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law； law enforcement法律的适用application of law法律的统一 unification of law法律的推定 presumption of law法律的推理 analogy of law法律的完整性 integrity of law法律的效力范围 forces scale of law法律的效力形式 forces form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进 evolutin of law法律的原理 principle of law法律地位

31、平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律方法 legal methodology法律分类 classification of law法律赋予权力 authority conferred by law法律改革 law reform法律概念 legal concept法律根据 legal basis法律工作者 legal professional  法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行 process of legal relation法律关系客体 object of legal relation法

32、律关系主体 subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律规范 norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构 logical structure of legal rule法律规则体系 system of legal rules法律含义 intendment of law法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件 legal requirement法律依据 legal basis法律意见 legal advice法律意见书 legal op

33、inion法律意识 law-consciousness法律意义 legal sense法律用语 legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice法律渊源 source of law法律原本注释 gloss法律原理 legal doctrines法律原则 principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束 legal binding； legal restraint法律责任 legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础 moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归

34、结 imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility法律哲学 philosophy of law； philosophie du droit （法）；philosophia juris法律政策 policy of the law法律职业道德 legal e

35、thics法律指导 legal counsel法律制裁 legal sanction法律制度 regime of law； legal system法律秩序 legal order法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law法律主张 proposition of law法律属地原则 territoriality of laws法律著述 legal literature法律专家 legal expert法律专业 legal profession法律专著和教科书 legal treatise and textbook法律咨询 legal advice法律尊严 legal

36、sanctity法盲 legal illiterates法权 right法社会学 sociology of law法系 legal system法协会 law society法学 jurisprudence法学博士 doctor of jurisprudence法学导论 leading principles of law法学的范畴体系 the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法学的基石范畴 fundamental categories of ju

37、risprudence法学方法 method of jurisprudence法学方法论 methodology of jurisprudence  法学会 law society法学教科书 law textbooks法学理论 theory of law； legal theory法学权威 an academic authority in law法学士 bachelor of law法学体系 system of jurisprudence法学通论 first principles of law法学院 faculty of law； law school法医 forensic

38、 medicine法医学 forensic medicine法院 court法院调查 judicial investigation法院管辖权 competence of court法院管辖以外的 extrajudicial法院判决 court decision法院系统 court structure法院组织法 judicature act法则 articles法哲学 philosophy of law法制legal institution法制传统 tradition of law system法制的精神 spirit of legality法制的尊严 dignity of the legal

39、system法制观念 legal concept法制观念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law法制教育 legal education； education of legal system法制史 legal history； history of legal system法治 rule of law法治的机制 the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素 the element of rule of law非实质的 immaterial非营利的 non-profit非约束性条款 permissive provision废止法律 a

40、nnulment of law分别管辖权 separate jurisdiction分别财产制 separation of property regime分别规定 separate provision分担责任 share the responsibility分工负责，互相配合，互相制约 divide responsibility for their own work； coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制 division of labor responsibility system分级管理 different levels ho

41、lding different responsibilities分配制度 distribution system分析法理学 analytical jurisprudence否决权 power veto； veto power否认事实 denial of facts服从法律 amenable to law； subject to the law服从判决 accept a judgment符合程序 be in order符合法律 be in conformity with law符合宪法 constitutionality符合宪法的法律 constitutional law符合原则 be in c

42、onformity with the principle盖尤斯 Gaius概括裁定 general verdict概括继承 general succession扰司法公正 interference with course of justice刚性条款 entrenched clause刚性宪法 rigid constitution岗位责任制 post responsibility system高等法院 high court； high court of justice高度集中 highly centralize  高度民主 high level of democracy高度

43、自治权 high degree of autonomy高级法官 senior judge高级法院superior court高级人民法院 Higher Peoples Court高级人民检察院 Higher Peoples Procuratortate搁置 set aside； abeyance格式条款 clause of style公认的行为准则 established standard of conduct规避法律 in fraud of law规避义务 evade obligations规范的法律规则 normative rule of law规范法学 normative jurispr

44、udence规范性法律文件 normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化 normalization of normative legal document国际法international law国际法学 international jurisprudence过错方 tort-feasor； wrongdoer过错推定原则 doctrine of presumption过错责任 liability for wrongs； tort liability海事法院 court of admiralty汉穆拉比法典 Code of Hammurabi合并条款 con

45、solidation of provisions合法的个人财产 legal personal property合法地位 legal status合法权益 the lawful rights and interests合法行为 lawful acts； legality of purpose合宪性 constitutionality衡平法 equity衡平法规则 rule of equity衡平法学 equity jurisprudence衡平法院 Court of Chancery （美）；Court of Equity （英）后法取代前法 A later statute takes away

46、 the effect of a prior one.后法优于前法 lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered互为因果 reciprocal causation基本法 fundamental law基本法律规范 basic norm of law基本方针 basic policies基本权利和义务 basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设 basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规 technical legal ru

47、le家庭法 family law建立法律关系create legal relations教会法canon law教会法大全Corpus Juris Canonici教会法学家 decretalists解释法律的技术规则 technical rule of interpretation解释权 power of interpretation近因 immediate cause禁治产人 imbecile； interdicted person经常居住地：habitual residence经法律确认的 ascertained by law经法律许可 authorized by law经验法学 sch

48、olastic theories of law纠问式审判 trial by inspection or examination具有法律约束力的文件 legally binding instrument具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例 binding precedent绝对衡平法 absolute equity君主立宪制度 constitutional monarchy开罗会议 Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义 keynesianism可撤销的法律行为 revocable juristic act可让与性 alienability可用法律强

49、制执行的 enforceable at law可预见的 foreseeable可直接适用的法律 directly applicable law可追溯的 retrospective客观条件 objective condition客观因素 objective factor客体 object扩充解释 amplified interpretation理论法理学派 theoretical jurisprudence school理性决定说 theory of rational decision理性认识 conceptual knowledge历史法学 historical jurisprudence历史

50、法学派 historical school of law历史解释 historical interpretation立法机构legislative body立法权 law-making power； legislative power立法委任权 legislation mandate立法效力 legislative effect法议案 bills立法者 law-maker； legislator立宪 constitutionalism利益冲突 conflict of interests利害关系人interested person连带法律关系 joint legal relations连带责任

51、joint and several obligation论理解释 logical interpretation罗马法Roman Law； Jus Romanum罗马法系 Roman-Law System罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世Justinian I罗马法理学 jurisprudential罗马法律汇编Roman Digest罗马法学派 school of Romanists罗马日耳曼法系 Roman-Germanic family罗马私法 Jus Privatum逻辑解释 logical interpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案 Marbury vs. Madison马克思主义法律理论 Mar

52、xism-leninism马克思主义法学 Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家 Marxist jurist没有事实根据的 unsubstantial美国国际法协会 American Institute of International Law美国海事法庭 Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院 United States district courts美国联邦法官 federal judge没有法律依据的 lawless没有判决先例的案件 case of first impression民法大全Corpus Juris Civili

53、s民法典 civil code民法法系Civil-Law System民法学 science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则 “by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights民事权益：civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学 Civil Procedure Law民事制裁 civil punishment； civil sanction民政部门：the civil affairs department明代法规 laws and

54、regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的 express or implied默示表达 communication by implication拿破仑法典 The Code Napolean内部规章 internal regulations纳妾制 concubinage南京条约 （1843） Treaty of Nanking， 1843拟制理论 fiction theory拟制买卖 mancipatio欧洲大陆法 continental law偶然权利 contingent right偶然因果关系 fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素

55、 accidentalia偶因 accidental cause排他的权利 right to exclude all others派生的权利 derived right派生取得 derivative acquisition判例法系 Case Law System普通法法系 Common-Law System判例法系 Case Law System判例汇编 reports； reports of judgments普通法 common law普通法法系 Common-Law System普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy普通法上的过失 common-law negligence普通法上的留置权 common-law lien普通法学 general jurisprudence强制办法 coercive method强制规定 mandatory provisions强制性法规 mandatory rule of law强制性条款 mandatory term侵犯财产权 property torts侵权行为法 tort law侵权责任 tortious liability清理法规 check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系 regional sy