状语从句讲解

1、状语从句定义：在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连 词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号, 放在句尾时不用。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键 是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下：相当于 just then , at the time，前一分句多用进行时、be about to 或 be on th

2、e point.，就在这时发生了另外一件事”或“届时”。女口：一、 时间状语从句l. when, while 和 as 的用法(1) when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作 When he got there, the classroom had bee n clea ned.他到的时候，教室已打扫过了。(主句动作发生在从句动作之前 He went to play football when he fini shed his homework.做完作业后他就去踢足球了。(主句的动作发生在从句动作之后when可作并列连词用，of doing，表示"正在做.when强调主从

3、句动作的发生有先后。如:) I was reading when he suddenly came in. I was about to leave when the telephone rang.(2) while强调主句动作发生在从句动作所发生的时间段内，从句的动作必须是延续性动词。如: Strike iron while it ' still hot. Will you please take care of my house while I was away?在这一情况下，从句的动作一定是延续性动词，如果是非延续动词，要用when。女口： Will you please tak

4、e care of my house whe n I went away? 当我进来的时侯，他在和别人说话。While I came in, he was talking with others.When I came in, he was talking with others.(3) as引导一个持续性动作，强调主从句的动作同时发生，有“一边.一边的意思，也可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着 .”的意思。如： He sang as he walked.他边走边唱。 As he gets older, he gets more ope n.随着年龄的增长，他越发开朗起来。2. as s

5、oon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely.when. immediately, directly, instantly 的用法。这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”The moment she arrives , we can start.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.The boy burst i nto tears imme

6、diately he saw his mother.3. till, until 和 notuntil 的用法(1) 在肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为“某动作一直延续到某点才停止”。You may stay here till/un til the rain stops.你得在这里呆到雨停。(2) 在否定句中，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”He won't go to bed till (un til) she returns.直到她回来他才睡。notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法。It was not until you

7、told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型)Not un til you told me did I have any idea of it. (not until 置于句首，主句要倒装)Not un til he came back did he find his house had bee n broke n in to.4. before 和 since 的用法(1) 连词before表示“还未就”，“不到就”，“才”，“趁还没来得及”Before they reached the stati on, the train had gone.We had

8、 n't run a mile before he felt tired.Please write it dow n before you forget it.(2) before的句型：It will be +时间段+before从句，表示“多久之后才”。It will be half a year before I come back.It won't be long before we meet aga in.(3)since的句型：It is/has been +时间段+since从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词，表示“自从有多久”；若从句的谓语为延续性动词，表示“自从结

9、束/完成起有多久”。It is three years since the war broke out.It is three years since he lived here.二.地点状语从句1. 地点状语从句可用where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等引导。地点状语从句可用于主句之前或之后。You are free to go wherever you like.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.无火不生烟(既无风

10、不起浪)。2. 注意区分引导的定语从句与状语从句。where引导的地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句 )You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句 )原因状语从句1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering t

11、hat 等,每个连词的含义不尽相同。(l)because用来回答 why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后；since表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首；(3) as多用于口语，语气比 because， since弱，表示的理由是明显的或被认为是已知的，是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句，可放在句首或句尾，放在句尾时，as可省略。I can ' t go， (as) I am busy.(4) co nsideri ng that, seei ng that, now that和si nee的意义相似，都有"鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。As it

12、 is raining, we shall not go to the park.Now that/Si nee everybody is here, let's begin our meeti ng.既然大家都到了，我们就开始我们的会议。My friends dislike me because I 'm han dsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, let's begi n our conference.四. 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for

13、 fear that , in case, lest等。1.in order that 与 so that两个连词都意为"以便，为了”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词；in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。ni speak slowly so that you can un dersta nd me.In order that we might see the sun rise, we started for the peak early.The boss asked the secretary

14、to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.2.for fear that, in case 与lest这些从属连词本身带有否定意义，意为"以免，以防”，相当于 so thatnot或 in order thatnot.The boy hid himself beh ind the treein case/for fear that his father should see him.Take your rain coat in case/lest it should rain.五. 结果状语从句1.引导结果状语从句

15、的从属连词有：so that, sothat. , suchthat。其结构形式为：fso +形容词/副词+ that从句so +形容词I a/an I可数勒词单数形式I thatM句tso + many/much/fbw/little + 名词 + 从句rsucli + a/an +形容词+可数名词单数形式+ thsit从句such I形容词复数勒词形式/不可数名词I thatM句such + a lot oBlots of+ 名词从句Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.= Mike is such an honest wor

16、ker that we all believe him.He earned so little money that he could n't support his family.He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It ' ssch a good chance that we must not miss it.区别 so.that 和 such.that 的用法名前such，形、副so, that从句跟在后；多多少少必用 so,特别注意是little ;"小”用 such,"少”用so。六. 条

17、件状语从句常用引导词：if, un less,特殊弓丨导词：as/so long as, only if, provid in g/provided that, suppos ing that, i n case that, on con diti onthatWe ll start our project if the preside nt agrees.You will certa inly succeedso long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting

18、 here.七、方式状语从句：引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，正如”；其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。Do as you are told to, or you'll be fired.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.When in Rome, do as the Roma n do.She behaved as if she w

19、ere the boss.八. 让步状语从句1. although/though, even though/if引导让步状语从句although与though两者意思相同，一般可以互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。He is un happy though/although he has a lot of mon ey.尽管他很有钱，但是他不幸福。Even though/if it is raining, we'll go there.2. as引导让步状语从句as从句一般放在主句之前，用倒装语序。从句中的表语或状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前 置时要省略冠词。Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是孩子，他却懂得很多。Much as I like it I won't buy it, for it's too expe nsive.虽然我很喜欢，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。3. 疑问词+ ever, no matter +疑问词与 w