中考英语专项复习教案

1、中考专项复习教案初三使用初中英语时态与语态分析与归纳Tiger纵观现行的初中英语教材，无论是人教版、新目标、广州版等等，都没有脱离教学大纲的要求；对于时态 和语态的要求是一致的。在初中阶段，学生必须了解和掌握八种时态，两种语态。只有很好地掌握好时态 和语态，才能为进一步运用语言打下坚实的基础。下面，我们一起对此做一分析和归纳。（一） 时态所谓时态，在英语中，就是通过动词的不同形式变化来表达不同时间内以不同的方式发生的动作或存在的 状态。初中阶段要求掌握的时态如下表：时式问一般进行完成现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时将来一般将来时不做要求不做要求过去将来一般过

2、去将来时不做要求不做要求从上面的表格中，我们可以整体上把握时态的形式与结构；我们再具体分析如下：1. 一般现在时2. 含义：一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态、习惯或客观事实与真理。3. 基本结构：主语（非第三人称单数）+动词原形（be例外） .I play tennis .主语（第三人称单数）+动词第三人称单数形式.She doesn ' t play tennis. The train leaves every morning at 8 a.m.4. 基本用法：A）表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。特征：常常与频度副词或时间状语连用如：always ,usuall

3、y , ever, never , often , sometimes , every day （ week , month etc ）等等。经典例析：Peter often goes to his office by underground .”皮特常常坐地铁上班。”Father doesn ' t smoke ."父亲不吸烟。”B）表示不受时间限制的客观存在。所谓不受时间限制的客观存在即包括客观真理、格言、科学事实等等。 注意：在宾语从句中，动词时态不变。“太阳东升西落。.The sun rises in the east and sets in he west .A r

4、olling stone gathers no mo ss. “滚石不生苔”。Our teacher said that the moon turns around the earth .C) 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等等。. John is an American .She has brown hair .5. 特别提醒：一般现在时表示将来时间：1）某些瞬间动词如： begin , come , start , leave, arrive, go , come ,stop, return ,open , close 等等，强调事实的客观性或不可变更时，常常用一般现在时替代一般将来时。. T

5、he plane leaves at 7:30 .Class begins at 8:00 every morning .2 ）由 if / when / as soon as / before 等 引导的条件状语从句或时间状语从句（动词时态用一般现在时） ， 主句用一般将来时或祈使句，或者主句含有情态动词 +（ V 原形）来表示将要发生的动作。. If the phone rings , can you answer itWill you go and help to get in the crops when the harvest time comesWork hard and you

6、will succeed .考点透析 ： 近来的中考题加大了综合能力的考查， 把几种时态糅合在一定的语境中或透过相应的句式结构来考查学生解题对策：不能单一地从语法角度考虑，而应是结合语境，综合思考。6. 中考链接：A. watchA. will comeThey usuallyB. will watchTV in the evening . (C. are watchingI ll tell Mrs. Green about it as soon as sheB. is comingC. comes北京 1999 )D. watchesback . (D. came浙江 2000 ) - Ca

7、n you guess if theyto play basketball with usI think they ll come if they _ free . ( 2001辽宁A. come ; areB. will come ; will beC. will come ;areD. come ; will be We will have to clean the plates before Motherhome . (2003广东 ）A. will comeB. is comingC. comeD. comes We re not sure if ittomorrow . If it,

8、 we wont climb the South Hill ( 2004西宁市 ）A.will snow ; snowsB. will snow ; will snowC. snows ; snowsD. snows ; will snowHe s aid that light much faster than sound . ( 沈阳 )A. travelledB. will travelC. travelsD. is travelingII.一般过去时1 基本结构：主语 + 动词过去式（ 规则动词是在其后+ ed , 不规则动词变化要记住）2 基本用法：A） 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

9、特征：常常与频度副词连用如： always , usually 等等B） 表示过去习惯性的动作，但现在已终止。用 used to 来表示。C） 表示在过去某一时间内的某个时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 特征： 常常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用如： yesterday, last week , just now , a week ago , in 1998, when she was14 等等。D） 特别提醒：特殊句式： It is / has been + 时间名词 + since 从句 （ 用一般过去式）3 中考链接： Sorry , Miss Wang . I the key

10、to the door of the classroom at home. I have togo back for it （ 2001 黑龙江 ）A. leftB. missedC. forgot D. lost It ten years since they to France . （ 2001河北 ）A. was; moved B. was; have moved C. is ; have movedD. is; moved - I m sorry , Mr Wang . I my homework at home- That s OK . But don t forget it to

11、school tomorrow . （ 2004 安徽芜湖）A. forgot ; to takeB. left ; to bringC. forgot ; to bringD. left ; to take He used to very late , but now he is used to early . （2003潍坊市 ）A. get up ; getting upB. get up ; get upC. getting up ; get upD. getting up ; getting upIII. 一般将来时1 基本结构：A. 主语 + will / shall + V 原形

12、 （通常 shall 用于第一人称 ）B. 主语 + be going to + V 原形 （ be 随着主语的变化，而对应变化）2 基本用法：1） 表示在将来某个时间内要发生的动作或存在的状态。特征：常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：等等。tomorrow , next week （ month , year etc. ） from now on . My father will go to Beijing tomorrow .3 特别提醒：1） be going to + V 原形 ； will +V 原形 在表示“将来”的区别。A. 表示说话人的计划、打算、或准备要做的事，常用 be go

13、ing to 结构表达。. He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii .We re going to meet each other tonight at 7:00 PM.B. 表示根据现有的情况一种推测或预言将要发生的事情。常用 be going to 结构表达。. Look at the cloud. It is going to rain .2） 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时来表示将来。. I ll give the note to him as soon as he comes back .4 中考链接： - Mike w

14、ants to know if a picnic tomorrow .- Yes. But if it , we ll visit the museum instead . （ 2001河北 ）A. you have ; will rainB. you will have ; will rainC. you will have ; rainsD. will you have ; rains I don t know if she me when she .（2000 黑龙江 ）A. tells ; arrivesB. tells; will arriveC. will tell ; will

15、arriveD. will tell ;arrives. - Do you know when the world cup next week- Next Friday . When it , I will ring you .A. begins ; beginB. begins ; will beginC. will begin ; will beginD. will begin ; beginsIV. 一般过去将来时1 含义：表示在过去某个时间内将要发生的动作。2 基本结构： would + V 原形 ; was /were going to + V 原形。常常用于宾语从句中。 经典例析：

16、She said that she would go to Sweden .Tom said he was going to swim next week3 特别提醒： would 常常缩写成为 d. 如： I d ; you d . 等。4 中考链接：1） The teacher said that she us to the park the next day . （北京 1993 ）A. will takeB. has takenC. would takeD. is taking2） - What did the scientists say （2001广州 ）- He said he

17、wondered if into space by spaceship one day .A. he had to flyB. he could flyC. can be flyD. could he flyV.现在进行时1 基本结构：主语+ be + V ing （be 的形式随主语的变化而变化 ）2 基本用法：1） 表示现在正在进行的动作。特征：常常与now 或具体的时间连用，有时句中会有感官动词来提示， 或上下文来暗示。. Look ! The car is coming to you .- What are you doing- I m writing a letter to my m

18、other.2） 表示现阶段一直进行的动作。特征：这类动词常常是延续性动词。常与at present ， this week ,these days 等连用。. At present , computers are playing a more and more important role .3 特别提醒：A. 表示位置移动的动词如： come , go , leave , arrive , start , begin , fly , return 等，常常用其进行时来表示将来。. I am leaving for Nanjing tomorrow .B. 感官动词不能用于进行时态。如： s

19、ee , hear, smell , taste, feel等等。C. 表示感情的动词如： love ,hate , fear, like , prefer等不能用于进行时。D. 表示思考和理解意义的动词如： know , understand , believe, think , forget, remember 等等不能用于进行时。4中考链接：.Don t talk loudly here. My little baby . （ 2003辽宁 ）A. has gone out B. is sleepingC. sleeps D. went to school People in Qingd

20、ao learning English to get ready for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. is active inB. takes an active part in（2003 青岛 ）C. are taking an active part inD. are joining Be quick ,the monitor for you in the library . （河南 ）A. was waitingB. waitsC. is waitingD. waitedVI. 过去进行时1 基本结构： 主语 + be （was / were ） + V ing

21、（形式）2 基本用法：表示在过去某个时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。特征：常常与表示过去的时间状语连用如：then , at this / that time , at 9 last night等等。经典例析：I was watching TV at 9 last night .3 特别提醒：表示位置移动的动词如： come , go , leave , arrive , start , begin , fly , return等，常常用其进行时来表示过去将来要发生的动作。He didn t said when he was going .特殊句式：A. 主语 + （ 过去进行时）；

22、when 引导的从句（一般过去时） 表示动作的暂时性When she knocked at the door , I was doing my homework.有时，when 引导的从句，也可以用进行时，关键看这个动词是不是延续性动词。When I was walking in the park , I dropped my wallet .B. 主语 + （一般过去时）； while 引导的从句（ 过去进行时） 表示动作的延续性While Jim was making a cake , the bell rang .C. 主语 + （过去进行时）； while 引导的从句（ 过去进行时）

23、表示两个动作同时发生或进行 Some students were playing basketball , while others were walking around the corner .4 中考链接：1） When her father came back home , Joan with her friend . （ 2002南州市 ）A. talkedB. talksC. is talkingD. was talking2） - Hi! Lin Tao . I didn t see you at the party .- Oh, I ready for the maths ex

24、am .A. am getting B. was gettingC. gotD. have got3） When the teacher came in , the students about the new film . （ 2004 乌鲁木齐 ）A. are talking B. were talkingC. talked D. talks4） - Rick ! Your jacket is wet through . Didn t you listen to the weather report this morning- No, I didn t . I was in a hurry

25、 . Besides , it when I left . （ 2004广州市 ）A. hadn t rained B. would rainC. rainedD. wasn t rainingVII. 现在完成时1 基本结构：主语+ have / has + V ed（形式）2 基本用法：1） 表示过去发生的动作， 但强调对现在产生的影响。 特征： 不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。 如： yesterday , last week , when I was a child , at that moment , that day , when I lived in Japan .等等； 但常常与

26、 ever , never , already , once , many times , several times , before , so far , yet , just等一起使用。经典例析：I have seen that movie three times .There have been many earthquakes in California .2） 表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去的动作或状态。特征：常常与since , for , inthe past + 时间名词， in the last + 时间名词 时间状语连用 , 而且谓语动词要求是延续性动词

27、。经典例析：I have lived in Guangzhou for five years .My English has really improved since I moved to Australia .The old farmer has been dead for a month . （不能用 has died ）3）表示一种“经历或体验”. 既可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。经典例析：I think I have seen that movie before .He has never traveled by train .3 特别提醒：区分have been to 与

28、 have gone tohave / has been to “表示到过/ 去过某地”强调此人在此地。Have gone to "表示去的途中“强调此人不在此地4 中考链接：5 I don t think I you in that dress before . （ 2003北京海淀区 ）D. seeA. have seenB. was seeing C. saw6 - Mum, may I go out and play basketballyouyour homework yet（ 2003 天津 ）A. Do ; finishB. Are ; finishing3） - Lu

29、cy , you your ticket- Not yet .A. did ; findB. have ; foundC. Did ; finishD. Have ; finished（ 2003 河北 ）C. has; found D. do ; find（ 2003 黄岗 ）4） - Oh, Mrs King , your necklace looks nice . Is it new- No, I it for two years .A. hadB. have hadC. boughtD. have bought5） - Where s Mr Lee I have something u

30、nusual to tell him . （ 2003黑龙江 ）- You find him . He Japan .A. may not ; has gone toB. may not; has been toC. can t ; has gone toD. can t ; has been toVIII.过去完成时1 基本结构： 主语 + had + V ed （分词 ）2 基本用法：1）表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。就是“过去的过去”经典例析：I had studied a little English when I came to the U. S.2）表示从过去某一

31、时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。特征：常常与由for / since 引导的表示一段时间或从句连用。Comrade Hu had taught in No. 1 Middle School for ten years before he came here.3 特别提醒：当我们强调动作的先后关系，句子由 before , after , as soon as , when等引导从句，从句用一般过去时，此时，主句的时态可以用过去完成时也可用一般过去时。I had finished my homework be fore 10 o clock yesterday evening .Whe

32、n we got to the cinema the movie had begun .By the end of last year , I had collected five hundred stamps .4 .中考链接：1） - Did you see Tom at the party- No, he by the time I got there.A. leftB. was leavingC. had leftD. has left2 ） Why didn' t you go to the movie yesterday一Because I it before .（ 2 0

33、 0 4 山东烟台）A. had watched B. have seenC. have watchedD. had seen（ 二 ） 语态所谓语态，就是说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。分两种形式：主动语态：句中的主语是动作的执行者或发出者。被动语态：句中的主语是动作的承受者或接受者。语态的考查是全国各地中考的热点，也是初中必须掌握的语法之一。我们重点学习被动语态。? 实际上 , 英语中的被动式就相当于汉语表达中的”把字句和被字句” . 即 : ”把怎样“； ”被怎样”初中阶段我们学习了七被动式结构，归纳如下：一般现在时的被动式：?结构：am /is / are + Ved（过去分词）

34、?例句：My brother asks me to clean the windows.（ 主动句句式）? 步骤：?1）.找到主动句中的宾语，如果有双宾语（间宾/直宾），把间宾作为被动句中的主语?2）.确定主动句中的动词时态.?3）.对应变换为被动结构.?4).有时，主动句中的主语在被动式中可省略.?被动式：I am asked to clean the windows by( my brother )现在完成式的被动式：?结构：主语+ have / has + been +Ved.?例句：?We have finished our homework already.?改： Our homew

35、ork has been finished already (by us )现在进行时的被动式：?结构： am / is / are + being Ved?例句：?Look, the students are playing basketball in the open air.?Basketball is being played by the students in the open air .过去式的被动结构：一般过去时的被动式：?结构：was / were + Ved?例句：?We cooked the lunch an hour ago .?改：The lunch was cook

36、ed ( by us ) an hour ago .?We didn ' t make the model plane.?The model plane wasn ' t made by us.过去进行时的被动式：?结构： was / were + being + Ved?例句：?He was watching TV when I called him last night.?TV was being watched by him when I called him last night .过去完成式的被动式 ：?结构：had +been+ V ed?例句：?By the end of last term , we had learned about eight hundred English words .?About eight hundred English words had been learned by us ,by the end of lastterm .一般将来时的被动式:?