动名词精讲及巩固练习(有答案)

1、高一动名词的运用（一）、动名词的定义：动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。（二）、动名词的特征和类别：A.特征：动词原形+mg构成，具有名词，动词一些特征。B.类别：主动态被动态一般式writingbeing writing完成式having writinghaving been written（三）、动名词的用法：1、作主语Reading is an art.读书是一种艺术。Clinibmg mountains is really Rm.爬山真是有趣Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a

2、suffer.在这种匚作条件卜工作不是一件愉 快的事而是一件痛苦的事。动名词作主语，有时先用It作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常 用如：It is no use/no good crying over split niilk. 覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to jom us.劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间 。It was hard getting on the crowded street car.上这种拥挤的车真难It is fim playing with children.和孩子们一起玩真好。Tl

3、iere is no joking about such matters.对这种事情不是开玩笑。动名词作主语的几种类型动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语 的情况进行讨论。动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：1 .直接位于句首做主语。例如：Swimming is a good sport in summer.2 .用it作形式主语，把动名词（真实主语）置于句尾作后置主语。动名词做主语时，不太常用X作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例 如： It is no use tellmg lum not to worry.常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：b

4、etter, wonderfiih enjoyable» interesting, foolish, difficult useless > senseless worthwhile, 等 0注意：important> essential, necessaty等形容词不能用于上述结构。3 .用于There be结构中。例如：Tliere is no saying when hell come.很难说他何时回来°4 .用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如：No smoking （ =No smoking is allowed （here）.（禁止吸烟） No parkm

5、g.（禁止停车）5 .动名词的复合结构作主语当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的 复合结构（一一这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语）。动名词的复合结构也可以 在句中作主语 o 例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.6 .例词shopping fishmg cycling这些都是很常见的动名词注意：动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较：动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作， 不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较：Smoking

6、 is not good for health.It is not good for you to smoke so much.注意：1）在口语中，用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。2）在一It is no use. II » It is no good. II , It is fim. II > It is a waste of time. II 等句型 中，通常用动名词作真实主语：It is no use/good a waste of tmie talking about that. *It is no use/good'a waste of tmie to

7、talk abou t that.3）在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：Does yoin saying tliat mean anything to hun? *Does for you to say that mean anything to hmi?4）在一There be句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：There is no tellmg what will happen. It is impossible to tell what will happen.5）当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上 要

8、求统Seeing is believing. *To see is to believe.2、作宾语（1）作动词的宾语某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有： advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider eiijoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, k eep on,ninid. miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on. think about, set about,

9、 succeed in, w orry about, burst out, insist on. can't stand, be used to, get used to, devote.to., look fbnvard to, pay attention to, get down to.escape 等。如:Tliey went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走，说个不停。I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。Mark often attempts to

10、escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。(2)作介词的宾语We are thuikiiig of niakmg a new plan for die next term.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的“,划。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我们休息呢还是开始干活？(3)作形容词的宾语The music is well worth listeiimg to more than once.这种曲子很值得多听几

11、遍。We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。3、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动 名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is cleanmg the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户 ° (Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is bemg laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Bemg laughed at

12、 is what I hate most.)4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。a walking stick=a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkuiga washing inachine=a macliine for washing=a macliine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for readinga measuring tape=a tape for measunng=a t

13、ape which is used for measuring sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleepmg（四）、动名词的逻辑主语：带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一 致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物 主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可 作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如：Her coining to help encouraged all

14、 of us. 他 来帮忙 鼓舞了 我 们 所 有 人 o （=That she came to help encouraged all of us.） Jane's being careless caused so much troub le.简的粗心惹来了 不少麻烦口 （=That Jaiie was careless caused so much trouble.）What's troublmg them is their not having enougli food, 烦扰他 们的是 食物不 足 ° （=What's troubling them i

15、s that they have not enough food.）在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常 用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：Would you mmd my/me using your computer?用下你的电脑介意吗？Tlie father insisted on his son&his son going to college,爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学°Mary's （不可用 Mary） bemg ill made her mother upset.玛丽病 了，使她妈妈很着急。Hi

16、s （不可用Hini）smoking made his family angry.他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语：a.无命名词Tlie baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。b.有生命名词但表示泛指意义Have you ever heard of women practising boxuig?你听说过妇女练拳击吗？ c.两个以上的有 生命名词并列Do you remember your parents and me tellmg about thi

17、s?你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事 吗？（五）、动名词的时态和语态：主动语态、被动语态、一般式 writing、being written、完成式 having written、having been written其否定形式是在domg前加上not1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的 动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如：I hate talking with such people.我 讨厌与这样的人说话,Bemg careless is not a good habit.粗心不是一个好习惯。2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动

18、词动作之前。如：I don ' t remember having met him before.我记不得以前见过他。Thank you for having takmg so much trouble to help.谢谢你费力帮忙。3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。（1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。如：I don 't like being laughed at in public.在公共场合卜，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：I am very pleased at you

19、r having been honoured with a medal.我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌u（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之 前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如：Excuse me for being late.我来晚 了 请你原谅。I don't remember ever meeting somewhere.我记不得原来在什么地方见过。Tliaiik you for giving us so much help.谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累 赘，尤其是在口

20、语中。如：I forget once being taken （having been taken ） to the city zoo.我曾被带到过这个动物|园，可 我忘了。（5）动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形，但无进行意义，being不可省 略。如：She is afraid of being taken to die public.她怕被领到大众面前。（六）、动名词的常考点：1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词3）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例:I would appreciate ba

21、ck this aftenioon.A. you to call B. yon call C. you calling D. you re calling （Key： C：换成 your calling 也对）4）有些词后只能接动名词 admit; appreciate; avoid: celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer: delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse: explain： fancy; feel like: f

22、inish; forgive; can't hel p; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means: mention: imnd; niiss: it necessitates; pardon; postp one; practice; prevent; recall; report： resent; resist; risk: suggest; imderstand.5）另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法It's no good; it ' s no/little/hardly any/ use; it's n

23、otliardly/scarcely use; it'sworthwhile： spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there s nothing worse than; what's t he ase/pomt. 6）有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义截然不容, 例：remember to do/domg ：（Di remembered to post the lett

24、ers.（指未来/过去未来将要做的动作）I remembered postmgliaving posted the letters.（我记得做过这个动作）forget 与 remember 的用法类似。regret的用法：I regret to inform you tliaf* （我很遗憾地通知你）I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（为了 一二十年前的离开而遗憾。）try to （努力）与 tty+-ing （试验）：You really must try to overcome your shyness.Try prac

25、ticing five hours a day.（七）、动名词与现在分词的同与不同:动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing.在现代语法中，这 两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的， 它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在 分词短语去担当句子成分。例如：Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerfill.（现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场 所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。She hates speaking

26、 m the public.（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。区别：1、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变, 例如：My hobby is swimming.司一改为Swimming is my hobby.（可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换）现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置，例如：Tlie story is mterestmg .不可改为Interesting is the story.2、动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于：动名词修饰名

27、词时主要 表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试匕匕丰攵：a swmmimg boy 和 a swimming suit前者的意思是一个正在游泳的男孩，即a boy who is swimming，现在分词swimming表示 被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是游泳，即a suit for swimming ,动名词swimming 表示suit的用途。，a sleeping child 和 a sleepmg car前者的意思是一个正在睡觉的孩子，即a child who is sleepmg，现在分词sleepmg表示被修 饰名词child正处于的状态；而后者的意

28、思是一卧车（被用来睡觉的车厢）， 即 a car which is used for sleeping，动名词 sleepmg 表示 car 的用途。二、课堂练习一、用所给动词的适当形式填空：l.Can you iniagme yourself in a lonely island? （stay）1.1 cant imderstaiid your at that poor child. (laugh)1.5 he didn't mind overtime. (work)4 .To make a living, he tried, and "various other thin

29、gs, but he had failed in all.( write; paint)5 .We are looking fbrward to Marys. (come)6 . She was praised for the life of the child, (save)7.She ought to be praised instead of. (criticize).8.1s tliere any possibility of our die championship? (win)9.He came to the party without. (invite)二.单项选择：1 .No

30、one enjoys at.A. lauglimg B. to laugh C. bemg langlied D. to be langlied2 .You must do somethnig to prevent your house.A. to be broken in B. from bemg broken in C. to break in D. from breaknig in3 .They insisted on another chance to try.A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given4 . - Where is

31、my passport? I remember it here.-You shouldn't have left it here. Remember it with you all the tmie.A. to put： to take B. putting： taking C. putting： to take D. to put： taking5.His room needs, so he must have it.1 . painting； painted B. pamted： paiiitmg C. pamtrng： paintmg D. pamted： painted6 .

32、After finishing his homework he went on a letter to his parents.A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write7 .The young trees we planted last week require with great care.A. looking after B. to look afterC. to be looked after D. taken good care of8.Only English doesiit mean the language.A. to leam； to

33、learn B. learning； learningC. leamuig about； learn D. learning about： learning9.She renirned home only to find the door open and somethmg.A. missed B. to be niissmg C. missing D. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself the problem of old age.A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study11 .Re

34、member the newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back12 .As she is looking forward to from me, please remember this letter on your way to school.A. hear： post B. hearing： to post C. be heard； postmg D. be hearing： to posting13 .Grandma said that she

35、 had a lot of trouble your handwriting.A. to read B. to see C. readmg C. in seemg 14.Writmg stories and articles what I enjoy most.A. is B. are C. was D. were 15.We appreciate us to the ball.A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited16 . Would you muid quiet for a moment? Fm t

36、rying a form.A. keepmg； filling out B. to keep： to fill out C. keeping： to fill out D. to keep： filling out17 .He was afraid for being late.A. of seeing B. of bemg seen C. to be seen D. to have seen18 .Fd like to suggest the meeting till next week.A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put

37、 off19.1 don't see how I could possibly manage the work without.A. finish； helping B. to finish： being helped C. fitiisliing： helpmg D. fimshiiig； bemg helped20. Anything worth is worthy of well.A. domg； bemg done B. doing： domgC. to be done； to be done D. to be done； bemg done21. We advised the

38、m to take a rest, but they insisted the work.A. finish B. to finish C. in finishing D. on finishing22.1 delayed your letter because I had been away for a week.A. answer B. answering C. writing D. to post23. Tlie thief drove as fast as he could to escape by tlie police.A. to be caught B. be caught C.

39、 being canglit D. catching24.1 searched for my wallet and it wasn't there.At first, I thought I it at home. Then I remembered it out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left： to take B. may leave： taking C. might leave： to take D. could have left； taking25 .the news of his fathers death, he burst i

40、nto tears.A. After hearing B. Oil hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard26 . his motlier, the baby could not help.A. To see： to laugh B. Seeing： to laugh C. Seemg； laughing D. To see； laughing27.1 t's no use so much money on clothes.A. spend B. spent C. spending D. bemg spent28.The sentence ne

41、eds.A. improve B. a inwovement C. improving D. improved29.1 f he succeeded a job, his children wouldn't be sufiering from hunger now.A. to find B. to look for C. in finding D. in lookmg for30.1 still remember to my home town when I was young.A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. to take三、课后作业1) M

42、ark often attents to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A) having been fined B) to have been fined C) to be fined D) being fined2 ) My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate from you sometime.A) to have heard B) to hear C) for hearing D) hearing3 ) The thief took away the woman

43、=s wallet witliout.A) being seen B) seeing C) him seeing D) seeing him4 ) People appreciate wit him because he lias a good sense of humor.A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) have working5 ) I've eiyoyed to talk with you.A) to be able B ) being able C) to been able D) of being able6 ) No o

44、ne can avoid by advertisements.A) to be influenced B ) bemg influenced C) uifluenciiig D) having influenced7 ) They are considermg before the prices go up.A) of buying the house B ) witli buying the house C) buying die house D) to buy die house8 ) He thouglit that.A) the efibrt domg the job was not

45、worth B) die effort was not worth in doing die jobC) it was not worth the effort doing the job D) it was not worth the efibrt by doing the job9 ) If I had remembered the door, the tluiigs would not have been stolen.A) to lock B) lockmg C) to have locked D) having locked10 ) Your sliirt needs. You

46、9;d better have it done today.A) iron B ) to iron C) ironing D) being ironed11) ) Ybu can=t help commercials; every few minutes the program is intemipted to giveyou one advertisement or another.A) to hear B) to be heard C) hearing D) witli hearing12) My transistor radio isn't working. It.A) need

47、 repairing B) needs to repair C) needs repairing D) need to be repaired13) ) It is no use me not to worry.A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D) having told14) ) He is very busy his papers. He is far too busy callers.A) to write ： to recen*eB) writing ： to recent C) writing ； receivi

48、ng D) to write ：for receiving15) ) The suspect at last admitted stolen goods but denied them.A) receiving selling B) to receive to sellC) to receiving to selling D) to have received to have sold16) She apologized for to come.A) her not being able B ) her being not able C ) not being able D) that she

49、s not able to17) I really appreciate to help me, but I am sine that I can manage by myself.A) you to offer B) that you offer C) yoin ofieriiig D ) that you are offering18) Please stop, boys, I have sometliiiig important to you.A) saying talk B) telling say C) talking speak D) talking tell19) Tony, w

50、ould you go and see if Sam has any difficulty his tape recorder?A) to fix B) fixing C) for fixing D) fix20) Why isn't Nancy going to meet us ? It's my fault. I forgot all about her.A) telephonmg to B) to telephone C) to telephone to D) the telephoning to21) Why were you late? I had a hard tu

51、ne up this morning.A) to get B) get C) got D) getting22) I remember to help us if we ever got into troubles.A) once offering B ) him once ofieriiig C) him to ofier D) to offer him23) Jolin regretted to tlie meetmg last week.A) not going B) not to go C) not having been gomg D) not to be going24) It i

52、s difficult to get used ui a tent after having soft, comfortable bed to lie on.A) sleep B) to sleeping C) slept D) to sleep25) He gives people the impression many poems.A) of having written B) to have written C) of being written D) to write26) Do you feel like out or would you rather dinner at home?

53、A) gomg to have B) to go to have C) to go having D) going have27) ) Prior to the formal speech, first he will introduce himself.A) delivering B ) deliver C) bemg delivering D) being delivered28) I don=t imnd by bus, but I hate ill queues.A) to travel standing B) having traveled standingC) traveling

54、to stand D) traveling standing29)What about double quantities of everythmg today ? We have hardly time to go next week.A) buying to shop B) buy shoppingC) buying shoppmg D) to buy shoppmg30) Ns had some trouble the house and nobody seemed where it was.A) in finding knowing B) finding to knowC) to fi

55、nd knowingD) to find to know31) Ns can_t miagiiie in the entrance examination» for she has never been to school.A) she succeeding B) her succeeding C) she succeed D ) her to succeed32) I don=t like at me.A) them laughing B ) their laugh C) tliein laugh D) them to have laughed33) Ns suggested in

56、 hotels but die cluldren were anxious out.A) sleeping to can里B) sleeping canning C) to sleep to camp D) to sleep campmg34) ) I have no objection the evening with them.A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending35) After for die job, you will be required to take a language test.A) being int

57、erviewed B) interviewed C) interviewing D) having interviewed36)Tlie match was canceled because most of the members a match witliout a standard court.A) objected to having B ) were objected to haveC) objected to have D) were objected to having37)Jean did not have time to go to the concert last mglit

58、 because she was busy for her examiiiation.A) to prepare B ) to be prepared C) preparing D) beuig prepared38)It is no good remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned.A)trying to B) to try to C)tryto D) tried to39) Afterhim better, I regretted him unfairly.A)getting to know to judgeB)getting to knowto have judgedC)getting to have k