2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中语法讲练学案(9页word版)

1、2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中语法考点大搜索练学案语法填空重在语境中考查考生的综合语言运用能力。它是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道 的英语文章中，在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上，挖去 1。个空所为，这1 o个空根据有无提示词可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种。试卷年份语篇类型主题语境有提示词类无提示词类谓语动词非谓语动词词类转换名词代词比较级冠词介词副词代词连词与从句全国卷I2019说明文人与自然一一动物介绍22211112018说明文人与自我跑步运动122111112017说明文人与自我健康饮食22111111全国卷U2019记叙文人与自我一一人物介绍232122018

2、说明文人与自然生态保护2231112017说明文人与社会地铁历史2131111全国卷山2019记叙文人与社会-旅行经历2231112018记叙文人与自然森林偶遇131111112017记叙文人与自我一一人物介绍2221111命题规if探究总从近三年高考来看，语法填空的考点分布如下：、有提示词类：设置7个小题周频考 占谓语动词12题：考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的 不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。非谓语动词13题：考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。派生词13题：考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词 或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。名词0 1题：主要考查可数名

3、词的复数，也可能会考查名词的 所有格。形容词和副词类01题：主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。低频考点，代词：01题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。二、无提示词类：设置3个小题段J频介词。1题：重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介考占词，一般不涉及短语介词。冠词01题：重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠 词，一般不涉及零冠词。从属关联词。2题：侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语 从句的引导词也偶有涉及。低频考占并列连词。1题：并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。其他01题：包括助动词（如强调谓语动词的do,

4、 does, did ；构 成部分倒装的d。, does, did ；构成一般疑问句的do, does, did），构成强调结构的it或that,连接性副词（before, ago, however, any way.） 等。高效备寺策崎丹芒龙心如何应对提示词为动词题【思维流程】=> ItiM 诅撷示词 井析旬7诫护忡已灯谐序动词.而11双井刊作非谓1耐时u 语I 时奈惶抠hTE文 ?浴蛊一觇擦芍主语的吴慕若铃中：i电甦KM kBttMV没有别）作目的状语姜用塞定武的谓语2在弁词乔应布实焉用动弼同 动辄$ .覆示主副剧18什用现彳空竹两4.老示At动m完虚用过去分闾$.惟动词”的y+ M

5、*零的媒谁用动翳伺有MM.ft fYiL dKide, refUH*孚的宾蔚用不定式但耳之ffMM昂井列书据郭作诃子虞5> 转换为窑词戒盼弄同斐鬲苦崔3中不惟调追动网*而11 乂 不作卡迥旌词时示例1(2019 全国卷 I )ln recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut65 .(report) in creases inbear sightings around human settlements , leading to a66 .belief that populations are in creas ing.分析：分析句子结构可知，缺少谓

6、语， 故应填谓语动词。由时间状语fn recent years可知，句子用现在元成时；再由 主语some Inuit people”可知，谓语动 词应用复数形式，故谓语动词用have reported示例21(2019 全国卷 n )When we got acall 68.(say) she was分析：分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓 语动词got，空处应填非谓语动词。short-listed, we thought it was 69.a joke.再由句意可知，say与前面的a call之 间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语 saying.作后置语，修饰a call。如何应对提示词为其他词题【

7、思维流程】提竦例夫他i1(2018 全国卷 I )Two of the authors of the review also made a study published irT如丽,有羔示比较的亦”2014 66.that/which showed a mere five分析：cause表示“原因，不和讦冷比屹锻F函屈F起因时是可数名词，且前悭吓同为何客河艾l一旬中含自住Tit范国料to 10 minutes a day of running reduced词、 the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67.(cause).&#

8、169;W all修饰，故填cause的复数形式causes示例2(2019 全国卷 JI|)They also shared with us many 67.(tradition) storiesabout Hawaii that were 68.hugely(huge) popular with tourists.分析：所填词修饰名词 stories，故应用 tradition 的 形容词形式traditional。示例 3(2019 全国卷 I )lt is difficult to figure out a global populati on of polar bears as mu

9、ch of the range has been 62. (poor) studied.分析：此处修饰动词studied,故应用形容词poor 的副词形式poorly o示例4(2019 全国卷 I )Scientists have responded by 67.noting(note) that hungry bears may be con gregati ng 聚集) around human settlements , leading to分析：根据空格后的than可 知，此处应用high的比较 级形式higher。如宋作解讪州氏恪R勺式提示诃为代河如沿作宦涪用庄痒诃性物主代诃ill

10、usion （错觉）that populations are 68.（high） than they actually are.示例5（2018 全国卷 川）When the gorillas and I frighte ned each other, I was just glad to find 68. （they） alive. True to agorilla *nsaggressive nature, the huge分析：分析句子结构可知， 此处作find的宾语，alive为 宾语补足语，故此处要用人 称代词的宾格。故填them。示例6（2016 全国卷 I ） On my rec

11、ent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68.（it）分析：根据空格后的名词 mother及前义中的a lively three-mo nth-old twin 可知 此处作定语，要用形容词性 物主代词its。如何应对纯空格题【思维流程】如果售诃皮代阿力旬中f作名语 代沿成功网的宾折时填介词T第二.步F-纯空侪眄结合旬子 意思.分 所旬子州 内画定堀 都类同如球空播后行名诃而目梢在搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含M,或方空格前后的“与虹网陶成假定短码,腌么空桥处般是场城同映少主语或宾语.定填代

12、词 所域代词上要是人称代词及作杉式 上遹或宾语的“如果两个的词、如语,句子相个网的成分相互之子存在并刊.转折 这排,因果关系填代同帼并列连河一隈据讪.；31T定兵体坨fl去介词、it词抚词”示例1 （2019 全国卷 I ） Modern methods 63. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.分析:a method of/for doing sth做某事的方法。示例2（2018 全国卷川）I was searchi ng 67. these three wester n l

13、owla nd gorillas I observ ing.分析:search for意为“寻找" een为固定搭 配，故填介词for。示例3（2019 全国卷 I ） Of 69.nineteenrecog ni zed polar bear subpopulati ons, thrpp分析：此处特指确认的19个北极熊亚种群，故如果空处引铮从旬.剜目先要6它所引导的是峰-种从句,然来恨 粼引导词的肿类和功能来确定填啾一个引导词埴引号同are declining, six 70.are （be） stable, one is in creas ing, and nine lack e

14、no ugh data.用定冠词the。示例4（2019 全国卷 n ） When we got a call68.saying （say） she was short-listed , wethought it was 69.joke.分析：joke “笑话，玩 笑”，是可数名词。空格 后用了单数joke，故其 前用a。示例5（2017 全国卷 n ） However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and with in six mon ths, more tha n 25,000 people were using 67

15、.every day.分析：指代前句中的therailway，故填 it。示例6（2016 全国卷川）In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl ” cultures qfCJapan Korea, 61.Vietnam,分析：这里列举了亚洲；hi na的一些国豕，匕们为并列关系，应用and。示例7（2019 全国卷 n ） Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62.she ope ned withher lat

16、e husba nd Les.分析：分析句子结构可 知，逗号后是非限制性定 语从句，the pet shop是 先行词，7E语从句中缺少 opened的宾语，故用 whicho示例8（2019 全国卷 I ） While they are rare north of 88 , there is evidenee 61theyrange all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Can ada.分析：分析句子结构可 知，所填词引导同位语从 句，解释说明evidenee 的具体内容，从句不缺少 成分且意义完整，故

17、用 that引导。【即时训练】As the rain starts to pound on the window§ you may find your dog hiding under a lowpiece of furniture or in the corner of a dark roomt' s not unusual for a dog to attemi(become)grounded during storms by seeking 2.lowest place in the house or some place near the house ' s

18、pipes.But why ? As you might suspect , noise is one of the 3.(reason).Thunderstormscan frighten dogs with noise phobia, 4.is asevere fear of loud noises.Noise phobias can start at any age and worsen over time if 5. (leave) un treated.Another reason is static electrty(静电).During a thunderstorm , stat

19、ic electricity in the clouds builds up, eventually 6.(burst)into lightning.Dogs can sense this static electricity , and often even before the storm reaches our own neighbourhood.Static electricity 7. (feel)by dogs through their fur.lt could be 8.(help)to gen tly lead your dog to the bathroom and int

20、o the bathtub as the porcelain 瓷 器)may 9.(actual)help block static electricity.At the same time , try not to take care 10. your dog too much.Otherwise, your dog may think that its behavior is something you' d like to seeaga in.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了狗害怕暴风雨的原因及狗的主人可采 取的应对办法。1. to become 考查非谓语动词。attem

21、pt to do sth意为“企图做某事”。2. the 考查定冠词。形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。3. reasons 考查名词复数。由one of the可知，设空处需填名词的复数形式，故填 reasons 4. which 考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰 noise phobia，且在从句中作主语，故填which o 5.left 考查非谓语动词。if从句常省去主语(与主句主语相同时)be动词，此处省略 they are,故填 left。6 .bursting 考查非谓语动词。static electricity与burst之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且设空处表意料之中的结果，

22、故填bursting。7 .is felt 考查时态和语态。由by dogs可知, Static electricity与feel之间是被动关系，且此处描述客观情况，故填is felt。8. helpful 考查形容词。设空处作表语，且句子意为“小心地把你的狗领到澡盆里可能会有用"，故填helpful。9. actually 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词help，故填副词actually。 10.of 考查介词。take care of意为“照顾”。B(2019 重庆市七校联考)As the effects of global warming, rising sea levels a

23、nd natural disasters become more serious 1 before，and some local communities are taking action.Among them is one community in Florida 2. localpeople and government officials are proving successful in protecting 3. (coast)cities from the dan gers of risi ng sea levels.The community has studied how mu

24、ch sea levels will rise and has suggested 4. (way)to address the problem.lt has persuaded the state government 5. (ba n) new developme nts on land n ear the coastl ine and recomme nded buildi ng sand dunes (沙丘)along beaches.Kristin Jacobs one of the group ' s foupdiesided to take action in 2008

25、after it became 6. (gradual) clear that her state water authorities couldn ' t agree on jo 联合的)action.'s27While some Florida gover nment officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or 7. (cold)， the people 8. (live) in these locations are certa in of the n eed to protect their com mun ities.At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate c