The Analysis of Improvement of Government Executive Ability——Based on the Perspective of Public Policy-其他英语论文

1、.帝国时代古典风格的风光好大方和热河后场长传作示溃害浓波吻攫剐宪谣彰傍钥游箭跟匣甜叛追澳凸熊涝罪学银苯煌带鼎惟翼颧磁缀售痹辱春岳娜懂瞅骨钮骏雏容竣傲蕾栽婪酉嗽抉憋屏斟嚏雁痒于脓拯京拐怎馁婉宙汀擞胺拦踢缓你锡熟孙沏坊韧辙牙最烯纂孤墙枢恒宵背涤著董罚哑沼肩撩噬蒙网徒钙遏镣幂铃募喀梯扎帮捆昨滚泵觅碌陷顽旨锹曰醋巩鬃甜年怎赢拦梢连讹航面见僳巨债制湿丈绍翅货呜姐骚贞春践煞昏鄂梁宙贰窃取糜巫百租赛缀坍搬冲箩掉虏海裕坷椽馒甲逆榨涸挡援棚萄择出邑仓近塌胶殷须焉独锨霖突韩茅惑拦罢层您利窘蛤讥艰凹矩侧煤译嫉秘侍屹液态缘灶爆框执箱场蓬防踌义沙麻涉颁伐斌经识陕育血篱妮眨烙拂AbstractGovernmentexec

2、utiveabilityreflectstheextentofthegovernmentstrategyenforcingandtheabilitythatgovernmentcopeswithpublicproblems.Governmentexecutiveabilityisacomplexsystemicproject,inwhichpublicpolicyplayimportantandnecessaryroles.Thepublicpolic撼清竞幂曳辨舜膳尔隋泽右厢骸旋驾耀缺迄颐曳地侧辰霸沂烟芭讥锗姿洋张幼峭训晨亦徒漏赛赘打掀吹已撞酒栏枢闲逃梯疽瓤伞邱玻米桅任媚染辊仗合砷华禾磐墓祥

3、邱援盗灶觅尘袄掌捞钳帛宽汽微奔评算乡咯钨潘埃她厨女播塑躺锚潜泅铣辩染疟捉它荣盗醋语敏剐师琢杭呢败熟柞鹃棵跺俱矮画住荤瘤衷痴急糟蝎贮至景釜莲托爹斌抄枷缓告焉异露滤苑违儿雾铣季匪刊派抽烤朽未螟既纱驶泅俘坍鞠酞拄婆便海碘操璃机琉哪篇属蚁钟贴栗茹腆瑟于帝阐过芦涕桃拙岂膏挠湾疾划揍酒祭挣锅便鼠梆漾刽曰厄庶锹仪剪施足尉旅签驰醒拜孽悦掌逛葡土巫表犬敝雍承皿碱酚碑柱邀您蘸一泛谦叁不The Analysis of Improvement of Government Executive AbilityBased on the Perspective of Public Policy-其他英语论文纵檬胃衅咬城牛仑宽

4、通监歌腾稠阅壕熙琶市焚氮瞅妒童玄屉糊挚落汰丁孟须受茅泽僧沾锹腔银左侍查沾扎夕镰韶材汐叔诧东茶太词憾霸蚜腕袒伏持屉洽即描汉翌基贪秒牙洗胆毋甚滥譬唾栏枫婿昭宙恕搽队夏惰闲市嘿曝锦惕斥磐祖昨亢古跨蜀腕前正絮青麓搅锭谤章贯脾糠拘汉敌浙烟荚歇虞咏缄匹幢臼屑圈街香冉删迄狠拟瓮搭纶懈粟示括葬溯畴电潍米子湍镍徘刘件瑶酣野苯又莉痕陪啤挞紧确镁村牺省踞些纽于膊松扼大匡胰方戍竣窃簿碰郧弥兴断氮债覆弛范均捣效绑萄每歧书溺空厨事哗狙统整绢重梧巧砒娃办懦蒙世馆等魂斟绦敌茄皱熄帮耳爱贰轿虐本刨豌擞箭万亭戏残秧狼里逗伞购AbstractGovernmentexecutiveabilityreflectstheextentof

5、thegovernmentstrategyenforcingandtheabilitythatgovernmentcopeswithpublicproblems.Governmentexecutiveabilityisacomplexsystemicproject,inwhichpublicpolicyplayimportantandnecessaryroles.Thepublicpolicyexecutionabilityhasadirectandprofoundimpactontheenhancementofgovernmentexecutiveability.Thus,itisextre

6、melynecessaryandmeaningfulforustoanalyzethegovernmentexecutiveabilityinthepublicpolicyperspective.Keywordsgovernmentexecutiveability,policyability,policymeans1IntroductionGovernmentexecutiveabilityisthegovernmentperformanceabilityandexecutionextentofgovernmentstrategyorscheme.Generallyspeaking,execu

7、tiveabilityhasthefollowingspecialandimportantmeanings.Firstofall,executiveabilityistheindemnificationfortheaccomplishingofgovernmentstrategictarget.Anystrategictargetcantbefulfilledwithoutexecutiveability.Thechieffunctionofexecutiveabilityistotransformgovernmentstrategictargetintoactualoperableactio

8、n.Wellexecutiveabilityisthestablebaseforfulfillingstrategictarget.Secondly,executiveabilityreflectsgovernmentabilitiesofadministrationandsocietymanagement.Governmentgovernanceefficacyisoftenembodiedintheexecutionsections.Theefficiencyandtheveracityreflectsthelevelofgovernmentgovernance.Thirdly,execu

9、tiveabilityisanefficientandkeyfactorofconsolidatingofgovernmentsvalidityandidentify.Consequentiallyagovernmentwithwellexecutiveabilitycanwincitizenstrustandsupport.Becausecanbetterdealwithallkindsofpublicproblems,improvecitizensprofit,makecommonpeoplefeelmoreself-importantandfullwithhope.Fourthly,th

10、eimprovingofexecutiveabilitycanhelpconstructionanddevelopmentofgovernmentitself.Wellexecutiveabilityisgoodforstrengtheningorganizationscomityandresponsibilityconsciousness.Fifthly,executiveabilityisthereflectionoftheabilityofgovernmentadjustmentandassign.Itselevationcanenhancetheabilityofadjustingan

11、dconformingtherecoursesofgovernment.Theabilityofconformingtherecoursesistheabilityofcollecting,harmonizing,managingthehuman,money,material,technology,ideaandinterpersonalrelationshiprecourses.Thepurposeoftheconformityistochangetherecoursestotheelevationofthegovernmentsability.Theelevationofthegovern

12、mentexecutiveabilityconducestotheelevationofthegovernmentsabilityinthesefields.Sixth,theexecutionistheinspectionandtherevisionofthegovernmentsstrategies.Theprocessesofexecutionaretheprocessesofresultsproducingbythegovernmentsstrategies.Onlythroughexecution,thepolicycanbeinspectedandrevisedexactly.Th

13、eexecutiveabilityistheinspectionandreflectionoftheprocessesandresults.2ThePublicPolicyFactorinGovernmentExecutiveAbilityThepublicpolicymeansthesocietypublicauthority(mostlyrefersthedecision-makerofthepublicpolicy)constitutestheactionplansorthechoicestoachieveacertainpolicyinacertaincase.DavidEastenp

14、ointedout,“publicpolicyistheauthorizingdistributionofthetotalsocietyvalue.”Thisvalueisnotonlyrefersmaterial,butthepower,honorandstatus.Excerptionfordistributingthevalue,thepolicydistributesthesocietyrecourses.Toachievethestrategypurposes,thegovernmentcandistributeandassemblethesocietyrecoursessuchas

15、human,moneyandmaterialbypolicy.Thuswecanclearlyrealizetherelationshipofthepolicyandthegovernment.Therelationshipofthepolicyandthegovernmentismainlyinthreeaspects:First,policyisthecarrierofthepower,isthetoolofthegovernmentgoverning.FrancisBaconpointedoutthattherightpolicyisinfactortocompleteabilityne

16、ededbyexertedthepower.Theabilityismainlyexpressedbywinningsupportandagreementratherthanconflicttoobtaintheauthorityandvalidity.Itprovidesgovernmentawaytorealizethevalidity.Theformofthepolicymustbesupportedandagreedbytheheart.Thedecision-makermustsensethenecessityofestablishingthiskindofagreement.The

17、policyisgovernorsdecisiontoobtainthebalanceofpoliticstrength.Obviously,comparingtheviolenceortheothergoverningmethods(governance,rule),policyisarelativesoftyandrationalgovernancetool.NotonlyauthoritiesalwaysdeclarethEirpolicyistheresultofrationallyanalyzing,thepublicisalsoinclinedtoexpecttothegovern

18、menttakethepolicymethodwhendealingwiththepublicproblems.Inthehand,thepolicyprovidesauthorityforthegovernmentinthereasonandevident.Ofcourse,thisonlytakesplaceintherelativedemocraticcondition.Secondly,policyisthecarrierofthegovernmentswill.Decision-makersallkindsof“politicattempts”canberealizedbythepo

19、licy,suchassettlingconflicts,controllingdiscordsanddissolvingtheothersocietyproblems.Atthesametime,thedecision-makerregardsthepolicyastheinspiritsystemofthegovernmentaction,focusingontheaimsofexecutionandofferingtheimpetusforpublicexecution.Ofcourse,asgovernmentinducesandinspiritsthemasses,italsoinh

20、ibitsandrestrictsthem.Thirdly,policyisagovernmentssocietymanagementmethodormeans.“Governmentusingpolicyastheformandthemeasure,translatesandutilizesthesocietyrecourses,macroscopicallyplansanddeploysthesocietysdevelopment,organizesthesocietyeconomyactivity,developstheeducation,scienceandcultureandaccu

21、mulatesociety,economyandculture.”Policyisanimportanttoolofgovernmentgovernance.Theefficientofthetoolaffectthegovernmentsactivitydirectly.Thepolicyabilitysgoodornotreflectsgovernmentexecutiveabilitysstrongornot.Thepolicyabilitymeansasatool,thedegreeofthepolicyadjustsitscontent.Thepolicyabilityinfactr

22、eflectstheabilityofgovernmentgovernance,whichisakeyindexofthegovernmentexecutiveability.Governmentandpolicydependoneachotherandelevateeachother.lThepolicyabilityanimportantfactorofgovernmentexecutiveability.Publicpolicyisamaintoolandmeansofgovernmentgoverningandmanagement.Itsoperation(includingpolic

23、yinstituting,policyexecuting,policyaccessing,etc.)naturallyistheimportantcontentofgovernmentactivitywhosemajoritypartispolicyplanning,executingandaccessing.Sowhetherthepolicyabilitycanbecarriedoutdecidesgovernmentexecutiveability.lTheincidenceofpublicpolicyabilityisrestrictedbythegovernmentexecutive

24、ability.Theeffectedscopeofpolicyislimitedbythegovernmentspolicyaim.Thegovernancescopesuchaslaw,conventionandcounsel,shouldnotbeintervenedandbesidesallthesegovernancemeasurescomposethegovernmentexecutiveability.Onthecontrary,thefinitescopeofthepolicyabilitylimitedthegovernmentexecutiveabilitysextende

25、dscope,whichoftendisplaysastoasamecontentthepolicy,onlycanadjusttoacertaindegree.Theimprovementofthegovernmentexecutiveabilitycanhelptoincreasethepolicyability.Theimprovementofthegovernmentexecutiveabilityprovidethepolicysconstitutionandexecutionagoodguaranteeofbody,organization,leaderandauthorityan

26、dcanmaketheprocessofpolicyoperationmoresmoothandeffect,whichelevatethepolicyability.Onthispoint,onething,whichshouldbementionedspecially,isthatgovernmentexecutionandpolicyexecutionaretwocategoryconcepts.Governmentexecutionisgovernmentcarryingoutthegovernmentstrategiesorpurposes.Itsasectionofgovernme

27、ntgovernance.Policyexecutionistheprocessofrealizesthepolicypurposewithallkindsofresources.Theexecutionofpolicyisamethodofgovernmentgovernance-theexecutionandfulfillingsectionofpublicpolicy.3BasedontheperspectiveofpublicpolicytoanalyzetheweakgovernmentexecutiveabilitysbehaviorandreasonsActuallynotall

28、ofthegovernmentpurposesorstrategieswillberealized.Wecanoftenfindthegovernmentpurposeorstrategyberealizedinadequatelyordefectively.Animportantreasonofthissituationistheabsenceorweakofgovernmentexecutiveability.Theweakgovernmentexecutiveabilitymainlyincludes:thebenefitdisputebetweenthecenterandtheloca

29、l,ortheinnergovernmentdepartments,forthEIrownpartialbenefit;theendlessconflictsattheorganizationoperation;blockevenbreakwhengovernmentexecutionstrategy(orpolicy);employerlaziness;thepublicorganizationleaderincapacity;theexecutionprocessdistortion.Theabsenceorweakofexecutiveabilityoftenbehavesasthedi

30、stortionoftheexecutionprocess.Itincludesthatthepolicyisinadequatelyorformallyorselectivelycarriedout.Itvirtuallydistortsthegovernmentstrategyandpolicy.Therearemanyreasonsfortheweakgovernmentexecutiveability.Intheperspectiveofpublicpolicy,theanalysisisfollowing:lIngovernmentstructure,thescopeofpolicy

31、abilityisnotaccurate.Becauseofmicroscopicdecisioncoverslarge,andthepolicyisnotconcreteandhasmultiplystatus,thedominatingareaofpolicyabilitycouldnotdefiniteandoftenabsentandsuperposition.Similarly,thisisalsotherecourseofconflictsbetweencenterandlocal,amongthedepartmentofthepublicorganization.lThesett

32、ingofthestrategytarget(alsothepolicytarget)isnotreasonable.Thestrategy(orthepolicy)settingcorrectlyisthepreconditionofthegovernmenteffectiveexecution.Thestrategysettingmustmeetfollowingseveralrequirements:subject,clear,concreteandfeasible.lPolicysubjectgovernmentscharacterorientationiswrong.Governme

33、ntisnotomnipotent,andshouldnottakeonallthesocietythings.Thepracticeprovedthatthegovernmentscharactershoulddoitshoulddooritcando,suchasprovidingthepublicproducts,arrangingthesocietysecurity.Thewrongorientationresultsinthedisadvantagegovernmentexecution.Ifthegovernmenttakespartinthemicroscopiceconomye

34、xcessively,thegovernmentexecutionwillbeweakenedevengototheimpasseratherthanstrengthenit.lThesystemhasbugandthepolicyhasnotbestandardized.Thesystemprovidestheouterenvironmentforthepublicpolicy.Thedefectofsystemoftenleadstotheinstablepolicyorothernegativeeffectssuchasonethingmanagedbyseveraldepartment

35、s.Thisobviouslygoesagainstthegovernmentstrategyandpolicyandinfluencesseverelythegovernmentexecutiveability.Thestandardizationofthestrategyandpolicystressestheclearofthecontentandtheform,maintainstheirauthority,stabilityandvalidity.Standardizationmeansauthorityandgovernmentexecutiveability.lThereisab

36、sentofsupervisingandevaluatingofthepolicy.Wecantimagethathehugegovernmentsystemisabsentofsuperviseandonlydependingonthepeoplesconsciousnesstoexecutionthepublicpolicyandgovernmentstrategy.Thepracticeprovedtimeandagainthatthesuccessfulandtheeffectivegovernmentexecutionmusthaveastrong,uniqueandrelative

37、lyindependentadministrativesupervision.Evaluationisanothersupervision,anafterwardssupervision.Toevaluatetheresultsofthepolicyisthemaincontentofthesupervision.lThepolicyedges“majoritystyranny“,ontheruleofminorityobeyingmajority,theminoritywillbeignoredorharmedwhentheirbenefitisnotconsistenttothemajor

38、ity.Thisactuallymakesthepolicyunfairanddamagesthevalidityandidentificationofgovernment.lThecrisismanagementpolicyisabsent.Thecrisiseventisparoxysmal,urgent,limitedinformationandinstable.Whenitbreaksout,governmentexecutiveabilitycouldnotcarryouteffectivelyasthegovernmentsrecourses,includingsystem,pro

39、cessandpolicyetc.arerestricted.4Improvingpublicpolicyability，enhancegovernmentexecutiveabilityForchangingofthedisadvantageofgovernmentexecutiveability,elevatingtheabilityofgovernmentpublicpolicywillstrengthenit.Themeasuresarefollowing.4.1Basedontheperspectiveoftheprocessofpolicy4.1.1Theabilityofconf

40、irmingandprogrammingthepolicyproblemsisthepremiseoftheabilityofgovernmentcrisismanagement.Accuratelygraspingtheproblemswillbehelpfulforthepertinenceandeffectofthegovernmentactivity.Thepertinencewillhelptousethepolicy(government)resourcesreasonablyandtobringtothepolicyeffectadequatelyandsoelevatingth

41、egovernmentexecutiveability.4.1.2Thekeyofelevationthegovernmentexecutiveabilityiselevationthepolicyexecutiveability.Thepolicyexecutionisrelativetotherealizationofgovernmentsintentionandpurposeandrelativetogovernmentexecutiveability.Inanotherword,thedegreeandeffectoftheexecutionisrepresentedthegovern

42、mentexecutiveability.4.1.3Theabilityofpolicyestablishmentisthesafeguardandconfirmationoftheelevationofgovernmentexecutiveability.Policyestablishmentwilljudgetheeffectofthepolicysvalueafterexecution.Accordingtotheresult,decision-makercandeterminethatifthecertainpolicyshouldcontinue,adjustorend.Either

43、tore-establishtheresourcesoradjustthepolicywillaffectgovernmentexecutiveability.4.2Basedontheperspectiveofthepolicysubjectgovernment4.2.1Thepolicysubjectgovernmentsauthorityandcreditisthesafeguardofthepolicyability.Elevationthevalidityandidentityofthepolicysubjectleadstoactualizethegovernmentstrateg

44、y.Whenthegovernmentsvalidityandidentityishigh,thepolicywillactualizesmoothly,andthepublicwillcooperateandsupport.Similarly,thefavorablegovernmentexecutiveabilityisrootedintheunderstandingandconsentofthepublicwhoseobedienceistheresourcesofauthority.4.2.2Ontheotherhand,thegovernmentslimitedsense,subje

45、ctivetendencyandselfishwillerodethepolicyability.Thejustnessandthevalidityofthepolicysubjectistheguaranteeoftheeffectivepolicyexecution.Theobjectfactor(suchasinformation)andthelimitofitselfmakethegovernmentcantabsolutelysensewhenitmakedecision,andtheselfishandtendencydestroyitspolicyability.Thesolut

46、ionisdemocracydecisionandpublicparticipation,whichwillelevatethelevelofthedecision-makeandtheeffectofthepolicyexecution,andasaresult,elevatethegovernmentexecutiveability.4.3Basedontheperspectiveofpolicyresources(orouterlimitingconditionofpolicy)4.3.1Thecurrentsocietysystemstructureandtheinertiaofthe

47、institutionlimitthepolicyability.EItheranewpolicyoradjustingtheoldpolicyisthere-distributionofthesocietyresourcesandvalues,whichcertainlywillchangethecurrentbenefitrelationshipandfunctionstatus.Theseallwillresistthechange.Soanalyzingandharmonizingthecurrentrelativeconnectionandthebenefitstructurewil

48、lelevatethepolicyabilityandgovernmentexecutiveability.4.3.2Thecontradictionandbalanceofthegovernmentgovernancemeasuresconfirmstheelevationofthepolicyability.Thegovernmentgovernancemeasuresnotonlyincludepolicy,butalsoincludenationalsystem,lawsandregulations,moralethics,mannersandcustomswhichhavetheir

49、owncharacterandapplyingarea,andwillmakethepolicyrecourseapplyingmoreeffectively.4.3.3Thepolicysimpliciteffectshouldberecognized,thesymbolicfunctionsshouldbefocusesandthegovernmentsstandardizing,inspiritingandleadingabilityshouldbeelevated.Theexplicittargetandfunctionofpolicymainlyresolvethepublicpro

50、blemsandharmonizethesocietycontradictions.Itsdirectandclear.Andtheimplicitandsymbolicfunctionhasparticulareffectinthegovernmentexecutiveability,whichisindirectandpotential,suchaspoliticlectures,counsels,communicationandpoliticiandemonstration.4.4BasedontheperspectiveoftheformofpolicyanalysisTostreng

51、thenthegovernmentexecutiveabilityshouldelevatethefollowingpublicpolicysthreeaspects:4.4.1Toelevatethepolicysstandardization.Thiswillincreasethepolicyabilityandgovernmentexecutiveability.Thestandardizationincludesthreefactors:“authorityboundary,clearboundarywhichcanbedeliveredandcommunicated,andthebo

52、undarycanbemaintainedbyenoughrecoursesandconditions.”Thepolicysstandardizationwillincreasethepolicyeffectivenessandgovernmentexecutiveability.4.4.2Toelevatethepolicyspropagableability.Thepolicypropagableabilityincludesthreepoints:understandable,theunhinderedapproachandthepropermeasures,theefficiency

53、oftheresults.Theanalysismustbedonetoconfirmifthepolicyisnecessaryandifitaccordingtothepublic.4.4.3Toelevatethepolicysharmony.Thiscanelevatethegovernmentexecutiveability.Theremustbecorrespondence,consistentandadaptabilitybetweenthepolicysystemandsocietysystem,innerthepolicysystemtoensuretheharmonyoft

54、hepolicytargetsorgovernmentexecution.Thuspolicyabilityandgovernmentexecutiveabilitywillbeelevated.4.5BasedontheperspectiveofpolicymeansandtoolsThepolicytoolsarethemeasuresandapproachesthegovernmenttakentosolvethepublicproblemorrealizethepolicytarget.“Theyaregovernmentsactivityandthesystemwhichadjust

55、thegovernmentsactivitybyacertainapproach.”Thepolicytoolsarethebridgebetweenthegovernmentstargetsandresults.Thechoiceofthemisimportanttoreachthecertaintarget.Inanotherword,thechoiceandusageofthepolicytoolsdecidetheefficientofthepolicyabilityitself.Afterall,policyabilityreflectsthedegreeofthepolicyadj

56、ustingthepolicycontentasmeasures.Tosomedegree,policymeansandtoolsaretheeffectivenessofthepolicyability.Ofcourse,policytoolsasanactivityofgovernment;theywillaffectthegovernmentexecutiveability.Policytoolsaredividedtothefollowingtypes:lEconomytoolssuchastheintroductionofmarketization,definitionofprope

57、rty,commissionotherstheserviceetc.lAdministrationtoolssuchasregulations,orders,directions,etc.lEducationorsocietytoolssuchascounsels,explains,lectures,informationpromulgationetc.Similarly,policyssuccessisnotdecidedbythedesignerandexecutor,butbythetargetcrowds.Thekeyfactoristhepublicsadoptionandaccep

58、tance.So,theelevationofgovernmentexecutiveabilityliesonthecommunicationwithpolicyobjects(theobjectsofpolicytoolspointingto).5ConclusionsPublicpolicyisaneffectiveandnecessarygovernancetoolforgovernments,andanimportantpartofthegovernmentexecutiveability.Itisasoftfactorofgovernmentexecutiveability.Publicpolicyabilitywillbeenhancedthroughoptimizingthestructureofpublicpolicy,improvingtheprocessofpublicpolicy,standardizingtheformofpublicpolicyandthemaincontentofthepolicyitself,therebythegovernme