浅析工程施工质量的管理

1、浅析工程施工质量的管理Discussion on the management of engineeringconstruction quality摘要：随着公路建设的发展和经济制改革形势的深化，各种经济承包责任制扩 大了施工管理的内容，同时也使数量、成本与质量的矛盾愈显突出。因此，现 代公路建设施工质量管理的内涵比过去更为丰富，它不仅受到思想、技术、组 织、经济等方面的制约，并兼有咨询、顾问、参谋、控制的涵义，还涉及到工 程法规、行为科学及技术美学等诸多因素。探索适合我国国情和时代特点的施 工质量管理方式和质量保证体系就显得更为重要 . 本文通过工程施工实践，围绕 工程质量管理这一课题，作粗

2、浅的探讨。Abstract: with the development of highway construction and the deepening of economic system reform situation, all kinds of the economic contract responsibility system to expand the content of construction management, as well as the quantity， cost and qualityof the increasingly acute contradicti

3、ons。 Therefore ， theconnotation of modern highway construction quality management is more abundant than in the past, it is not only influenced by ideology, technology, organization， economic etc, and also consulting,consultants ， advisors, control the meaning of also involves engineering regulations

4、, behavioral science and technology aesthetics, and many other factors 。 To explore suitable for China's national conditions and times characteristics of construction quality management and quality assurance system becomes even more important Based on the engineering practice, surrounding this s

5、ubject project quality management ， discussed superficially.文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络关键词：施工质量管理，公路工程，经济承包责任制质量保证体系，质量管理 方式，工程质量管理，公路建设，技术美学Key words: construction quality management， highway engineering ，the economic contract responsibility system of quality assurance system, quality management

6、, project quality management， roadconstruction, technology aesthetics一、建立以工程监理为核心的质量管理体系。One， to set up the engineering supervision as the core of quality management system。1。建立一个严密的强有力的质量管理体系是确保质量的关健，并且有利于 工程监理工作的开展和全过程质量管理的监控。为此 , 要加强三个层次的控制和 各层次的职能 , 即政府监督，项目 （施工）监理和企业自检。要在建立公路监理制度上，逐步建立起三个层次的管理体

7、制，又要理顺三者的关系，即建设单位、 监理单位（监理工程师）和承包单位三者的关系。并概括为: （1）建设单位与承包单位的关系 , 是依据工程建设发包和承包合同或协议，构成承发包的关系； （2）建设单位与监理单位的关系，是委托与被委托的关系, 通过监理服务协议或合同确认职责、权限和经济关系 ; （3）监理单位与承包单位之间没有合同关 系，也没有任何经济关系，而仅仅是监理与被监理的关系。1. Set up a strict strong quality management system is the key to ensure the quality of, and beneficial to

8、engineering supervision work of monitoring and controlling of the whole process of quality man agemen。Therefore, to stre ngthe n the three levels of con trol and the function of all levels, the government supervision, project construction supervision and enterprises self-checking。 On thehighway supe

9、rvision system ， and gradually set up three levels of management system， to straighten out the relations of the construction unit ， supervision unit, supervision engineer and contractor relationship. And summarized as ： （1 ） the construction unit and contractor ， is according to the contract awardin

10、g and contracting of project construction contract or agreement, constitute a contracting relations ； （2） the construction units and supervision units, is entrusted with the relationship， through thesupervision of service agreement or contract to confirm responsibility ， authority and economic relat

11、ions;（3） there is nocontractual relationship between the supervision unit and contractor, nor any economic relations, but merely supervision and the supervision relations.个人收集整理 ,勿做商业用途本文为互联网收集 , 请勿用作商业用途2. 要建立以工程监理为核心的监理、检验和质管组织。 （1） 监理工程师依据 监理办法和监理合同，独立、公正地行使监理职权，对建设单位和承包（施 工）单位均具有监督权，以负责保护双方利益。（

12、2） 建设单位要组织检验小 组，对施工单位进行质检和抽检。 （3 ）施工单位要成立各施工点质管小组，负 责自检、专检和互检 .2. To build a project supervision as the core of supervision, inspection and quality control organization。 （1） the supervisionengineer according to the supervision measures and supervision contract, exercise their supervisory authority，

13、independence, theconstruction units and contractors（construction ） havesupervision ， in order to protect the interests of both sides。 （2）the construction unit to organize inspection team, the construction unit for quality inspection and checking. （3） the construction unit to set up the ShiGongDian q

14、uality control team, responsible for the self check, ZhuanJian and mutual check 。 个人收集整理，勿做商业用途个人收集整理， 勿做商业用途、加强质监基础工作Second, strengthen the basic work of quality control。基础工作是有计划、有目的、有步骤地实现质量管理总目标 , 也是为质量管 理创造前提条件的最基本的工作 . 只有重视基础工作 , 才能坚持做到施工中的 “四有”、“五化”，即 : 有方案、有标准、有制度、有目标；施工规范化、操 作规程化、技术标准化、管理制度化

15、、数据科学化，才能确保建设总目标最合 理地实现 .Foundation work is planned ， purposeful ， step by step to achieve total quality management ， and create preconditions for quality management of the most basic work. Only attach importance to basic work ， can insist on the construction of "four haves" and” five"

16、;,i 。 e。， plan, standard and system, the goal； Constructionstandardization ， operating procedures ， technical standardization, institutionalized management, scientific data， to ensure theconstruction total target the most reasonable implementation.个人收集整理，勿做商业用途本文为互联网收集 , 请勿用作商业用途1。明确技术标准、强化标准工作。( 1)

17、各项工程的设计资料、施工规 范、操作规程、工艺要点，质量检验方法和评定标准，以及工程监理办法和实 施细则等文件资料，统一印发至建设单位和施工单位，使其人人目标明确 , 有章 可循、有法可依。 (2) 现代工程建设要注意技术美学 , 强调审美功能和实用功能 的统筹考虑。 (3) 各施工单位编制的施工组织设计和施工方案等文件，在开工前 送交建设单位和监理工程师。1。Clear technical standards, strengthening the standard work。（1） the engineering design of the data， the key points ofco

18、nstruction specifications, operating instructions, process, quality inspection methods and evaluation criteria, as well as engineering supervision methods and detailed rules for the implementation file，printed and distributed to the construction unit and construction unit, making it all clear goal,

19、rulesbased， and laws. （2） theaesthetic of modern engineering construction should pay attention to technology ， emphasizing the aesthetic function and utility function of the overall consideration.（ 3） the construction unit ofconstruction organization design and construction plan and other documents,

20、 before the start to the construction unit and supervision engineer 。 个人收集整理 , 勿做商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途2. 强化检测手段，做好计量工作。计量检测工作的加强与否，直接影响着 工程质量和质量检验评定的准确性。为强化检测手段 , 要求各地、市公路部门和 施工单位建立健全试验室 , 配备专职人员负责常规试验和抽验工作，省公路局对 各地、市拨发专款配置仪具。2。To strengthen the detection means， to do a good job ofmeasuring. Measure

21、ment test work to strengthen it or not， directlyaffects the engineering quality and quality inspection evaluationaccuracy. Required for improved detection methods, local, municipal highway departments and construction units to establish and improve the laboratory ， equipped with full-time personnel

22、responsible for the routine test and sample work， provincial highway bureau forlocal ， city disbursement of funds allocation apparatus.本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途3。重视质量信息，用数据指导施工。项目建设在开工前，由建设单位(指 挥部)将各种原始记录表、检验记录表、测试报告表及统计表格等发至施工单 位，并规定向建设单位和监理单位(监理工程师 ) 定期报送各种资料。通过检验 测试人员提供的资料掌握现场随时发生的质量情报和数

23、据，以便及时分析质量 动态, 采取应急措施。3. Attaches great importance to the quality of information, using data to guide the construction. Project before construction， theconstruction unit(headquarters) will all kinds of originalrecords ， inspection records ， test report and statistics form and send to the constructio

24、n units， construction units and supervisionunits and to (supervision engineer), regularly submit all kinds of information. The information provided by testing personnel to master the quality information and data at any time， in order to timelyanalysis dynamic quality, take emergency measures 。 本文为互联

25、网收集，请勿用 作商业用途本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途4。建立健全责任制 . 建立和健全质量责任制，制定各级职责范围，实行奖 惩制, 发挥经济杠杆的作用。4。Establish and improve the responsibility system. Establish and improve the quality responsibility system, establishing responsibilities at all levels ， implement rewards and play the role of economic leverage 。三、加强质量控制

26、 strengthen the quality control加强施工质量控制对工程质量起着保证作用 , 其核心是贯彻“预防与把关相 结合, 以预防为主”的方针，其目的是控制影响工程质量的各种因素，以保证工 程质量达到预定的目标。影响工程质量的直接因素主要有设计、材料、施工、 检验四个方面，并且要在全施工过程中进行有效的事先控制、中间控制和事后 控制。当然 , 其它因素也是不可忽视的 .To strengthen construction quality control of engineering quality guarantee effect ， its core is to carry

27、 out”combination ofprevention and control, prevention first" policy， its purpose is tocontrol the various factors affecting the quality of engineering, to ensure the engineering quality to the expected goal. Are the major factors directly affecting the quality of engineering design, material, c

28、onstruction, inspection four aspects， and to effectivelyin the whole construction process of beforehand control, intermediatecontrol and afterwards control 。 Of course, other factors also cannot be ignored 。 文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络个人收集整理，勿做商业用途1。设计质量的控制。对路基、路面、桥涵结构设计的图表、资料文件因未 经施工实践，有很多不尽合理及遗漏的地方，这些错误部分往往不易

29、暴露，除 开工前通过设计文件会审控制外，在施工过程中发现的问题应通过以下途径解 决：(1) 重大变更应严格按设计变更报批手续 , 按规定程序办理 . (2)非重大变更 由设计、施工、监理三方现场会审处理，也可以由设计单位授权监理工程师审 处。 (3 )对设计中不详、漏误及容易引起误解的问题，监理工程师可以书面明 确解释或补充规定。1. Design quality control。 Chart of subgrade pavement ， Bridgesstructure design, data file due to without the construction practice ，

30、there are a lot of unreasonable and omissions place，these wrong parts are often not exposed， except through the designfiles came control prior to commencement， in construction processfound problems should be resolved through the following ways: （1）significant changes should strictly according to the

31、 design change approval formalities, shall be dealt with in accordance with prescribed procedures. （2 ） the significant changes from design, construction, supervision at the scene of the three parties came processing, can also be authorized by the design unit supervision engineer try and punish.（ 3）

32、 is unknown, recorded ， and easy tocause misunderstanding in the design， supervision engineer can bewritten explicitly explain or supplementary provisions. 本文为互联网收集， 请勿用作商业用途文档为个人收集整理，来源于网络2. 材料质量的控制。原材料是工程实体的组成部分 , 对工程质量有着直接关 系。因此 , 要求施工单位：一是把好材料采购关；二是对各种原材料进行测试鉴 定; 三是严禁使用不合格材料和半成品 .2. The material

33、 quality control。 Raw materials are an integralpart of the project entity and the construction quality has a direct relationship. Therefore, demands the construction units： one is thegood materials 采购关 ; 2 it is to test the identification of the various raw materials ； 3 it is unqualified materials

34、and semifinished products is strictly prohibited。3。施工质量的控制。（ 1） 抓好各施工阶段的质量控制，以防患于未然。对 施工单位的各施工阶段要通过定期检查评比，有的放矢地对重点问题进行现场 检查、评比和交流 ,对存在的问题 , 如施工要点、注意事项等，质监部门以书面 形式发至施工单位 , 目的是为了提高工程质量。（ 2）对影响质量的要害问题或 普遍性问题 , 要坚持质量第一，以保证工程质量。（ 3）对虽未发生但根据质量情 报信息预测可能发生的问题，要及时采取预防控制措施 , 避免事故发生 .3。The construction quality

35、 control.（1） pay special attentionto the quality control of each construction stage in order to nip in the bud 。 For each construction stage to the construction units through regular inspection comparison， purposeful conduct siteinspection of key problems, comparison and communication, the existing

36、problems ， such as the construction key points and matters needing attention ， etc 。， quality control department in written form to the construction unit, the purpose is to improve the quality of engineering. （2） of the key problems affecting quality or universality problem, insist on quality first，

37、 to ensure theengineering quality.（3）, though not happen according to thequality of intelligence information to predict possible problems ， to take timely prevention and control measures to avoid accidents 。 个人收 集整理，勿做商业用途文档为个人收集整理 , 来源于网络4。对检验判断准确性的控制。质量检验属于质量管理中的把关环节，往往 会因为检验人员的素质不高及工作中的差误和检测仪具的精度

38、不高而做出错误的判断，影响和危害了工程质量。为此行必要的技术培训，对仪具要经常校正, 要选用高素质的检验人员，并对他们进, 以提高检验工作的质量 .4。The control of test accuracy the quality management of the link。 Quality inspection belongs to ， often because of the inspectionpersonnel quality is not high and the work of ChaWu and detectoraccuracy is not high and make wr

39、ong judgment, affect and harm the project quality。 For this, should choose high quality inspectionpersonnel, and the necessary technical training to them, are often in the instrument calibration, in order to improve the quality of inspection.5. 其它因素的控制 . 民事纠纷、报酬不合理、劳动强度高、劳保条件差、干 部作风不深人、施工人员情绪不佳等问题，都

40、可能导致人为的工程质量事故的 发生, 这些因素不可忽视。因此 , 领导干部要深人施工现场，做好思想政治工 作，及时解决实际问题 . 监理人员和检验人员也要经常深人施工现场抓好质监工 作。5. Other factors control. Civil disputes, compensation is not reasonable, high labor intensity， poor work condition ， cadre styleis not deep ， the problem such as workers in a bad mood, can lead to human eng

41、ineering quality accidents, these factors cannot be ignored 。 Leading cadres, therefore， to the construction site, deepwell ideological and political work, in a timely manner to solve practical problems 。 Supervision and inspection personnel is always deep pays special attention to the construction

42、site work of quality control 。 文档为个人收集整理 , 来源于网络个人收集整理，勿做商业用途四、严格质盆检验 basin of strict quality inspection质量检验是评检施工质量能否保证工程质量达到预定目标的重要手段，也 标志着质量好坏的程度，其关键在于做好下面几点。Quality inspection is a review of the test construction quality can be an important means to guarantee the project quality to achieve the in

43、tended target, also marks the level of quality, the key is to make the following points。明确质量检脸标准、内客和手段。检验标准包括主要技术规范、操作规程 和质量检验评定标准。检验内容主要是对原材料、半成品或成品、结构整体和 部件进行物理、力学性能检验，使工程质量符合规定的标准 . 检验手段是通过仪 具测试和试验数据结果反映出来 . 对技术标准高、工艺较复杂的项目，其检验标 准另有设计规定的要求 , 并经质量监理人员检查后方可签认。Clear quality inspection face standards

44、 ， content and methods. Inspection standards including the main technical specification，operating rules and quality inspection evaluation standard 。 Test content is mainly for raw materials, semi finished products orfinished products, the overall structure and components of physical and mechanical p

45、roperties test, make the project quality to meet the prescribed standard. Inspection method is through the instrument test results and test data. For high technical standards, process more complex projects, the inspection standard and the requirements of the design ， and the quality supervision of p

46、ersonnel check the rear can sign recognition 。 文档为个人收集整理 , 来源于网络本文为互联网收集，请勿用作商业用途检验的组织形式 . 质量检验应坚持专职检验和群众自检相结合 ,日常检验和 重点抽验相结合，定期和不定期的自检、互检和全面检查相结合。专检人员必 须从施工准备、竣工交验等各个环节进行严格检验。The organization form of inspection。 Full time inspection andquality inspection should be selfchecking combined masses, dail

47、yinspection in combination with proper focus on the regular and not regular self-inspection， mutual inspection and combination ofoverall check. ZhuanJian personnel must from construction preparation, completion and so on each link strict inspection。高标准、严要求、把好质量关。无论管理制度、工艺措施、规范、规程、 规定要求 , 还是从平时检查到具体指导，从关键部位到每道工序，都必须强调一 个“严”字 , 对出现的质量问题，更要严肃认真，一丝不苛地进行妥善管理。各 级技术负责人对质量管理要做到事先指导、中间检查、成果评审和信息反馈工 作，纠正过去偏重事后把关，管结果不管中间检查的习惯。The high