（整理版高中英语）高二英语暑假专题主谓一致人教实验

1、高二英语高二英语暑假专题：主谓一致主谓一致人教实验版人教实验版【本讲教育信息本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：暑假专题：主谓一致主谓一致是指： 1语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3就近原那么，即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 there is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year一

2、、并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 reading and writing are very important. 注意：当主语由 and 连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 the iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例题： the league secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. a. is b. wasc. are d. were 答案 b。注：先从时

3、态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除 a.，c。此题易误选 d，因为 the league secretary and monitor 好似是两个人，但仔细区分， monitor 前没有 the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用 and 相连。这样，此题主语为一个人，所以应选 b。二、主谓一致中的靠近原那么 1当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 there is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. there are twenty boy-students

4、 and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2当 either or 与 neither nor 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由 here, there 引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 either you or she is to go. here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.三、谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有由 with, together with, like, except, but, no less t

5、han, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 the teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. he as well as i wants to go boating.四、谓语需用单数 1代词 each 和由 every, some, no, any 等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有 each, every, 谓语需用单数。 each of us has a tape-recorder. there is something wrong with my watch. 2当主语是一

6、本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 the arabian night is a book known to lovers of english. 天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。 3表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。) three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. ten yuan is enough.五、指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1代词 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, mos

7、t, all 等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。 all is right.一切顺利。 all are present.所有人都到齐了。 2集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示整个集体。 his family isnt very large.他家不是一个大家庭。 his family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词 people, police, cattle,

8、poultry 等在任何情况下都用复数形式。 are there any police around? 3有些名词，如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。 a number of +名词复数+复数动词。 the number of +名词复数+单数动词。 a number of books have lent out. the majority of the students like english.六、与后接名词或代词保持一致 1用 half of, part of, most of, a po

9、rtion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与 of 后面的名词，代词保持一致。 most of his money is spent on books. most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由 more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。 many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。 more than 60 percent of the st

10、udents are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。 补充强调：主谓一致中的“表里不一现象和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，最根本的原那么是：单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。但在实际使用当中情况比拟复杂，现在笔者把在教学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下，以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。 1. “more than one +名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。例如： more than one teacher gets the flowers. 2. “many a +名词作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数。例如： many a student ha

11、s been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树。 3. “half of, the rest of, most of, all of 及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词形式根据 of 后的名词而定。例如： three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water. 地球外表四分之三为水所覆盖。 4. all 指人时，动词用复数；all 指物时，动词用单数。例如： “all are present and all is going well, our manager said. 我们

12、经理说：“所有人全部到场了，一切进展顺利。 5. what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，那么用复数。例如： what they want to get is a number of good books. 他们想得到的是大量的好书。 6. and 连接的两个单数名词前假设用 eacheveryno 修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： no book and no pen is found in the schoolbag. 书包里没有书和钢笔。 7. 当主语后面有由 as well as，with，along with，toget

13、her with，but，like，rather than，except 等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致。例如： my father as well as his workmates has been to beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过。 8. each 作主语的同位语时， 谓语动词由主语来决定，与 each 无关。例如： they each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车。 9. 动词不定式动词-ing 形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。例如： going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.

14、 晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。 10. the following 作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致。例如： the following are some good examples. 下面是一些好例子。 11. 以-ics 结尾的学科名词，如 politics，physics，mathematics 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。以-s 结尾的名词 news，works， plastics 等同属此类。例如： politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各都开设政治课。 12. 有些用来表示由两个对应局部组成一体的名词复数(trousers，g

15、lasses，shoes 等)作主语时，前面假设有“一条“一副“一把之类的单位词，动词用单数；假设没有单位词或单位词是复数，那么谓语动词用复数。例如：the shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很适宜。 13. “one and a half +名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。例如： one and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果。 14. “one or two/more +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： one or two persons are sent there to help them do t

16、he work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮助。 15. “one of +复数名词+ 定语从句结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句的结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。例如： he is one of the students who get there on time. 他是准时到达那里的学生之一。 16. 表示时间距离金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但假设强调数量，谓语动词可用复数。例如： one million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱。【模拟试题模

17、拟试题】 1. plastics _ many other materials. a. has taken place ofb. has taken the place of c. are in place ofd. is instead of 2. we went to professor lis yesterday. he gave us _. a. some adviceb. advices c. an adviced. some advices 3. i hope you had _. are you tired? a. a good travelb. good trip c. a g

18、ood travelingd. a good journey 4. you have made _. you should be more careful. a. a lot of mistake b. a great deal of mistakes c. a large number of mistakes d. few mistake 5. my sister has _. a. a piece of jewelry b. a jewelry c. a little of jewels d. a bit jewelry 6. _ is made of _. a. glass, glass

19、es b. a glass, glass c. a glass, glasses d. glasses, glasses 7. oh, john _ you gave us! a. how a pleasant surprise b. how pleasant surprise c. what a pleasant surprise d. what pleasant surprise 8. what _ ! we were wet all over. a. heavy rain b. heavy rains c. a heavy rain d. big rain 9. we used to p

20、lay _ when we were young. a. in the sand b. in the sands c. on the sand d. on the sands 10. there _ in my class. which of them do you want to see? a. is john b. are three johns c. are the johns d. is the john 11. the whole box of matches _ wet. we cant light any one. a. is b. are c. was d. were 12.

21、a cow has four _. a. stomachs b. stomaches c. heads d. eyes 13. there _ on the wall. they are very beautiful. a. are photos b. are photosc. is a photo d. is photos 14. the _ of the cottage were covered with _. a. roofs, leafs b. roofs, leaves c. rooves, leafs d. rooves, leaves 15. zhang lin and zhang hong are _ .