（整理版高中英语）高一英语必修一二语法汇总

1、高一英语必修一、二【北师大版】语法汇总定语从句1. 定语从句的结构及理解2. 定语从句的关系词的使用3. 定语从句的简化表达· 知识总结归纳一定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子做这个名词或代词的定语叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1. there she

2、saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.一堵墙似的洪水advancing d'v:nsi adj. 前进的；年长的v. 前进；超前advance的ing形式there ð, 弱ð, ðr adv. 在那里；在那边；在那点上int. 你瞧n. 那个地方2. in japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. a theme park is a collec

3、tion of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. the park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of asia.5. visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the thin

4、gs they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. oprah winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.二定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，那么句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。1. before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a te

5、rrible roar.2. tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.三关系

6、词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1. there was a man with whom i would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点一领先行词有最高级，序数词修饰

7、，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。1. the titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. there is one thing that keeps worrying me.二领先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that1. im very glad to return to my hometown where i had lived for 10 years.2. thi

8、s is my hometown which i used to talk about to you.3. i think i can understand the reason why he didnt tell the truth to me.4. no one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.ppt 中关于定语从句有详细解释三定语从句的简化表达：1. the man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from wuhan un

9、iversity.2. the letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. the question that is being discussed is very important.4. you are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：以上的定语从句局部可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：1. the man sitting on the platform is a professor from wuhan university.2.

10、the letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. the question being discussed is very important.4. you are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：1. 被修饰名词+doing短语：  正在做.的人/正在发生的事。2. 被修饰名词+ d

11、one短语：  被.的人/事3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被.的人/事4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被.的人/事1do you know the man talking to my sister ?2the “crazy gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call in brazil.3did you see that car being repaired ?4in a camera, the lens

12、 must be focused on the object to be photographed.5the students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.6goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in china.7the yellow river, said to be “the mother river runs across china like a huge dragon.总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定

13、式的各种形式作定语。1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个v-ing或v-ed形式作定语，那么可以放在被修饰名词前面。2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。v-ing表示主动意义和正在做，v-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的【典型例题】例1 friendship is needed by all, _ plays an important role in peoples lives.a. which   b. that   c. who&#

14、160;  d. it分析：_ plays an important role in peoples lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词friendship用which连接定语从句。答案：a例2 uncle li _ i worked three years ago has retired now.a. who  b. whom     c. with whom  d. to whom分析：_ i worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词uncle li，从句完整的表达是：i worked wi

15、th uncle li three years ago. 所以关系词前应加上介词with。答案：c例3 is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?a. he explained    b. what he explained  c. how he explained d. why he explained分析：定语从句_ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason指“他在会上就

16、他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。   答案：a例4 teachers, _ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.a. who    b. that  c. which  d. whose分析：非限定性定语从句_ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是附属关系，关系词用whose        &#

17、160;      答案：d例5 the olympic games , _ in 776 bc, didnt included women players until 1912.a. first playing   b. to be first playedc. first played    d. to be first playing分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运发动。_in 776 bc做定语修饰the olympic games，指过去的内容

18、，表示被动。用done做定语。 答案：c例6 the houses _ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.a. built   b. to be built    c. to build  d. being built答案：b例7 how many of us_, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?a. attended

19、60; b. attending  c. to attend  d. have attended分析：根据句意：比方说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰how many of us做定语。与全句动作同步.                    &#

20、160;                             答案：b例8 she has three children, _ is working in australia.a. who  b. one of whom   c. one of them  

21、; d. none of them分析：非限定性定语从句_ is working in australia修饰先行词three children，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。      答案：b【模拟试题】1. susan is the very girl _ the good deed.a. whom i think did   b. whom i think she didc. who i think did    d. i think who di

22、d2. luckily, the poor boy had enough money _ he could buy a train ticket.a. by which  b. on which  c. with which  d. for which3. the book _ he devoted much time is to come out next month.a. where  b. which  c. to which  d. on which4. the day came finally _ i was given a

23、n opportunity to act in the play.a. when  b. in that   c. which  d. in which5. 1. dont you think the question _ tomorrow is of great importance.a. being discussed    b. discussedc. to be discussed    d. to discuss6. the food _ at the moment is for th

24、e dinner party.a. cooked  b. to be cooked   c. is being cooked  d. being cooked7. do you know the teacher _ under the big tree ?a. read  b. reads  c. reading  d. being read 【试题答案】1. c  susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词the very girl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句did the g

25、ood deed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom2. c  定语从句_ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：with3. c 定语从句_ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote.to sth.关系词前加介词：to4. a  定语从句_ i was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day ：先行词the day在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的时机。5. c&

26、#160;  短语_ tomorrow做定语修饰the question，根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。6. d  短语_ at the moment做the food的定语,表示：正在做的食物。being done 做定语表示：正在被的。7. c  现在分词短语reading under the big tree做定语修饰the teacher 表示：正在大树下看书的那位情态动词1. 情态动词的推测表达2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法知识重点与难点总结知识重点：情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：一用

27、情态动词表达事实的推测。can，could，might，may，must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，must表示“肯定，may / might / can / could表示“可能， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否认式may not / might not表示 “可能不, 而can / could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能吗?，其否认式cant / couldnt 表示“不可能。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。二对现在的事实进行推测：主要结构：must / may / might +动词原形

28、60;                            be+名词/形容词/介词短语                    

29、         be + doing例句：1. you must be jeanne. im mathilde loisel. we used to know each other very well.   2. they must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. the teacher must be joking.4. freda isnt in class. she must be sick.5. there mus

30、t be something wrong.6. she might be very clever, but she hasnt got much common sense.7. he may be arriving this evening.8. he may be traveling around the world.9. the keys cant be in the room. i have just searched it very carefully.10. can the news be true ?三对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形

31、容词/介词短语例句：1. mrs. longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. he couldnt have seen anna yesterday. shes gone abroad.3. i think i must have left my glasses in the library.4. he might have overslept again.5. where can tom have gone ?情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来，“不然早就。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达

32、了说话人的埋怨，懊悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构：should have done / ought to have done：本应该shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done：本不该could have done：本来可以neednt have done：本来没必要would like to have done：本来很想would rather not have done: 本来不愿意could / might / have done: 不然早就例句：1. you shouldnt have

33、 laughed at his mistakes.2. you could have told us earlier.3. i ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4. you ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5. we need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6. they would like to have seen that film last film.7. if he had

34、 given me his number, i could have telephoned him.8. they might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知识难点：某些情态动词的特殊用法：need 和dare 的两种形式的用法need 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式to do结构，在疑问句和否认句中，加助动词do/does/did/或dont/doesnt/didnt。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否认句中。情态动词neednt没有必要，不必相当于dont have to例句：1. it is co

35、ld, you need to wear some warm clothes.2. need i stay here with you for a while ?   thank you, you neednt.3. how dare you speak to parents like that ?注意：句型i dare say+从句。 意思是：我肯定 = im sure或there is no doubt that+从句。例句：i dare say that my uncle will get the money if i die.will和would表示“意志或“愿意，

36、would 那么指过去愿意做例句：1. he said that he would help us.2. you may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表达“过去习惯做类似于“used to do例句：1. when we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.表示请求，固定的句型：will/would you please do? / would you like to do?例句：will/would you please give him a

37、 message when you see him ?shall1. 用于第一，三人称，表示“请求；“建议 或“推荐例句：1. shall we start the meeting now?2. shall i watch tv now ?3. shall my son carry the case for you ?2. 用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求，“许诺例句：1. you shall take whatever you like.2. you shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.在表示推测

38、的否认句或疑问句中，常用can /cant /could / couldnt表示，意思是：“可能吗?；“不可能。而不能使用mustnt或must等词。【典型例题】1. do you think he will do me a favor ? as far as i know, he is the last one to help others. he _ be prepared to give you a hand, though.a. might  b. must    c. can d. should分析：此题考查情态动词推测性用法。 根据

39、he is the last one to help others.他是最不可能帮助别人的人，既然如此，那么“帮助你的可能性也就最小了。 答案为a2. look, someone is coming. guess who it _ be ? i think it _ be tom. i dont think it _ be _ .a. can ; must ; can ; he    b. may ; can ; must ; himc. must ; can ; must ; his    d. might ;

40、must ; can ; himself分析：根据备选答案。 can表示推测时用于疑问句或否认句中。此题首句就应该是guess who can it be? 第二句应该是i think it must be tom.说话人十分肯定。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否认。即：i dont think it can be him/he.不可能是他。答案为a3. do you know ms. wang likes walking after supper ? sure. she _ around the campus now.a. must be walking     b. must walkc. may walk   &