江苏省南通市牛津译林版七年级英语下册教师辅导讲义【人称代词、反身代词】

1、学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数：学员姓名： 辅导科目： 学科教师：授课类型TC 人称代词和其他代词T 授课日期及时段月日教学内容代词详解代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。1、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称，分为主格和宾格两种形式。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I（我）you （你）he（他）she（她）it（它）we（我们）you（你们）they （他们/她们/ 它们）宾格me（我）you （你）him（他）her（她）it（她）us（我们）you（你

2、们）them （他们/ 她们/ 它们）1） 主格用来作句子的主语、表语。 如： I often go shopping on Sundays.（星期天我常去购物） Are they from Brazil?（他们是巴西人吗？） Where have they gone?（他们上哪儿去了？） Thats it.（就那么回事） Its he!（是他！）2） 宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 如：Who teaches you English this year?（今年谁教你们的英语？） Help me!（救救我！） We often write letters to her.（我们常给他写信）3

3、） 人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时，可以用主格形式，也可以用宾格形式，口语中大多用宾格。 如：-Who is it?（是谁？） Its I/me.（是我。）4）并列人称代词的排列顺序 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称> 第三人称 > 第一人称，即you> he/she; it -> I。 例如：You, he and I should return on time. 你我他需要准时返回。 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称 > 第二人称 > 第三人称，即we>you>they。 注意： 在下列情况中，

4、第一人称放在前面。a. 在承认错误，承担责任时， It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话，且长官或长辈为第一人称时。I and you try to finish it. 我和你去弄好它。c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。5）人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外，还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义，此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用，替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：-Whats the weather like today

5、?Its fine. -Whats the time? Its 12：00. Its a long way to go. It took him three days to clean his house. It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space. We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.2、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词，分为形容词性和名词性两种。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数

6、第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性形容词性my（我的）your（你的）his（他的）her（她的）its（它的）our（我们的）your（你们的）their（他们的/ 她们的/ 它们的）名词性mine（我的）Yours（你的）his（他的）hers（她的）its（她的）ours（我们的）yours（你们的）theirs（他们的/ 她们的/它们的）1）形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语，后面要跟名词。如：Is that your umbrella? / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. / They are their books.2）名词性物主

7、代词相当于名词，既代替事物又表明所属关系，在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语，后面千万不可以跟名词。如：This is your cup,but where is mine? / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.3）“of 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格，作定语时放在名词的后面。如：A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. 试比较 My friend came to see me yesterday. （指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。）3、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或

8、者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)Themselves(他们/ 她们/它们自己)另外：one的反身代词为oneself 反身代词的用法： 1）作宾语a. 有些动词需跟反身代词，如absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等。例如： We enj

9、oyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。 Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词，如take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth等。例如： I could not dress（myself）up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。注：有些动词后不跟反身代词，如：get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。例如：Please sit down. 请坐。2）用作

10、表语，如结构be oneself。例如： I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。 3）用作同位语 The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。4）在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。 如：No one but myself（me）is hurt. 注意： a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。（错）Myself drove the car. （对）I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。 b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反

11、身代词，特别是myself 作主语。 例如：Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我看见了这件事。4、指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。单数复数含义this（这个）these（这些）指较近的人和物that（那个）those（那些）指较远的人和物such （这样的人/物）指上文提过的人和物same （同样的人/物）指和上文提过的相同的人和物it （这人/这物）指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时 指示代词的句法功能：a. 作主语。例如： This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。b. 作宾语。例如： I like t

12、his better than that. 我喜欢这个甚于那个。c. 作主语补语。例如：My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。d. 作介词宾语。例如： I dont say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。 There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。说明：1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。例如：（对）That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。（that作主语，指人） （对）He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词） （错）He is

13、going to marry this. （this作宾语时不能指人） （对）I bought this. 我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语）2、that和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：（对）He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。（对）He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人） （错）He admired that who danced well. （that作宾语时不能指人

14、）（对）He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）（对）He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）5、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。（用法见不定代词专题）单数含义someanynonone/each（every）oneeither,neithersothe other,another复合不定代词不可数含义muchlittle,a littleall/复数含义manyfew,a fewonesbothothers,the oth

15、ers注：复合不定代词有12个：something（某事）, someone（某人）, somebody（某人）, anything（任何事）, anyone（任何人）, anybody（任何人）, nothing（没事）,nobody（没有人）, no one（没有人）, everything（一切）, everyone（每个人）, everybody（每个人）. 6、相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。 1）相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。它们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的。例如： It is easy to see th

16、at the people of different cultures have always copied each other. 显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。2）相互代词的句法功能：a. 作动词宾语； People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。b. 可作介词宾语； Dogs bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很

17、多。例如：He put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 这些小团体通常是相互独立的。c. 相互代词可加-s构成所有格。例如： The students borrowed each others notes. 学生们互借笔记。练一练1. These are _ books. Yours are over there.A. I B. my C. me D. mine2. - _ is she? - S

18、he is a teacher.A. What B. How C. Who D. Where3. _ is wrong with my watch. It has stopped _.A. Something, working B. Something, to workC. Anything, working D. Anything, to work4. Mary, help _ to the bananas, please.A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves5. - _ do you go to school every day? - By bu

19、s.A. How B. Why C. When D. Where6. My skirt is_ popular than_.A. much, her B. much, hers C. more, her D. more, hers7. - Can you speak English? - Yes, but only_.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little8. Mr.Smith is an old friend of_.A. I B. me C. my D. mine9. “_ do you hear from your parents?”“About on

20、ce a month.”A. How long B. How manyC. How often D. How much10. Mr Green wouldn't say _ at the meeting.A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something11. “Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her _ to eat.” “Good idea!”A. anything nice B. nice anythingC. something nice D. nice somethin

21、g12. - When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?- I don't mind. _ time is OK.A. Some B. Neither C. Either D. Both13. This is not her kite,but_.A. he's B. him C. he D. his14. Don't worry, Mum! _ news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon.A. No B. Many C. Those D

22、. Two15. Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has _ apples than he.A. few B. many C. more D. fewer16. There isn't _ in today's newspaper.A. anything interestingB. something interestingC nothing interestingD. interesting anything17. September 10th is_ Day?A. Teacher B. Teachers C.

23、Teacher's D. Teachers'18. - In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country? - _.A So we do. B. We do so. C So do we. D. We so do.19. - Shall we go into that shop and have a look?- Sorry. I won't. I have _ to do there.A. everything B. anything C. someth

24、ing D. nothing20. - Oh, dear! Who broke the glass? - _ Sam _ Bruce. It was the cat.A. Both, and B. Not, but C. Neither, nor D. Either, orKeys：1【答案】B.【析】这里应用形容词性物主代词。2【答案】A.【析】这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。What is she？应译为“她的工作是什么？”或“她是做什么的？”而How is she?应译为“她身体如何？”而Who is she?应译为“她是谁？”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Where

25、is she?应为“她在什么地方？”由答语决定了这道题的选择。3【答案】A.【析】因为是肯定句所以应用Something，其后由于表停止工作了，则stop后要用动名词。4【答案】C.【析】help oneself to something为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”，而yourselves为“你们”。5【答案】A.【析】这题的答案是由问句决定的。6【答案】D.【析】因句中有than，所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性物主代词。7【答案】D.【析】因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little，把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅仅会讲一点。8【答案】D.【析】这里

26、应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择my。9【答案】C.【析】How often问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。10【答案】C.【析】在否定句中应用anything11【答案】C.【析】肯定句中用something而不用anything，不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。12【答案】C.【析】因如选用both则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前有I don't mind 则决定不能选择neither.13【答案】D.【析】要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。14【答案】A.【析】这是一条谚语，即没有消息就

27、是好消息。15【答案】C.【析】由于是比较级，根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。16【答案】A.【析】由于句子是否定句，应选择anything，而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。17【答案】D.【析】教师节Teachers' Day，儿童节 Children's Day， 妇女节 Women's Day18【答案】C.【析】在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要采用倒装句，但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。19【答案】D.【析】这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。20【答案】C.【析】neithernor意为既不也不（ ）1. No

28、 matter how many times we fail, we should still try _ best and never give up. A. weB. usC. ourD. ours（ ）2. The world is divided into two parts. One half of the world is rich and 26 is poor. A. othersB. anotherC. the othersD. the other（ ）3. These words caused the boys eyes to be filled with tears. He

29、 hugged his father. They didnt say to each other for a long time. A. everythingB. anybodyC. nothingD. anything（ ）4. 一Which would you prefer，a pear or an apple? 一 _An orange，please ANone BEither CNeither DBoth（ ）5. We raised hands again. A. our B. ours C. ourselves D. us（ ）6. There is_ sugar in the b

30、ottle. Would you please go to buy _now? A. a little; any B. little; some C. a little; some D. little; any（ ）7. Rose is a pretty name but there was _ pretty about Typhoon（台风） Rose. It was the worst typhoon to hit Hong Kong in the last few decades. A. nothing B. no C. anything D. any （ ）8. Would you l

31、ike to visit the museum or go to the amusement park tomorrow? _. I prefer to stay at home. A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. None （ ）9. He knew that if he picked up ordinary pebbles and threw them down again because they were cold, he might pick up the same pebble hundreds of times. So, when he felt       &