高考英语新题型“概要写作”PPT课件

1、2021/7/241普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明概要写作：概要写作：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）词数词数少于少于4040的和的和多余多余8080的，的，从从总分中减去总分中减去2 2分分2021/7/242评分原则评分原则1 1、本题总分为、本题总分为2525分，按分，按5 5个档次给分。个档次给分。2 2、评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确、评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。确定或调整档次，最后给分。

2、3 3、词数少于、词数少于4040的和多于的和多于8080的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去2 2分。分。2021/7/243 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑： (1)(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)(3)上下文的连贯性；上下文的连贯性；(4)(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况；对各要点表达的独立性情况；2021/7/244Narration （记叙文）（记叙文）Exposition （说明文）（说明文）Forms of LiteratureArgumentat

3、ion (议论文）议论文）2021/7/245typeskey information记叙文记叙文narration人物人物+时间时间+地点地点+事件（起因事件（起因+发展发展+结果）结果）说明文说明文exposition描写某事物的性质功用。即描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象对象+性质功用性质功用+利好利好”；针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即即“问题问题+解决方法解决方法”；介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象现象+原因原因+结果结果”议论文议论文argumentation论点论点+论据论据(+结论结论)1. 确定文体确定文体 the

4、 types of the passage2021/7/246Argumentation (议论文）议论文）TopicSupporting ideasConclusion2021/7/247概要写作（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 (Para 1 )Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 2021/7/248 (Para 2 )In the early

5、16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in h

6、is kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobl

7、eman should not go out. (Para 3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing

8、 disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? (Para 4)Attitudes to dirt still differ

9、 hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the

10、latter position is gaining some ground.2021/7/249There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirtStep 1: Readtopic sentence: structure supporting ideasFind out the topic sentence of each paragraphthink, believe, consider, regard, argue, support, be convinced that, in ones opinion, from ones point of v

11、iewYou may need to pay attention to some words like:2021/7/2410 Para 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was tho

12、ught to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a noble

13、man had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Examples of some European countries 2021/7/2411 (Para 3) Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century

14、. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter t

15、han white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? 2021/7/2412 (Para 4) Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. O

16、n the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.2021/7/2413Step 2: Make an outline Topic: There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirtsuppor-tingIdeas(Para 2 )

17、(Para 3) nowadays (Para 4) In the 16th centurysince18th centuryPeople thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out diseasehas no longer been regarded ascleaning away dirt is good to healthencourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system2021/7/2414 Step 3: Rewrite

18、the sentences in other ways There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.different, mixed, various反义转换opinions, views, ideas同义词替换同义词替换 Peoples attitudes to dirt vary in different times. towards句型转换句型转换 People hold different opinions towards dirt over time. The attitudes to dirt is not always the s

19、ame. 2021/7/2415 In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease. Have a try!2021/7/2416 In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease. think: believe, hold, consider, insist, argue, are convinced.同义词

20、替换同义词替换block out disease: prevent/protect/keep away from illness; One possible version: In the 16th century, people believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. 2021/7/2417. dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning aw

21、ay dirt is good to health.wash off, get rid ofbenefits, is beneficial to, does good to, contributes toOne possible version: People began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.2021/7/2418 Nowadays, encourages pe

22、ople to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. One possible version:Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.People are encouraged to语态转换语态转换be exposed to.believe, support, agree, approve.2021/7/2419 People hold mixed opinions towards dirt

23、 on our skin. In the 16th century, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. People began to change their attitudes to dirt more than 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. Nowadays, some s

24、cientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.However,Nevertheless/But/however people Add two linking words to make the passage coherentStep 4: Make the summary coherent nowadays, 2021/7/2420Step 5: Revise( 67 words)People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. In th

25、e 16th century, people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. But nowadays, some scientists believe that expo

26、sure to some dirt may help our immune system.4 “C” : complete, correct, concise, coherent 2021/7/2421How to write a summary(argumentation)1.Read 2.Make an outline 3.Rewrite4. Make it coherent5. Revise6. neatly copy-Topic , structure, key supporting sentences2021/7/2422Homework Finish the summary wri

27、ting of the following Passage2021/7/2423阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。词左右的内容概要。 Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic(充满活力的充满活力的) the whole day. So, getting up

28、 early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions(条件条件). Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other

29、 time of the day.2021/7/2424 If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will

30、 probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit(受益受益) a lot from it.2021/7/2425 Getting up early in the morning is a good habit and very important, because in the morning we can have a better memory, healthier bodies and better preparation for the day. In addition, morning exercise can help us keep healthy. So, it is beneficial to us.参考范文参考范文2021/7/2