国际货代英语lesson

1、Unit 8 Chartering business租船业务租船定义o Chartering is the business of providing employment for a vessel and arranging suitable sea transport for a variety of commodities.o chartering: 租用(在这里引申为“租船”)o employment: 雇用,使用,利用, o suitable:适当的,相配的 o variety:变化,多样性,品种 o commodity:商品o 租船是提供使用船舶和为各类货物安排适宜海上运输的业务.

2、 o The different requirements of employment for vessels call for several different kinds of chartering.o 对船舶使用的不同需求要求不同类型的租船。o The three principal methods of chartering a tramp ship are voyage charter, time charter, and bareboat charter.o voyage charter: 航次租船o time charter：定期租船o bareboat charter：光船租

3、赁o 租用不定期货船的三种主要租约是航次租船、定期租船和光船租赁。Voyage Chartering 航次租船 o The voyage chartering means that the shipowner promises to carry on board a specific ship a particular cargo for a single voyage from one or more loading ports to one or more discharging ports. o shipowner: 船东o single voyage: 单程航次(voyage:航程,r

4、ound trip charter:往返租船) o loading port: 装货港o discharging port: 卸货港 o Under a voyage charter, a ship is chartered for a one-way voyage between specified ports with a specified cargo at a negotiated rate of freight. o negotiated rate：协议运价o 航次租船指的是在指定港口运送特定货物以协议运价单程运输的租船方式。o The charterer agrees to pro

5、vide the cargo for loading within an agreed range of dates.o 租船者同意在协定时间范围内提供货物用于上货。o Once the cargo has been delivered at the port or ports of destination, the ship is free for further employment at the owners discretion.o Discretion：判断力o 一旦货物从港口运出或到达目的港，船舶可以根据所有者的决定用于进一步使用。 o The relationship betwe

6、en the parties is governed by the voyage charter party.o be governed by: 由控制,受约束 o voyage charter party: 航次租船合同o 租船双方的关系受航次租船合同的约束.航次租船合同包含的内容(9个内容)oThe names of the parties 合同双方的名称oThe name and nationality of the ship 船舶的名称和国籍oIts bale or grain capacity 船舶包装或散装舱容. (注释:bale or grain capacity : 包装或散装

7、容积.)oDescription of the goods to be loaded 对货物装载的描述.oPort of loading and discharge 装货港和卸货港的规定.oTime for loading and discharge 装货和卸货的时间.oPayment of freight 运费的支付.oDemurrage 滞期货的规定 (注释:demurrage 滞期货)oDispatch and other relevant matters 速遣费和其它相关事宜的规定 o Under a voyage charter the shipowner retains the o

8、perational control of the vessel and is responsible for all the operating expenses such as port charges ,bunkers, taxes, etc. o retain:保持,保留 o port charge:港口费用 o bunker:燃油费o 在航次租船条件下,船东仍保留对船舶的控制，负责港口费,燃油费,税收等所有的营运费用o Loading and discharging costs are divided between the shipowner and the charterer i

9、n accordance with the agreement from case to case .o 船东和租船人依照每票的协议划分装载和卸载费用 o There are several standard forms of voyage charter party used. A typical example is GENCON form that is a general charter party designed to be used in trades where no specific form exists.o typically: 代表性地,作为特色的 o Gencon f

10、orm: 金康格式(全称统一杂货租船合同(Uniform General Charter).是一个不分杂货和航线,适用范围比较广泛的航次租船合同的标准格式.) o 航次租船合同有多种标准格式可供使用.最具代表性的是金康格式,它是普遍使用的租船合同,可用于没有特殊形式存在的贸易当中. Time Chartering 定期租船 o The time chartering means that the shipowner provides a designated manned ship to the charterer, and the charterer employs the ship for

11、 a specific period against payment of hire o designated : 指定的,派定的, o manned:有人驾驶的,有人操纵的(在这里是指配备船员)o hire: 租金,工钱o 定期租船者是指船舶所有人提供给承租人一艘特定的配备船员的船舶,由承租人使用一定期限并交付租金.o The hire is payable in advance for a month or other period . If the hire is not paid promptly the shipowner may be entitled to cancel the

12、charter .o promptly:敏捷地,迅速地 o be entitled to: 有权(做), 有的资格 o 租金应提前一个月或其他期限支付,如果没有及时迅速地支付佣金,船舶所有人有权取消此次租凭.o Under a time charter the crew is employed by the shipowner, who is also responsible for the nautical operation and maintenance of the vessel, and supervision of the cargo.o crew :全体人员(工作)队,在这里引申

13、为船员“o nautical : 船员的,船舶的,航海的(nautical operation :航行操作) o maintenance :维护,保持 o 定期租船条件下,由船舶所有人雇船员,并且负责航行操作和船舶的维修和货物的监督.o The charter is liable for costs directly connected with the use of the vessel ,for example ,bunker costs and port charges and pays for the loading and discharging.o is liable for: 对

14、应负责任 o connected :相关联的o 承租人负责与船舶使用有直接相关联的费用,比如燃油费,港口费以及支付装载和卸载费用.o Liability for the cargo may be determined in different ways and may rest with the shipowner or with the charterer or may be divided between them in one way or another.o liability:责任,义务 o rest with:取决于,在于 ,由负责o 对于货物(风险)的责任划分可能有不同方式来决定

15、,可能由船舶所有人负责或者由承租人负责或者也可能双方之间以一种或者其他方式来划分.o When giving orders to vessel, the charterer must keep within the trading limits prescribed by the contract with respect to geographical areas as well as cargoes to be carried .o trading limits 航区限制 o prescribe 规定,指示 o with respect to 关于,至于o 当给船舶下了一票货后,承租人就地

16、理区域和所载货物都要保持在合同规定的航区限制之内.oThere are also some standard forms of time charter party used in the time chartering business.o定期租船合同也有几种标准格式.主要的两种格式:1.NYPE form 土产格式全称纽约土产交易所定期租船合同(The New York Produce Exchange Time Charter),是美国纽约的土产交易所指定的定期租船合同的标准格式.2.BALTIME form 波尔的海全称波尔的海统一定期租船合同 是波罗的海国际航运协会指定的定期租船合同

17、标准格式.oBy far the largest number of time chartering are fixed on the basis of the NYPE Charter Party. 到目前为止大量的定期租船都是以土产格式作为合同样本的基础.Bareboat Chartering 光船租船 o The bareboat chartering ordinarily means that the vessel is put at the disposal of the charterer for a long period employment without any crew.

18、o ordinarily 普通 平常o The charterer thus will take over almost all of the shipowners functions. o take over 接管 接受 (这里引申为负责)o functions 职责 作用o 因此承租人将负责几乎所有船舶所有人的职责.o Under a bareboat charter, the charter engages the master and crew, arranges for repairs and supplies, and, in general, functions in much

19、the same way as an owner during the term of the charter.o 在光船租赁中，承租人负责雇佣船长和全体船员， 安排修葺和供给，总体来说在租船期间具有几乎和船主一样的职能。 o This means that the charterer will have the commercial as well as the technical responsibility for the vessel and will pay for maintenance, crew costs and insurance, etc.这意味着承租人必须承担贸易商的职责,也同样要负责船舶方面技术上的职责,支付船舶的维修费用,船员的工资和保险等等. o Bareboat chartering is less common than other types of chartering.o 光船租船与其他租船方式相比较少使用.o It is sometimes employed in connect with the financial arrangements for purchase of the vessel on installment terms.o i