英文介绍中国经济China Economy

1、Economy 1949-1979: Central Planning Economy* Majority state-owned* Not profit-driven* Iron rice bowl 1979- : Market Economy* Economic reform* Privatization of state-owned businessesGDP (Source: CIA TheWorld Factbook)/cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2001rank.htmlEconomyEconomic

2、Indices (Source: CIA TheWorld Factbook)Purchasing Power Parity (per capita): $7,600 (2006 est.), ranked 109th. (US - $43,500 10th)Real growth rate: 10.5% (official data) (2006 est.), ranked 12th ; 9.5% in 2004GDP - composition by sector:*agriculture: 11.9% *industry and construction: 48.1% *services

3、: 40% (2006) Economic Indices (contd)(Source: CIA TheWorld Factbook) Population below poverty line: 10% 4.2% official registered unemployment in urban areas in 2005; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas (2005) Industrial production growth rate: 22.9% (2006 est.) Oil - consumpt

4、ion: 6.534 million bbl/day (2005) Exports (Source: CIA TheWorld Factbook)/cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2078rank.htmlExports (Source: CIA TheWorld Factbook)Exports - commodities: machinery and equipment, plastics, optical and medical equipment, iron and steel Exports - partne

5、rs: US 21.4%, Hong Kong 16.3%, Japan 11%, South Korea 4.6%, Germany 4.3% (2005) Imports (Source: CIA TheWorld Factbook)/cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2087rank.htmlImports (Source: CIA TheWorld Factbook)Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, oil and mineral fuels, pla

6、stics, optical and medical equipment, organic chemicals, iron and steel Imports - partners: Japan 15.2%, South Korea 11.6%, Taiwan 11.2%, US 7.4%, Germany 4.6% (2005) Currency(Source: CIA TheWorld Factbook)Reserves of foreign exchange & gold: $1.034 trillion (2006 est.) Currency: yuan (CNY) note

7、: also referred to as the Renminbi (RMB) Exchange rates: yuan per US dollar - 7.97 (2006), 8.1943 (2005), 8.2768 (2004), 8.277 (2003), 8.277 (2002) Telephones - main lines in use (Source: CIA TheWorld Factbook)/cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2150rank.htmlTelephones - mobile ce

8、llular (Source: CIA TheWorld Factbook) /cia/publications/factbook/rankorder/2151rank.htmlChina and WTO Benefits* a more regulated business environment for foreigners wishing to enter China* allow more goods and services from China to flow into other countries Example: the automotiv

9、e sector * Substantial tariff reductions * 34-percent jump in auto sales* U.S. auto parts exports increased more than 60 percent in the first three quarters of 2002, in comparison with the previous year. Doing Business in China Understand the culture and preferences* E.g., McDonald, KFC Understand g

10、overnment regulations Guanxi Work with people* Face-saving* Harmony* Interpersonal relationship* Group-orientationOne-Child Policy Planned Birth Policy* Traditional Chinese family values* Maos belief* Population explosion The “Birth Policy” is diversified. Under different circumstances and environme

11、nts, different measures are adopted. - At the moment, the average Chinese family has 1.8 childrenConsequencesFertility rate reductionThe fertility rate has fallen to 1.7324f882934 births per woman, a sub-replacement fertility rate (compared to 2.1, essentially a replacement level rate, in the United

12、 States). Such a reduction in fertility reduced the severity of problems that come with overpopulation, like epidemics, slums, overwhelmed social services (health, education, law enforcement, and more), and strain on the ecosystem from abuse of fertile land and production of high volumes of waste. C

13、onsequencesSocial Problems* Spoiled generation* 1-2-4 problem* Aging society* Gender-based birthrate disparity 117:100 gender ratio in 2000* InjusticeHuman Rights* Forced sterilization, forced abortion, and infanticide Some statements- The “Birth Policy” stipulates that families living in the city c

14、an only have one child per family; families living in the countryside can have two children per family; the less economically developed western tribal area, this policy is even loose and each family can have 3 children; in some places like Tibet, the number of children in a family is not restricted.- At the moment, China is launching the “Care Girls Campaign” which aimed at publicising strongly the status and rights of girls in the society in order to correct the concept of “boys are better”- Furthermore