主谓一致的用法讲解

1、主谓一致的用法讲解一、概述句子的主语有单复数及人称的变化，其谓语动词需要根据主语的人称和数的不同而有所变 化。即：谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。Her dreams have come true.她的梦想实现了。Her dream has come true.她的（一个）梦想实现了。从以上两个例句可以看出谓语动词随主语的数而变化。She/He often arrives school late.她（他）常常上学迟到。They often arrive school late.他们常常上学迟到。You often arrive school late.你常常上学迟到。从以上三个例句可

2、以看出谓语动词随主语的人称变化而变化。I am a teacher.我是老师。He/She is a teacher 他（她）是老师。They are teachers.他们是老师。从以上三个例句可以看出谓语动词be随主语的人称变化而变化。二、主语与谓语一致所遵循的三个原则主语的人称，特别是主语的数是决定谓语形式的关键。除第一人称I和第二人称you之外，单数主语之后的谓语动词用单数形式；复数主语之后的谓语动词用复数形式。主语和谓语动词的一致要遵循下面三个原则：1语法上的一致所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓

3、语动词用复数；主语为单数或者是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。Ch ina belo ngs to the Third World.中国属于第三世界。We are sure he will come.我们肯定他会来。使用语法一致的情况（1 ）当主语是and, bothand连接的并列结构如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。My mother and I have seen the film.我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。Both rice and wheat are grow n in this part of Ch ina. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。注意：由and连接的

4、并列主语前面分别有each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。Every boy and every girl has to receive educati on in our country.在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。No student and no teacher was invited to the party.师生没有被邀请参加晚会。（2 ）主语后面接说明主语的修饰语主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如with , along with , together with , as well as, like , rather than,but, except, besid

5、es, including , in addition to，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主 语一致的关系。The teacher with two stude nts was at the meet in g.那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car.这个姑娘和男孩子一道，也学会了开汽车。A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift. 一个有 5000 册书的图书馆作 为礼物赠送给了国家。E-

6、mail, as well as teleph on es, is play ing an importa nt part in daily com muni cati on.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。Nobody but Jane kn ows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密。All but one were here just now.刚才除了一个人外都来了。（3）非谓语动词或从句作主语非谓语动词（动词的-ing形式、不定式）或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。When and where to build the new factory is not decid

7、ed yet. 什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来。Checki ng in formation is very importa nt. 核实事实是非常重要的。To lear n foreig n Ian guages is not easy.学习外语并非易事。When we will hold the meet ing is not decided yet.我们何时开会尚未决定。注意：当what引导主语从句或由and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。What we n eed here is money.我们这里需要的是资金。What we n e

8、ed here are workers .我们这里需要的是工人。Lying and stealing are immoral .说谎与偷窃是不道德的。（4）each和复合不定代词作主语each 禾口 some/any/no/every 十 body/one/thing 构成的复合不定代词 anyone、anybody、anything、 every one、everybody、everythi ng、some one somebody、someth ing、no one、n obody、nothing、 each、the other作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each is worse tha n

9、 the one before. 一个比一个差。Nobody knows the answer.没有一个人知道这答案。Some one wants to see you.有人想见你。Is there any thi ng in the box?箱子里有什么东西吗 ？There is a lot of milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多奶。（5）“ many a +单数名词”作主语“many a、（很多"more than one（不只一个）+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Many a student has been to Beijing.很多学生去过北京

10、。There is more than one answer to your question. 你的问题不只有一个答案。（6）“ one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有 the等限定词和修饰语“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有 the only , the very , the等限定词和修饰语时，定语 从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man.汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩。He is the only one of the students who h

11、as been a winner of scholarship for three years . 他是这三 年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生。注意:如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others.汤姆是个随时愿意帮助别人的男孩。（7）由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语英语中有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如g1asses（眼镜），scissors（剪刀），shorts（短裤），shoes（鞋子 ）, trousers（裤子）等作主语，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。His glas

12、ses were broke n, so he can't see well.他的眼镜碎了，因而看不清楚。His trousers are made of cotton. 他的裤子是棉布的。注意:若这类名词前带有 pair等表示单位的名词时，则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词 的形式。Two pairs of trousers are missing. 两条裤子不见了。This pair of shoes is not on sale. 这双鞋不出售。2、意义上的一致意义上的一致是指谓语动词与主语的一致取决于主语所表达的意义。若主语形式上为复数， 而意义上是单数，动词要用单数；若主语形

13、式上为单数，而意义上为复数，则动词用复数。The Uni ted States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。The police are look ing into the matter. 警察正在调查此事。使意义上的一致的情况（1 ）由and连接两个并列主语其后的谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果两个单数名词指同一个人、同一事物、单一概念时，谓语动词要用单数，有时两个名词共用一个冠词。The worker and writer has written a new novel. 这位工人兼作家写了一部新小说。（两个名词共用一个冠词）There is a journ al

14、ist and writer livi ng in America whose n ame is Alex Haley.在美国有一个名叫亚利克斯？哈利的记者兼作家。Truth and honesty is always the best policy. 真诚总是上策。注意：用and连接起来的两个单数主语，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以是复数。Three and five makes /make eight.三加五等于八。Time and tide wait/waits for no man . 岁月不等人。（2 ）形复意单的名词作主语 复数形式的专有名词（表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、

15、杂志等）做主语， 通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数。The Uni ted States is in North America.美国在北美洲。The Arabia n Nights is read all over the world. 天方夜谭是流传世界各地的名著。The New York Times has a wide circulatio n.纽约时报销路很广。注意：表示山脉、群岛、瀑布等的专有名词和以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、 同姓的若干人，谓语也用复数。The Alps rise over 4 countries.阿尔卑斯山脉跨越了四国。Niagara Falls a

16、re not as high as Victoria Falls.尼亚加拉瀑布没有维多利亚瀑布高。The Smiths were also invited.史密斯一家人也受到了邀请。There are 3 Marys and 2 Roberts in my class.我班有三个叫玛丽、两个叫罗伯特的学生。 以-ics结尾表示学科的名词做主语，通常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。这类名词有: physics, politics, mathematics, economics, athletics, electronics 等。Politics is now taught in all sch

17、ools.现在各学校都开设政治课。Economics is a scie nee of the way in which in dustry and trade produce and use wealth.经济学是研究工业、贸易生财和用财之道。注意：当这些动词表示有关方面的活动情况、见解、原理等意思时，谓语动词需用复数形式。What are his politics?他的政见如何？The economics of n ati onal growth are of the greatest importa nee to all moder n gover nmen ts. 国家 发展经济的原理

18、对现代各国政府都重要。 news，maths，plastics，physics，works， means（方法 ），the United States 等虽然以-s 结尾， 但意义上作为单数看待。“News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances, ” the company commander said. 集 团军司令说：”随着我们军队的推进胜利的消息接踵而至。”Mathematics/Physics is a required subject for us.数学 /物理是我们必修的科目。Every possible means

19、has been used to prevent the air pollution ， but the sky is still not clear. 所有 可能的直至污染的方法都用了，但天空还是不晴朗的。 成对的名词做主语时用单数形式。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West .面包抹黄油是西方人每天的食品。His gratitude and devotion to the Party is endless.他无限感觉，无限忠于党。 "one and a half +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。One and a half p

20、ears is left o n the table . 一只半梨剩在桌子上。One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能挤出的全部时间。注意：“ one or two+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数。One or two days are eno ugh to see the city .参观该市一两天就足够了。There are one or two things I want to talk over with you . 我有一两件事想跟你商量。（3）有生命的集体名词作主语有生命的集体名词（如people， police，cattle

21、， militia）作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Cattle are also kept.还养了一些牛。There are many people there.那里有很多人。The police are looki ng for the thief. 公安人员在搜寻那个小偷。All the people of the world want peace.全世界人民都渴望和平。注意：family， team， class， government， audienee, crew， committee 等集体名词，如果作 整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作个别成员看待，谓语动词用复数形式。peopl

22、e作“民族”解时，作单数用。Zhang' s family is rather big, with twelve people in all. 张家很大，一共 12 口人。The family are sitt ing at the breakfast table.这家人正坐在早餐桌旁。My family is a large one. 我家是个大家庭。The class are doing experiment in the lab.全班同学正在实验室里做实验。The class has won the honour.这个班获得了荣誉。The Chin ese people is a

23、 great people.中 华民族是一个伟大的民族。（4）名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词作主语，按照意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式，如果指一个人或抽象概念， 谓语动词用单数形式。 这类形容词有：old, young, rich, poor, blind, deaf, dead, sick 等。The rich are not always happy. 富人也有不开心的时候。The wounded is a policeman. 受伤者是一名警察。The beautiful is not always the same as the good

24、. 漂亮的不一定就等于好。（5）表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Twenty years has passed since we left school.我们离开学校已经 20 年了。Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一万美元是一大笔钱。Two mon ths is quite a long time. 两个月时间是很长的。Two hours is eno ugh for us to do this experime nt.我们做这个实

25、验两个小时就够了。Thirty kilometres is a good distance.30 公里是一个相当远的距离。注意：如果说话人侧重一个个的个体，谓语动词用复数形式。Twenty years have passed si nee we parted.自从我们分手以后 20 年己经过去了。(6) “ a number of十复数可数名词”与"the number of十复数可数名词”作主语“a number of十复数可数名词”表示"一些、许多”的意思，谓语动词用复数；“ the numberof十复数可数名词”表示“的数目、数量”，谓语动词用单数。The nu m

26、ber of people in vited was fifty, but a nu mber of them were abse nt for differe nt reasons. 邀 请来的人数是50，但很多人因不同的原因没来。A nu mber of books are miss ing from the library. 图书馆丢了许多书。The nu mber of workers in this factory is in creas ing.这家工厂的工人数目正在增加。(7) none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词作主语none of和neither of后

27、跟复数名词或复数代词时，有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要 根据说话人的意思决定。None of them has arrived yet at the settlement. 他们没有一个至U达新住宅区。None of them have arrived yet. 他们都还没至U。(8) “分数/百分数+of短语”作主语“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语，这时要以of短语中的名词是否为复数而定。Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass .该地区五分之二的土地为树木和草所覆盖。89% of s

28、mokers are male. 89% 的吸烟者是男性。In the USA, 75% of the grain is used to feed ani mals. 在美国，75% 的谷物用来喂养动物。Two-thirds of the earth's surface is sea.地球表面的 2/3 是海洋。Two-thirds of the people were against the plan. 2/3 的人都反对核计划。(9) 表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数，应根据后接名词的单、复数形式而定。这些名间

29、或代词有all , any, enough, half, more, most, the rest,part, some 等。The rest of the buildings are easy to get to.其余的建筑物并不难上。The rest of his life was happy.他的晚年生活很幸福。Most of my time was spe nt in readi ng. 我大部分时间用来读书。Most of the people are aware of it.大部分人都知道它。Some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 一

30、些糖散落在地上。Some of the apples were spilled on the floor. 一些苹果散落在地上。(10 )两个主语，一个肯定，一个否定，谓语动词与肯定主语相一致。The paren ts, and not the son, were miss ing.失踪者不是儿子，而是他的双亲。3、邻近原则邻近原则是指谓语动词要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持人称与数的一致。Neither he nor I am a student.他和我都不是学生。There is a pen , two chairs and a desk.有一支钢笔，两把椅子和一张桌子。这主要有以下几种情况。

31、(1 )由or, eitheror等连接的并列结构作主语由 or、eitheror、nor、neithernor、not only but also、notbut 连接的并歹U主语，通常按照就近一致原则，谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定。Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting. 要么 你要么校长在会议上对这些天才的学生颁奖。Neither he nor I have fini shed the experime nt.他和我都没有做完试

32、验。Either his frie nds or his brother is wrong. 不是他的朋友们错了，就是他哥哥错了。Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of havi ng one exam in ati on after ano ther.不仅我而且简和玛丽都讨厌一个接一个的考试。Not only the teacher but also his stude nts have studied the questio n.不仅老师而且他的学生们都研究了这个问题。（2 ）在主谓倒装句时在主谓倒装句中，主语并列，谓语动词的人称和数与

33、最近的主语相一致。由here或there引导的句子，若有并列主语，谓语也与最靠近的那个主语一致。There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room.There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room.Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away? 你不在时妻子和孩子呆在哪儿？巧记：单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单，如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复，people,police即这般。主语单数后接

34、介，谓语单数介无关，many a作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。or、nor、but also、there be,近主原则挂嘴边。关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，rest, means, fol1owing等，意义决定其复、单。none，all，half of等，of之宾语定答案。还有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。代词all指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。and连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠，no，each, every后单名，两件（种）事（物）系一概念，以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。形容

35、词带the 一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。主谓一致专项练习1、Nothing but carsin the shop.A .is soldB . are sold C . were sold D . are going tosell2、No one except Jack and Tomthe answer.A .knowB. knowsC. is knowing D. are known3、 Seventy percent of the students in our school from the

36、 countryside.A . is B . are C . comes D . are coming4、of the moneyused up.A . Three-five, are B . Three-fifths, have bee nC . Three-fifths, has beenD . Third-fifths, is5、 The number of the people whocarsincreasing.A . owns, are B . owns, is C . own, is D . own, are6、 One of Marx ' s workswritten

37、 in English in the 1860s.A . was B . were C . would be D . are7、 The sheets for your bedwashing.A . needsB . are needing C . want D . are wanting8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.A . stands B . grow C . is standing D . are grown9、 Some personcalling for you at the gate.A . are B . is C . i

38、s being D . will be10、All that can be eateneaten up.A . are being B . has been C. had been D . have been11、Tom s teacher and friendMr. Smith.A . are B. is C. are being D. has12、Your new clothes fit you, but mineme.A . doesn' t fit B. don' t fit C. doesn' t fit for D. don' t fit for13

39、、Neither he nor Ifor the pla n.A .am B . areC . is D . were14、Many a stude ntthat mistake before.A .has made B .have made C . has bee n made Dhad made15、 Peter, perhaps John,playing with the little dog.A. isB . areC. were D . seems16、 Laying eggs the ant queen ' s fulme job.A . isB . areC . hasD

40、 . have17、Between the two buildingsa monument.A . sta ndB . sta ndsC . sta nding D . is sta nding18、I, whoyour good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.A . am B . is C . are D . was19、The United Nationsin 1945.A . were found B . were founded C . was founded D . was found20、were also in vited to

41、the party.A . Mr Smith B . The Smith C . The Smiths D . Smiths21、The glass worksin 1959.A . were set up B . was set up C . were put up D . were built22、Three hours with your girl friendto be a short time.A . seem B . seems C . is seemingD . has seemed23、 It was reported that six including a boy.A .

42、was killed B . were killed C . was killing D . had killed24、The policea prisoner.A . is searching for B . are searching for C . is searching D . are searched for25、 Deerfaster than dogs.A . run B . runs C . are running D . will run26、 The woundedgood care of here now.A . is taken B . are being taken

43、 C . are takingD . is taking27、The whole class greatly moved at his words.A . was B . were C . had D . is28、Over 80 percent of the population of Chinapeasants.A . was B . is C . are D . will be29、There a knife and fork on the table.A . seems to be B . seem to be C . is seeming to be D . are30、Those

44、who singing may join us.A . are liki ngB . likes C . enjoy D . is fond of31、His familymusic lovers.A . all are B . are all C . is D . are beingprese nt at the meet ing.D. had been33、The pair of shoesworn out.32、A professor and a writerA . was B . is C . wereA . was B. were C . have been D . had been

45、34、 The students in our school eachan English dictionary.A . have B . has C . hadD . are havi ng35、 More than one answerto the question.A . have been given B . has been given C . were given D . had givenfrom36. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who the countryside in our

46、school.37、A . are B . is C . were D . wasOur familya happy one.is B . are C . was D . were38、Most of the mistakesbecause of careless ness.39、were made B . are made C . has been madeD . were makingin readi ng no vels.Most of his time40、are spentB . is spentC . were spent D . was spendingThe rest of t

47、he novel very in teresti ng.were B . areC . is D .seem41、I know that allgetting on well with her.42、was B . isC . are D .wereWhen and where this took place are B . were C . is D .still unknown.has43、 Not only the workers but also the machinenot there.A . are B . were C . is D . has44、 Very few his address in the town.A . knows B . know C . are knowing D . has known45、Ten thousand dollarsa large sum of money.A .areB . isC . wereD . seem46、Twenty milesa long way to cover.A .wereB . are C . isD . seemto be47、Nine plus threetwelve.A . makes B . make C . is making D . are m