主谓一致的三个原则

1、主谓一致的三个原则1. 语法一致原则Both my parents are doctors.我的父母都是医生。The livi ng-room walls are a light yellow.客厅的墙是淡黄色。Her job is teachi ng Fren ch.她的工作是教法语。The location of the house is near the highway. 房子的地点靠近公路。2. 意义一致原则This news is importa nt for us.这条消息对我们很重要。Paris is among the largest cities in the world.

2、巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。The thesis was about a hundred and fifty pages long. 论文有一百五十页长。Less people are going to university than usual. 现在上大学的人比平时少。意义一致的三个典型用法1. 形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数名词，如the police, people, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Cattle eat grass.牛吃草。The police were called in.警察被召来了。注：people作"民族”解时，其单数形式为people，复

3、数形式为peoples，作主语时，应用语法一致原则。如：The Ch in ese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。56 peoples make up the big family of China. 56 个民族构成中国这个大家庭。2. 主语是指一类人的“ the+形容词(或过去分词)”时，谓语动词通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed,

4、 the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等。另外，像 the Chinese, the British, the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称，作主语时，谓语动词也用复数。如：The injured were taken to hospital.受伤的人都送进了医院。The En glish do not drink much wi ne. 英国人不喝很多酒。A The +形容词指人做主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。如：(1) The poor were usually looked dow n upon by the rich.

5、过去，穷人常被富人瞧不起。 The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital.伤员在医院受到了很好的照护。B The +形容词指抽象概念做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：The decayed has bee n throw n away.腐烂的东西已经被扔掉了。3. 形式上为复数，而意义上却是单数的名词，如news, mathematics, physics , politics,economics及以s结尾的书名、国名等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Mathematics is the Ianguage of sciene

6、e. 数学是科学语言。His “ Selected Poems' was first published in 1965.他的诗歌选集最早是 1965 年出版的。3. 就近原则Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。1. 连词 or, notbut,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also等连接的并歹U主语， 谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一

7、致。如：Not his parents but he doesn' t want to go.是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret?他和他的同学都不知道这个密秘？2. 当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时，be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一致。如：There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果，两

8、个梨子和一 些桔子。There are two pears, some oran ges and an apple on the plate.盘子里有两个梨子， 一些桔子和一 个苹果。英语主谓一致详解1代词做主语C. 主语是： who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest, the remainder 时，谓语 动词的形式须依具体情况而定。如：(1) Who ' s the girl over there? 那边的那个女孩是谁？ Who are the boys playing games there?在那里做

9、游戏的男孩子是哪些人？ What' s this? 这是什么？(4) What are those? 哪些是什么？ Which is yours?哪一个是你的？(6) Which are children ' s?哪一些是孩子们的？不定代词作主语的主语一致归纳1. 单数型：some one, anyone, no one, every one, someth ing, nothing 等复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数；either, neither, each, little, much等不定代词作主语时，谓语也用单数。如：Noth ing is yet certai n. 切

10、都还没有肯定。Neither was satisfactory.两者都不使人满意。No one goes to the school during the vacation. 假期时没人至U学校去。2. both, few, several, many作主语：此时谓语要用复数。如：Few of them are any good. 它们没有几个有用。Ma ny have give n their lives in the cause of truth. 为了真理许多人献出了生命。3. all作主语：若指人，谓语用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数。如：All are equal before

11、 the law.法律面前，人人平等。All is well that en ds well.结局好一切都好。注：若all后修饰有其他名词或接有“of+名词”，则其谓语与其中名词的数保持一致。All (of) the mo ney is mi ne. 所有这些钱都是我的。All (of) his friends are poor. 他所有的朋友都很穷。4. none (of)作主语：若指不可数名词，谓语用单数；若指复数可数名词，谓语可用单数(较正式)或复数(非正式)。如：None of the rooms are ready.房间一个也没准备好。None of this milk can be

12、 used.这牛奶一点都不能用了。None of the telepho nes is are worki ng. 没有一部电话中是好的。注：neither, none做主语时，口语中或非正式文字中，谓语动词通常用复数，正式的书面语中用单数。如：Are/Is neither of the teams playi ng this week? 这个星期两个队中有哪一个队要进行比赛？None of them has/have been to the Great Wall.他们中没有一个人去过长城。不过，none作主语，其表语是单数，谓语用单数；表语是复数，谓语则用复数。5. the rest作主语：

13、指不可数名词时谓语用单数，指可数名词时谓语用复数。如：The rest of the money is yours. 剩余的钱归你。The rest are arriving later. 其他人稍候就至U。2.名词做主语A. 一般说来，不可数名词及可数名词的单数做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。女口：(1) Water is necessary for livi ng thi ngs. 水对于生物来说是必须的。The desk over there is Li Lei ' s.那边的那张课桌是李蕾的。The dog is a useful animal.狗是一种有用的动物。B.

14、表示总称意义的名词people (人们，人民),cattle, police，youth做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：(1) En glish people are fond of talk ing about weather. 英国人喜欢谈论天气。 Cattle are farmers ' friends.牛是农民的朋友。C. 主语是：public, board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audienee, company, crew, committee,enemy, government, herd, jury, part

15、y等名词时，如果是作为整体的，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：如：(1) Our class is made up of fifty stude nts.我们班有五十个学生组成。Our class are worki ng very hard.我们班学习都很努力。His team is very strong.他们队很强大。 His team are talk ing with the coach. 他们队在跟教练谈话。D. 主语是：时间、距离、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语，即使是复数，谓语动词也只能 用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Thr

16、ee years passes quickly.三年很快过去了。(2) Two meters is not long eno ugh. 两米不够长。E. 主语是： news, politics, physics, plastics, mathematics 等名词虽然以一 s结尾，但谓语动词 也只能用第三人称单数形式。 女口： (1) Physics is very interesting and useful.物理既很有趣也很 有用。(2) Plastics is widely used in our daily life. 塑料在日常生活中被广泛地应用。clothes, compasses

17、, goods, glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, socks, glove等名时，谓语动词用第 三人称复数形式。如：(1) The trousers are not expensive. 这条裤子不贵。(2) Your socks are over there.你的袜子在那边。F. 主语若是书名，剧名、报刊、杂志名称或国家、单位名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓 语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) The Arabia n Nights is very in terest in g.一千零一夜很有趣。The New York Times is pop

18、ular in America. 纽约时报在美国很受欢迎。G. 在算式里，主语是数词时，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Three and five is eight.三加五等于八。(2) Twelve divided by six is two. 十二除以六等于二。H. 主语是：a lot of, lots of, plenty，百分比of +名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照名词的数而 确定。如：(1) A lot of people have taken part in the activity. 很多人参加了这次活动。Lots of water is lost.大量的水被流失了

19、。I. 主语是：kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of +名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照kind, type, amount, pair, quantity 的数而确定。如：(1) This pair of trousers was made by Master Li. 这条裤子是李师傅做的。(2) A large qua ntity of water in the sea has bee n polluted.这个海里大量的水被污染了。 Large qua ntities of rice have bee n destroyed in

20、 the flood. 大量的庄稼在洪水中被毁坏了。J. 主语是：the number of +名词的复数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：The number of students in our class is seventy-eight. 我们班的学生数是七十八。主语是：a nu mber of +名词复数时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。如：A nu mber of stude nts of our school come from the coun tryside. 我们学校很多学生来自农村。注意类似结构：The variety of goods in this shop is r

21、ich. 这家商店的品种丰富。A variety of books have bee n published.已出版了各种各样的书。K. 主语是：the population时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) What is the population of your tow n? 你们镇的人口多少？ The population of America is a little over two hun dred millio n.美国人口数大约是两亿多一点。主语是：分数 + population时，谓语动词常用第三人称复数形式。如：About eighty perce nt of t

22、he populati on in our country are farmers.我们国家大约有百分之八十的人口是农民。一、总的原则1.表示意义较抽象的“人口”时，表单数意义；表示某地区的全体居民时，为集合名词，既 可表示单数意义(视为整体)也可表示复数意义(考虑其个体)。如：China' s population is by far the largest of any country.中国是全世界人口最多的国家。Most of the population has have fled. 大部分居民都逃走了。Half the world ' s population doe

23、sn ' t don ' t get enough to eat.世界有一半人 口没有足够的 食物吃。What percent of the population read reads books? 识字的人占人口总数的百分之几 注：有的人认为，当population作主语时谓语动词一般用单数，但若前面有分数或百分数修 饰时，谓语动词用复数一一这是不准确的说法，以上例句均引自权威词典，完全可以说明这一问题！二、注意之处若其后跟的是系表结构，且表语为复数，谓语动词要用复数。如：One third of the population here are farmers. 这里三分之一

24、的人口是工人。3. 两个或两个以上的名词连在一起做主语(一) and, both.a nd连接名词或代词做主语A 谓语一般用复数形式。如：(1) Li Lei and Liu Mei are both in terested in En glish.李蕾和魏方都对英语感兴趣。He and she are good friends.他跟她是好朋友。B and 连接的两个成对的名词，女口 fork and knife, bread and butter ； soda and water； coffee andwater； aim and end ; salt and water等，虽有and连接，

25、但仍表示单一的概念，谓语动词常 用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Where is your fork and kn ife? 你的刀叉在哪儿？Is the bread and butter enough for you two? 你们两人吃这一点面包和黄油够了吗？C. and连接的两个名词若是指同一个人，即：and前的名词前有冠词，而and后面的名词前 没有冠词。谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。如：I' m told that the monitor and League secretary is ill today. 我听说班长兼团支书今天病了。D. and所连接的连个名词前分别有：e

26、very, each, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称 单数形式。如：(1) Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school. 在学校，每一个男孩和女孩都玩得 挺开心。(2) Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting.在会上，很多老师和学生发了(二) 主语是：连接词 or, either or,neither nor,whether 。厂,not but ,not only but also等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词的形式须跟与之

27、最接近的名词或代词决定。如：(1) Neither he nor you are to blame.他和你都不应该受责备。Is neither he nor you to blame?他和你都不应该受责备吗？(三) 主语是：介词 in, out of, with, except, besides, without, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to 等所连接的两个名词时， 谓语动词的形式应与这些词前面的

28、名词的数保持一致。如：(1) At the meeti ng, one in four is aga inst the decisi on. 会上由四分之一的人反对这一决议。(2) The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老师和学生们在讨论问题。(四) one and a half +名词复数做主语，即名词超过一，但不满二时，谓语动词用第三人称单 数形式。如： One and a half oranges is enough for the baby.这个孩子有一个半桔子就够了。(五) many a +名词单数；more

29、than one +名词单数；a +名词单数 + or two等做句子的主 语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Ma ny a stude nt is in terested in En glish grammar. 很多学生对英语语法感兴趣。(2) A worker or two is goi ng to be sent to work abroad. 一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。(六) one or two +名词复数做句子的主语时，谓语动词第三人称复数形式。如：One or two spelli ng mistakes have bee n found in your com

30、positi on.在你的作文中发现了一两个拼写错误One or two days are eno ugh for them.=A day or two is eno ugh for them. 给他们一两天时间足够了。5.主语是句子、短语A 主语是非谓语动词短语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：(1) Readi ng is of much help for lear ning a Ian guage. 阅读对学语言很有帮助。(2) To keep on doing morning exercises is good. (= It is good to keep on doing morn

31、ing exercises.) 坚持做早操很有好处。B 主语是从句时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，如：Why he was absent yesterday is being questioned. 他昨天为什么没来正在询问之中。Where we can get so much money is still a problem.我们到哪里去弄这么多钱还是个问题。Whoever told you that was lyi ng.不管这话是谁对你说的，都是撒谎。Whether he has sig ned the con tract or not does n' t matter.他是

32、否在合同上签了字，是无关紧要的。What he chiefly wished for was a chanee to explain. 他主要希望能有一个解释的机会。但what, who引导的从句做主语时，当指具体的东西或人时，谓语动词的形式必须根据具体的意思而定。如：What I want are these thin gs. What she n eeds is (are) frien ds.在定语从句中，当关系代词who, which或that做主语时，从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。如：The teacher who teaches us English is from Engl

33、and.教我们英语的教师是英国人。Are these the books that were bought yesterday?这些就是昨天买的书吗？I, who am a new teacher, will teach you En glish. 我，一个新教师，将教你们英语。C.在强调句型"It + be +被强调的部分 + that / who”中，be总是用单数形式；that / who 后的谓语动词的形式必须跟被强调的主语保持一致。如：(1) It was Lin Tao who called you just now.刚才给你打电话的就是林涛。(2) It is you

34、that are goi ng to be invited to the party. 只有你将被邀请去参加聚会。D 定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致。如：（1）The girl who is speak ing on the stage is Zha ng Li ' sister.在台上讲话的那个女孩是张力的 姐姐。（2）The childre n that are play ing games over there are from Hunan.在那边做游戏的孩子们是湖南人。注意：在“ one of +名词复数+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第

35、三人称 复数形式，但当 one前面有the, the very, the less, the only或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句 的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，如：（1） Li Lei is one of the stude nts who are good at En glish.李蕾是英语学得好的学生之一。 Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America.艾利斯是唯一的一个来美国的女孩。连词or与主谓一致注意在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致：a. You or he is to blame.你或

36、他有一人要受责备。b. Are you or he to blame?受责备的是你还是他 ？顺便说一句，在现代英语中用neither.nor，either.or等连接主语时也可一律用复数（但考生在应试时应避免）。注：在现代英语中，有时即使以上结构中的名词为复数，其谓语也可用单数（即将其视为 整体），如：Over sixty per cen t of families own ow ns a televisi on.百分之六十以上的家庭已拥有电视机。注：若其中的名词为表示可数意义的集合名词，则其谓语根据情况可用单数（视为整体）或复数（考虑其个体），如：What percentage of the

37、 population read（s） books? 识字的人占人口的百分之几？时间、距离、金额作主语时的主谓一致表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以复数。如：Twenty years is a long time. 二十年是很长时间。Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot.步行两千米是一段很长的路程。Six mon ths have passed, and we still have no n ews of them. 六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们 的消息。比较： Ten dolla

38、rs is too much for this old coin. 这个古币没有 10块钱这么高的价格。Three dollars were paid for the old coi n. 那个古钱花了 3 块钱。Twenty years is a long time. 20 年是一段很长的时间。Twenty years have passed since they got married.他们结婚已有 20 年了。4. means作主语名词means（方法）单数与复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定（尤其注 意其前的修饰语）：These means are very good

39、.这些方法很好。Such a mea ns is really un pleasa nt.这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。若没有特定的修饰语或语境，则用单数或复数谓语均可：There is are no good means. 没有好的方法。Are Is there any other mea ns of doi ng it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗？5. “ one and a half+复数名词”与"a+单数名词+ and a half”作主语此时国内不少书认为，这两个结构作主语，谓语均用单数。如：One and a half mon ths has passed. / A mo

40、nth and a half has passed.已经过去了一个半月。但是，国外一些词书则认为，谓语动词的数取决于这两个结构中名词的数：One and a half mon ths have passed. / A month and a half has passed.已经过去了一个半月。 “ one of+名词复数”后面的定语从句，谓语动词应该用复数；而"the (only) one of +名词复数”后面的定语从句的谓语应该用单数形式。如：He is one of the stude nts that have passed the exam 他是通过了考试的学生之一。He is the (only) one of the stude nts that has passed the exam.他就是通过考试的那个学生。 "a (the, this, that) kind /sort / type of + 名词”做主语，谓语用单数形式； 但"these (those, all, many, some) kinds of +名词”做主语，谓语则用复