第6章 开立审核修改信用证

1、第6章 开立、审核及修改信用证教学重点：1. 审核信用证2. 修改信用证Focus:1. Examination of L/C 2. Amendments to L/C教学难点：审核信用证Difficulties:Examination of L/C教学内容：1. 开立信用证2. 审核信用证3. 修改信用证Contents:1. Issuance of L/C2. Examination of L/C3. Amendments to L/CLetter of Credit (L/C) is a principal payment method. It is much more complica

2、ted than Remittance and Collection. L/C is commonly used in large scale import and export business or the initial transaction between sellers and buyers to ensure performance of the contract and recovery of payments. Irrevocable documentary L/C is the most commonly used. Therefore, foreign trade sal

3、esman should particularly be familiar with and master its operation procedures.A documentary letter of credit (L/C) is a commitment from the issuing bank to pay the seller as beneficiary, a specified amount provided certain terms and conditions of the letter of credit are met. All L/Cs are irrevocab

4、le, which means that once the L/C is established it cannot be revoked or changed without the consent of all parties.In international business, When the ability of importer to pay is uncertain, In countries where there is a regulatory requirement, When a seller needs an L/C to obtain bank financing,T

5、hey will choose L/C as the payment method. L/C is beneficial to both the exporter and the importer. Advantages to Importer: Provides reasonable assurance that proper shipment is made prior to payment. May obtain lower price due to reduced credit risk for seller.Advantages to Exporter: Substitute ban

6、ks credit for buyers. Provides assured and prompt payment. Protects against cancellation of underlying sales contract. The L/C also distributes risk between the importer and the exporter. The exporter is assured of payment when the conditions of the L/C are met and the importer is assured that the c

7、onditions specified are documented and shipment of the goods has been made. However, the L/C also has drawbacks. If discrepancies exist in the documents required by the L/C that cannot be corrected by the exporter, the importer has the option to approve the discrepancies and pay for the shipment, us

8、ually at a discount, or to reject the shipment. If the shipment is rejected, the exporter retains title to the goods. A rejected shipment means that the exporter must quickly locate a new importer, renegotiate with the importer, usually at a lower price, or pay for the shipment to be returned. Besid

9、es, costs of a L/C add to the price of the product can tie up the importers working capital or credit line. 1. Issuance of L/C1.1 Understand the main parties involved in L/C businessThere are four parties formally involved in the collection of payment using a L/C: Buyer or applicant Applicants bank

10、or issuing bank Beneficiarys bank (which can act as an advising bank or confirming bank) Seller or beneficiary1.2 Grasp the procedures of issuance of an L/CIssuance of a Letter of Credit Documentary Credit Applying for Issuing L/C Contract Advising L/CBeneficiaryApplicantAdvising BankOpening Bank1.3

11、 申请开立信用证现在，作为进口商，按照合同要求向当地银行申请开立信用证，并填写开证申请书（Application for Irrevocable Documentary Credit）。开证申请书通常为一式两联，由银行专门印发。开证申请书有正面和背面两部分内容，正面主要内容需要开证申请人填写，背面内容一般由开证行根据相关的国际惯例和习惯做法事先确定并印刷，申请人只需签字盖章即可。目前广泛使用的SWIFT方式开立信用证，SWIFT电文表示方式如下所示：（一）项目表示方式SWIFT由项目(FIELD)组成，项目由两位数字的代号（Tag）组成或由两位数字代号加上字母组成，如“44C LATEST D

12、ATE OF SHIPMENT （最后装船期）”。SWIFT的项目分为必选项目（MANDATORY FIELD)和可选项目（OPTIONAL FIELD)两种类型。（二）日期表示方式SWIFT电文的日期表示为：YYMMDD（年月日）如：2013年10月9日，表示为：131009。（三）数字表示方式在SWIFT电文中，数字不使用分格号，小数点用逗号“,”来表示，如：8,123,286.36 表示为：8123286,36。（四）SWIFT电文常用项目    代号 英文 中文含义 20 DOC. CREDIT NUMBER 信用证号码（MT700） 27 SEQUENCE OF

13、TOTAL 电文页次 31C DATE OF ISSUE 开证日期 31D DATE AND PLACE OF EXPIRY 信用证有效期 32B CURRENCY CODE,AMOUNT 信用证结算的货币和金额 39A Pos./Neg. Tol.(%) 金额上下浮动允许的最大范围 40A FORM OF DOCUMENTARY CREDIT 跟单信用证形式 41A AVAILABLE WITH/BY 指定的有关银行及信用证的兑付方式 42A DRAWEE 汇票付款人 42C DRAFTS AT 汇票付款日期 43P PARTIAL SHIPMENTS 分批装运条款 43T TRANSSHI

14、PMENT 转运条款 44A LOADING IN CHARGE 装船、发运和接收监管的地点 44B FOR TRANSPORTATION TO 货物发运的最终地 44C LATEST DATE OF SHIPMENT 最后装船期 44D SHIPMENT PERIOD 船期 45A DESCRIPJTION OF GOODS 货物描述 46A DOCUMENS REQUIRED 单据要求 47A ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS 特别条款 48 PRESENTATION PERIOD 交单期限 49 CONFIRMATION INSTRUCTIONS 保兑指示 50 APPLICA

15、NT 信用证开证申请人 53A REIMBURSEMENT BANK 偿付行 57A ADVISE THROUGH BANK 通知行 59A BENEFICIARY 信用证受益人 71B DETAILS OF CHARGES 费用情况 72 SENDER TO RECEIVER INFORMATIN 附言 78 INSTRUCTION 给付款行、承兑行、议付行的指示 1.4 填写开证申请书买卖双方签订合同后，进口方首先应向银行申请开立信用证，填写开证申请书（IRREVOCABLE DOCUMENTARY CREDIT APPLICATION），它是开证申请人与开证行之间的书面契约，也是开证申请

16、人对开证行的委托。因此，对进口方来说，掌握填写和缮制开证申请书就显得尤为重要，以中国银行的一份开证行申请书为例，介绍其主要内容，开证申请书的内容包括两个部分：第一部分（英文），是要求开立信用证的依据，即开证人按合同要求开证行在信用证上列明的条款，也是开证行凭以向受益人或议付行付款的依据；第二部分（中文）是开证人对开证行的声明，用以明确双方责任，并由开证申请人签字。具体内容分析如下：1.信用证的性质，由于IRREVOCABLE DOCUMENTARY CREDIT APPLICATION是由银行统一印制的，故一般开出的信用证都是“IRREVOCABLE”。2. 开证银行，位于证书左上角，由于是以

17、中国银行提供的开证申请书为例，故开证行一栏已经印刷好“BANK OF CHINA”字样。3. 申请开证日期（Date），位于证书右上角，填写实际申请日期。4. 受益人（Beneficiary），按照合同中的内容填写卖方全称，并注明地址和电话、传真等以便于联系。5. 信用证号码（L/C No.）以及其他一些参考号码，例如Contract No.。6. 信用证的有效期（Date and place of expiry of the credit），根据合同的规定，以及习惯做法和国际惯例来确定信用证有效期及其地点。7.关于分批装运，根据贸易合同的规定，选择可否分批装运，根据习惯，在备选方框内打“&#

18、215;”表示是选择项，例如：Partial shipments allowed，表示可以分批装运。8.关于转运，根据贸易合同的规定，选择可否转运，根据习惯，在备选方框内打“×”表示是选择项。9.开证方式，开证方式分为电开与信开（航空邮寄）两种方式，根据要求选样，在方框内打“×”。10. 装运要求，根据合同装运条款的规定，填写最迟装运日期，以及目的地（港）。11. 信用证金额（Amount），分别用小写和英文大写注明信用证金额和币制，通常和合同的交易额一致。12.货名（Description of goods）及包装（Packing），与合同的标的相一致，填写品名条款及包装

19、条款。13. 信用证的付款期限及汇票期限，根据合同规定，在相应的方框内用“×”来选择付款期限，并填入信用证项下支付发票金额的百分比，通常填写100%。14.价格条件，亦称为贸易术语，根据合同价格条款，选择FOB、CFR或CIF贸易术语。15. 出口方应提交的单据（Documents required），这一栏列举了许多单据以及相关的内容，用“×”在相应的括号内作出选择。例如：商业发票要求填写需要的份数，合同的编号等；提单要求注明是“运费预付”还是“运费到付”、提单的份数等；保险单要求注明一式几份，按发票金额的百分比多少投保，依据何种保险条款投保何种险种等。16.特殊指示（A

20、dditional instructions），主要包括银行费用、单据提交的规定、对托运人的规定、溢短装条款等，所有这些，根据双方的约定和国际惯例，用“×”在相应的括号内作出选择。17. 尾部，开证申请书下端由执行人签字盖章，注明银行账号以及电话号码。行双方的责任。Specimen 1APPLICATION FOR IRREVOCABLE DOCUMENTARY CREDIT开立不可撤销跟单信用证申请书Date 日期 _To: * BANK致：*银行Please issue by SWIFT an Irrevocable Letter of Credit as follows: 请通

21、过SWIFT方式开立如下不可撤销跟单信用证：We hereby request you to open an irrevocable documentary credit on the following terms and conditions:我方特申请贵方按照以下条款和条件开立不可撤销跟单信用证：Advising Bank ( if blank, at your option) 通知行Credit No.信用证号码Expiry Date and Place 到期日和到期地点（出口方所在地）Credit is available against documents detailed her

22、ein ACCOMPANIED BY BENEFICIARYS DRAFT AT_SIGHT for 100% INVOICE VALUE(IF L/C is issued at sight, it will be made available by negotiation or payment at your discretion)信用证将按详细文件及受益人草案在_日内以100的发票金额开出。（即期信用证由贵方自行议付或支付）Applicant （full name & detailed address）申请人（全称和详细地址）Beneficiary ( with full name

23、 and address ) 受益人（全称和详细地址）Credit to be sent byAirmail Airmail with brief teletransmissionFull teletransmission Courier(+)信用证发送方式航空邮件 简短远程传送航空邮件 完全远程传送 快递Amount ( in figures & words) 金额（大、小写）Credit available with 此证可由any bank 任何银行 issuing bank开证行By sight payment即期付款 acceptance 承兑 negotiation议付 d

24、eferred payment迟期付款Partial shipments 分批装运Transhipment 转运 allowed 允许 allowed 允许 not allowed 不允许 not allowed 不允许Draft at_ for _ % of invoice value汇票付款期限_，发票金额的_ %Drawn on 付款人 _Shipment from装运从For transportation to运至Latest shipment date最迟装运日Documents required: (marked with “”, in triplicate unless othe

25、rwise stated) 所需单据：（用“”标明，如无另行说明，一式三份） Signed Commercial Invoice in _ copies indicating L/C No. and Contract No. _.经签字的商业发票一式_份，标明信用证号和合同号_。 Full set of clean on board Ocean Bill of Lading made out to order and blank endorsed, _ , marked “freight prepaid / to collect ” showing freight amount and not

26、ifying _.全套清洁已装船海运提单做成空白抬头、空白背书，_，注明“运费已付/到付”， 标明运费金额，并通知_。 Air Waybills consigned to applicant marked “freight prepaid / to collect” notifying _.空运单据收货人为开证申请人，注明“运费已付/待付”，并通知_。 Full set of Insurance Policy / Certificate for _ % of the invoice value, blank endorsed, showing claims payable in China i

27、n the currency of the draft, covering ocean marine transportation air transportation overland transportation All risks and War risks and _ _.全套保险单/保险凭证，按发票金额的 _ %投保，空白背书，注明赔付地在中国，以汇票币种支付，覆盖海运 空运 陆运，承保一切险，战争险和_。 Packing List / Weight Memo in _ copies indicating quantity, gross and net weight of each

28、package.装运单 / 重量证明一式_份，注明每一包装的数量、毛重和净重。 Certificate of Quantity / Weight in _ copies issued by _.数量 / 重量证明一式_份，由_出具。 Certificate of Quality in _ copies issued by_.品质证一式 _ 份，由_出具。 Certificate of Origin in _ copies issued by _.产地证一式_份，由 _ 出具。 Beneficiarys Certified copy of fax / telex dispatched to th

29、e applicant within _ day(s) after shipment advising L/C No., name of vessel, flight No. shipping date, name of goods, quantity, weight and value of goods.受益人传真/电传方式通知申请人装船证明副本。该证明须在装船后_天内发出，并注明该信用证号、船名、航班号、装运日以及货物的名称、货物的数量、重量和货物价值。 Other documents, if any 其他单据Description of goods or services 货物或服务描述

30、Additional instructions: 附加条款 All banking charges outside the Issuing Bank are for account of Beneficiary.开证行以外的所有银行费用由受益人承担。 Documents must be presented within _ days after date of issuance of the transport document but within the validity of the credit.所需单据须在运输单据签发日后_天内提交，但不得超过信用证有效期。 Third party

31、as shipper is not acceptable. 第三方为托运人不可接受。 Both quantity and Credit amount _ % more or less are allowed. 数量及信用证金额允许有_%的增减。 Other terms and conditions, if any 其他条款申请人盖章This Credit is subject to ICC No.600 Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (2007 Revision)此信用证遵循国际商会第600号出版物跟单信用证统一惯例（

32、2007年修订版）Specimen 2IRREVOCABLE DOCUMENTARY CREDIT APPLICATIONTO: CITIBANK, NEW YORK DATE: Oct. 16th, 2010Beneficiary(fullname and address)DALIAN NEW CENTURY CO., LTD.1136, ZHICHUN ROAD, DALIAN, CHINA.L/C NO. Contract No.Date and place of expiry of creditDec. 31. 2010, in DalianPartial shipments allo

33、wed not allowedTransshipment allowed not allowed Issue by airmail With brief advice by teletransmission Issue by express delivery Issue by teletransmissionAmount (both in figures and words)USD 13 125.00 (SAY US DOLLARS THIRTEEN THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED TWENTY FIVE ONLY)Loading on board/dispatch/taking i

34、n charge at/from DALIAN not later than DEC. 15th, 2010for transportation to NEW YORKDescription of goods:LADIES 100% COTTON KNITTED BLOUSEUSD 5.25 PER PIECECIF NEW YORKPacking: IN 100 CARTONS Credit available with any bank issuing bank By sight payment acceptance negotiation deferred payment Draft a

35、t_sight_ for _100_ % of invoice valueDrawn on SUN & MOON TRADING CO., LTD Documents required: (marked with “”) Signed Commercial Invoice in _4_ copies indicating L/C No. and Contract No. _SN201296_. Full set of clean on board Ocean Bill of Lading made out to order and blank endorsed, _ , marked

36、“freight prepaid / to collect ” showing freight amount and notifying SUN & MOON TRADING CO., LTD. 1533 BROADWAY, ROOM 198, NY 10018 U.S.A. Air Waybills consigned to applicant marked “freight prepaid / to collect” notifying _. Full set of Insurance Policy / Certificate for _110_ % of the invoice

37、value, blank endorsed, showing claims payable in China in the currency of the draft, covering ocean marine transportation air transportation overland transportation All risks and War risks. Packing List / Weight Memo in _3_ copies indicating quantity, gross and net weight of each package. Certificat

38、e of Quantity / Weight in _ copies issued by _. Certificate of Quality in _ copies issued by_. Certificate of Origin in _1_ copy (ies) issued by _CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade). Beneficiarys Certified copy of fax / telex dispatched to the applicant within _1_ day(s) a

39、fter shipment advising L/C No., name of vessel, flight No. shipping date, name of goods, quantity, weight and value of goods. Other documents, if anyAdditional instructions: All banking charges outside the Issuing Bank are for account of Beneficiary. Documents must be presented within _15_ days afte

40、r date of issuance of the transport document but within the validity of the credit. Third party as shipper is not acceptable. Both quantity and Credit amount _ % more or less are allowed. All documents to be forwarded in one cover, unless otherwise sated above. Other terms and conditions, if any You

41、 correspondents to advise beneficiary adding their confirmation without adding their confirmation Payments to be debited to our U.S. Dollars account No. 22-336652133Signature: SUN & MOON TRADING CO., LTD 实训任务1根据以下资料，请你代大连进出口有限公司向中国银行大连分行申请开立信用证，缮制一份开证申请书。2011年3月1日大连进出口有限公司（地址：大连市人民路53号，电话：+86-41

42、1-85207788）与日本出口商YASAKA ELECTRONIC CO., LTD. （地址：491-23 Nakatsukasa-cho Nishiiru Tsuchiya-cho Marutamachidori, kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan，电话：+81-75-8021389）达成一项合同（合同号：CN110366），从日本进口100台电饭锅（SANYO Rice Cooker cube style ECJ-LS30-SR），价格为每台180美元FOB大阪，共18 000美元，每台装一纸箱。合同规定：应于2011年5月10日前装运，不准分批装运和转运，装运港为大阪，

43、目的港为大连，要求出口方提供：商业发票一式三份，装箱单一式三份，全套已装船清洁提单，空白背书，数量检验证书一份，品质检验证书一份，受益人证明一份。要求进口方申请开立不可撤销即期跟单信用证，电开本。进口方银行账户号码为：8244 0200 5112833。IRREVOCABLE DOCUMENTARY CREDIT APPLICATIONTO: Bank of China Dalian branch DATE:Mar.1st ,2011 Beneficiary(fullname and address) YASAKA ELECTRONIC CO., LTD.491-23 Nakatsukasa-

44、cho Nishiiru Tsuchiya-cho Marutamachidori, kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan，TEL:+81-75-8021389L/C NO.Contract No.CN110366  Date and place of expiry of creditKyoto, Japan MAY.25th ,2011,Partial shipmentsallowed  not allowedTransshipmentallowed  not allowedIssue by airmailWith brief advice by te

45、letransmissionIssue by express delivery Issue by teletransmission(which shall be the operative instrument)Loading on board/dispatch/taking in charge at/from OSAKA Not later than MAY 10th ,2011for transportation to   DALIAN Amount(both in figures and words)USD18 000(SAY US DOLLARS EIGHTEEN

46、THOUSAND ONLY)Description of goods:SANYO Rice Cooker cube style ECJ-LS30-SRUSD 180 PER PIECEFOB OSAKAPacking: EACH SET IN A CARTON  Credit available with by sight payment   by acceptance by negotiationby deferred payment at against the documents detailed hereinand beneficiarys dr

47、aft for 100 % of the invoice value FOB             CFR          CIFor other termsDocuments required:(marked with ×)1. (T)Signed commercial invoice in3 copies indicating L/C No. and cont

48、ract No. CN110366 .2.(T) Full set of clean on board ocean bills of lading made out to order and blank endorsed, marked “ freight Tto collect/ prepaid” showing freight amount and notifying DALIAN IMPORT AND EXPORT,CO,LTD   .3.(  ) Air way bills showing “freight   to collect/ 

49、 prepaid  indicating freight amount” and consigned to 4. (  ) Memorandum issued by                             consigned to .5.(  ) Insurance pol

50、icy/certificate in   copies for   of the invoice value showing claims payable in destination in currency of the draft. Blank endorsed, covering(  ocean marine transportation) all risks, war risks6.(T) Packing List/Weight Memo in 3  copies indicating quantity/gross

51、and net weight of each package and packing condition as called for by the L/C7.(T) Certificate of Quantity /Weight in 1   copies issued by an independent surveyor at the loading port, indicating the actual surveyed quantity /weight of shipped goods as well as the packing condition.8.(

52、T) Certificate of Quality in 1  copies issued by   manufacture /  T public recognized surveyor. 9.( ) Beneficiarys certified copy of cable/telex dispatched to the accountees within 24 hours after shipment advising name of vessel/   No. /   wagon No., date, quantity

53、, weight and value of shipment.10.( T ) Beneficiarys certificate certifying that extra copies of the documents have been dispatched according to the contract terms.11.(  ) Shipping Cos Certificate attesting that the carrying vessel is charted or booked by accountee or their shipping agents

54、:12.(  ) Other documents, if any:Additional instructions:1. (T) All banking charges outside the opening bank are for beneficiarys account.2.(T) Documents must be presented within 15 days after the date of issuance of the transport documents but within the validity this credit.3. (  ) Third

55、 party as shipper is not acceptable. Short form/Blank Back B/L is not acceptable.4. (  ) Both quantity and amount    % more or less are allowed.5.(  ) Prepaid freight drawn in excess of L/C amount is acceptable against presentation of original charges voucher issued by shipping Co. /Air Line/or its agent.6. ( T) All documents to be forwarded in one cover