什么可以做主语、谓语、宾语

1、1、 什么是主语？主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物什么可以做主语？名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词、短语、从句。名词作主语David arrived last night. 大卫昨晚到达The temperature will stay above zero. 温度将会保持0度以上。There are many different kinds of mooncakes. 有许多种月饼。There will be a strong wind. 将有一阵强风。代词作主语 Who is speaking, please? （在电话中）请问您是谁？ He o

2、ften reads English.他经常读英语。(简单句)Tom and Mike are American boys.（两个主语的简单句）She likes drawing and often draws pictures for me.（两个谓语的简单句）You help him and he helps you.（并列句） I like tea while she likes coffee. (.转折并列句)She looks young, but she is already in her 30s.（转折并列句）Hurry up, or youll be late.（选择并列句）I

3、 am thirsty , for it is hot. 我口渴，因为天气太热。（因果关系并列句）The manager was ill so I went in her place.经理病了，所以我去代她。（因果关系并列句）That is OK. 这没问题。 It is a young forest. 它是一片年轻的森林。I do not know if it will grow. 我不知道它是否会生长。 That is a bit expensive. 那是有一点贵。You had better buy a new pair. 你最好买一双新的。 W

4、hats this ? Its a bus. (指代what) Whos knocking the door? Its me. (指代 who) Whos the baby in the picture? Its my sister. (指代 who) Whats the time? Its eight oclock. (时间) Whats it going to be tomorrow? Its going to be rainy.(天气) How far is it? Its about one kilometre away. (距离)&#

5、160;数词作主语 Two will be enough. 两个就够了。 One and two is three. 一加二等于三。One is not enough for me. I want one more. 一个不够对于我，我想再要一个。 Two-thirds of the workers are women. 三分之二的工人是女工。动名词作主语 Skating is good exercise. 溜冰是很好的运动。 Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time. 从字典

6、里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。 不定式作主语 To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work. 把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。To give is better than to receive =It is better to give. 给予比获取好。To get to sleep is difficult.=It is difficult to get to sleep. 入睡困难。To see you again is glad.=It is glad to see you again. 很高兴再

7、次见到你。To see was difficult.=It was difficult to see. 难于看见。To swim in summer is good.=It is good to swim in summer. 夏天游泳很好。名词化的形容词作主语 The unemployed usually lead a hard life. 失业的人生活一般很困难。 The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country. 在我们国家，盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾。 短语作主语 How to do well is a

8、n important question. 如何把这件事做好是一个重要问题。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 早睡早起身体好。 主语从句作主语 ，相当于一个名词。What has happened proves that our policy is right. 发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。 Whether we'll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去要看天气。 二、什么是谓语？谓语部分,是针对主语而言的。通常用来描述主语的动作、状态或特征。简单谓语由一个动词（及物动词或者不及物

9、动词）或短语动词构成的谓语,就是简单谓语。不管这些谓语动词是什么时态,语态,语气,都是简单谓语。助动词有am, is , are, was, were, be, been, being, did ,do ,does, have, has , had, will, would, shall, should.短语动词（不及物动词+介词） go to 去 come to 来 look like 看起来像 look after照顾We come （不及物动词）我们来了 (一般现在时态主动语态) My pet disappeared。（不及物动词）我的宠物失踪了。(一般过去时主动语态)The sun r

10、ises.（不及物动词） 太阳升起来了。(一般现在时态主动语态) The door opened.（不及物动词） 门开了。(一般过去时主动语态)The plane took off（不及物动词） at seven o'clock. 飞机已在7点起飞.(一般过去时主动语态)Jack was seen to swim across the river. 有人看到杰克游过河了.（一般过去时态被动时态)We study（及物动词） English. 我们学习英语。 (一般现在时态主动语态) I like（及物动词） flowers.我喜欢花。(一般现在时态主动语态) She

11、 has（及物动词） a book. 她有一本书。(一般现在时态主动语态) She hates（及物动词） you. 她讨厌你。(一般现在时态主动语态) My sister cooked（及物动词） dinner. 我妹妹煮饭。(一般过去时主动语态)We plant（及物动词） trees in spring every year. 我们每年春天都种许多树.There sat （不及物动词）a scientist among the students. 学生中间坐着一个科学家。There lies （不及物动词）a big river between the two towns. 这两个村庄之

12、间有一条河。We are coming.（一般现在进行时）我们正在来，我们将要来。She is leaving.（一般现在进行时)她正要离开。You are learning English.（一般现在进行时）你正在学习英语。It is done by me. （一般现在被动时态) 我做的它。You are to explain this.(命令的语态）.你必须解释这事。He is to go to New York next week.(一般将来时态） 他下周要去纽约。I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)What  do

13、es  this  word  mean? 这个单词是什么意思？ You had better  catch  a  bus. 你最好乘坐公交车。I do not like bananas.我不喜欢香蕉。 I do like bananas.我真的确实喜欢香蕉。I go to his home.我去他的家。 He looks like thin.他看起来是瘦的。He looks after me .他照顾我。 He comes to our school.他来我们的学校。The train is going up the hill.火

14、车正在上山。 The train is going down the hill.火车正在下山。2、复合谓语： 情态动词+不带to的动词不定式。情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to , shall, should, will, would, dare, need, ought to, used to，had better,would rather,I wont do it  again.。我不会再做它 I will go and move away the bag。我会移走这个袋子的。This cant be done by him.他不

15、可能做这事。 It must have rained last night.昨晚一定下雨了。He may not have finished the work.他可能没有完成工作。 He dared not do that 他不敢做那事。I would rather have taken his advice.我宁愿已经听取了他的意见。复合谓语：连系动词+表语。连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系，不宜分割。系动词有 am, is , are, was, were.名词作表语 This is a book. 这是一本书。 She is a doctor. 她是一个医生。数词作表语 You are s

16、even. 你是七岁。 Two and three is five.二加三是五。形容词作表语 She is beautiful.她是漂亮的 He is clever.他是聪明的 I feel good 我感觉好I am feeling good.我现在感觉好 You  look  the same. 你(们)看起来一样.The weather has turned  cold. 天气已经变冷了. 副词作表语 You are there.你是在那儿。 She is out. 她是在外面。He is away.他离开了。 He have been away. 他已经离

17、开了。 He must have been away. 他一定已经离开了。介词、 介词短语作表语 You are on duty. 你在值日 Everything is in good order.每件事都安排就绪了。She is in good health.她身体健康。 My  pen  is in my bag. 我的钢笔在我的书包里。The train is near the house. 火车在房子附近。 The train is at the station. 火车在车站。The train is up the hill火车在上山。 The train is d

18、own the hill火车在下山。There is a dog in the park. 公园里有一只狗。There are four birds in the sky. 天空中有四只鸟。 动词的现在分词形式作表语 It is surprising. 它是令人惊讶的。 动词的过去分词作表语I am surprised. 我感到惊讶的。 I felt  tired  all the time. 我整天感到疲惫.You are well prepared. 你是很好的准备了的。动名词作表语Your task is cleaning. 你的任务是做清洁What I like m

19、ost is swimming. 我最喜欢的是游泳。My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。动词不定式作表语 His job is to feed the animals. 他的工作是喂动物。Our aim is to hold the Games. 我们的目标是举办运动会。All I could do is to wait. 所有我能做的是等待。表语从句作表语，相当于一个名词。The question is whether he will come or not. 问题是他来不来。The problem is how many people will com

20、e. 问题是有多少人会来。His suggestion is that we should stay clam. 他的建议是我们应该保持冷静。That is what he is worried about. 那是他担心的事。That is where he was born. 那是他出生的地方。3、 什么是宾语？宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。名词作宾语 I like apples. 我喜欢苹果。 She is watching TV. 她正在看电视。代词作宾语 We like him.我们喜欢他

21、 She find it.她找到了它。数词作宾语 Give me four. 给我四个。动词不定式作宾语 We all like to go to school. 我们都喜欢去上学。 I dont want to be fat .我不想成为胖的。动名词做宾语。 We all like swimming.我们都喜欢游泳。宾语从句作宾语，相当于一个名词。I think he is right.我认为他是正确的。Mary thinks that the teams are fantastic.玛丽认为那个组很棒。He asked me where my school was.他问我学校在哪里 I d

22、idnt know who she was.我不知道她是谁。四、什么是定语？定语是附加在主语或者宾语的前面，用来修饰或限制主语、宾语的词或词组。名词作定语 I like cotton goods. 我喜欢棉织品 I like my history teacher. 我喜欢我的历史老师。 She has the telephone number.她有电话号码。代词作定语 His book is on the desk. 他的书是在他的书桌上。 Her pen is in the bag. 她的笔是在包里 she eats my apple.她吃苹果。 数词作定语 She has seven ap

23、ples. 她有七个苹果 I have two ducks.我有两只鸭子 He eats three eggs.他吃三个苹果。形容词作定语 I have a golden watch. 她有一个金色的手表 She has a big room 她有一个大的房间。 he likes beautiful city.他喜欢漂亮的城市。介词短语作定语 Think of the people in need of help. 想一想需要帮助的人们。 动词不定式作定语 He wants water to drink.他想要水喝 She has a child to take care of .她有一个孩子

24、要照顾。He has on friend to depend on .他没有朋友依靠。动的ing 形式做定语 I have a swimming pool. 我有一个游泳池。 He is cleaning the reading room.他正在打扫阅览室Give me some writing paper.给我一些书写纸。过去分词作定语 We are drinking polluted water.我们正在喝被污染的水。We need qualified workers.我需要合格的员工。定语从句作定语，相当于一个形容词。 I have an apple that is red.我有一个红苹

25、果。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个父亲是医生的朋友。I like the book whose color is yellow. 我喜欢黄色的书。The boys who are playing football are from class one .正在打篮球的男孩们来自一班。Mr liu is the person whom you talked with on the bus.刘先生就是那个你和他在公交车上说话的人。This is the pen which he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的笔。五、宾语

26、+宾语补足语=复合宾语 什么是宾语补足语？名词作宾补 She found him a very clever boy.她发现他是一个非常聪明的男孩。I called her Jenny.我叫她珍妮。 We elected Yangling our monitor.我们选杨林做我们的班长。形容词作宾补 I found the movie interesting。我发现这个电影有趣。She has her hands blank。她使她的手变黑。副词作宾补 I followed him in .我跟随他进去了。 I saw you out .我看见你出去了。介词短语作宾补 I found ever

27、ything in good condition.我发现每件事都有条不紊。She found herself in a different world.她发现自己在一个不同的世界。They acknowledged him as their chief。 他们选他做他们的班长。动词的ing 形式做宾补 He saw a girl getting on the tractor. 他看见一个男孩上了拖拉机。I hear someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。She feels the cold wind blowing on her face. 她感觉冷风吹

28、他的脸。动词的过去分词作宾补 I must get my bike repaired. 我必须使我的自行车被修理。I found the girl beaten black and blue. 我发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块的。动词不定式做宾补 The teacher told us to do Excercise 1。这个老师让我做练习1 I want both of you to go.。我想你们两个都去。I like you to keep everything tidy。我喜欢你保持每样东西都整洁。6、 什么叫状语？表示句子的八个状态：时间、地点、原因、状态、目的、结果、方式、程度。

29、名词作状语 Wait a moment.等一会儿。 It can go all day and all night.它能每日每夜运转。副词作状语 She studies hard.她学习努力。 I am very tired.我很累。 I go home. 我回家。Suddenly it began to rain. 突然，天开始下雨了。 How beautiful it is! 它是多么漂亮!How cold the weather is !天气是多么冷!动词不定式作状语 He went to see a film. 他想去看电影。My father was surprised to hear the news. 听到这个消息，我的父亲被惊讶到了。介词短语作状语 Please come here in the evening. 请晚上到这里来。 He wrote with a red pencil. 他用红笔写字。现在分词作状语 He sat there re