英语简单句5种基本类型-公开课

1、2021/8/1412021/8/1422021/8/143简单句简单句 (simple sentence) 并列句并列句 (compound sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)What kinds of English sentences do you know?2021/8/144简单句简单句: 只有只有主语主语(或并列主语或并列主语) 和和谓语谓语(或并列谓语或并列谓语): .Tom likes rock music. .Tom and John are fond of rock music. .Tom sat down at his desk and

2、began to do his homework.2021/8/145特点：句子谓语动词都特点：句子谓语动词都不能不能表达一个完整的表达一个完整的意思，必须意思，必须加上加上一个表明主语身份或状态的一个表明主语身份或状态的表语表语构成构成复合谓语复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做这类动词叫做( (连连) )系系动词。动词。 1.含含“是是”意义的有：意义的有：2.表感知状态的表感知状态的 有有3.表示状态表示状态变化变化的有：的有：4.表状态延续的有：表状态延续的有：常见的系动词有哪些？常见的系动词有哪些？feel, smell, taste, sound, lo

3、ok;become, get, grow, turn, go, run, fall;remain, keep, stay;be, seem, prove1. _主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 (S+V+P)2021/8/146系动词的用法系动词的用法: (注意三点注意三点) +_作表语作表语; 无无 _; 无无 _; e.g. The dish _. (尝起来好吃尝起来好吃) The story _. (听起来有趣听起来有趣).adj. 宾语宾语被动语态被动语态tastes delicioussounds interesting2021/8/147主系表主系表S+V+P1. You are

4、very happy.2. Everything looks nice. 3. The weather became colder and colder.2021/8/148beautiful Correct mistakes: Her voice sounds beautifully.2. Jim was remained a worker.2021/8/1492. _ Our chalk has run out. On hearing the news, he cheered.经常考查的不及物动词（或短语）经常考查的不及物动词（或短语）: “发生发生” _; _; _ ; _ “用完用完,

5、用光用光”_; _. 不及物动词的用法不及物动词的用法: 无无 _, 无无_ 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 (S + V)happen occurtake placebreak outrun out give out 宾语宾语被动语态被动语态2021/8/1410(1)The teacher was speaking.2每天八点开始上课。每天八点开始上课。(begin)every day. Classes begin at eight2021/8/1411111明天她会过来。明天她会过来。(come)She will come tomorrow.five years ago.2五年前我住在武汉。五年

6、前我住在武汉。 (live)I livedin Wuhan1、Translation Do you know what was happened yesterday? 2、Correct the mistake2021/8/1412 基本句型基本句型 三三 特点：谓语动词都是特点：谓语动词都是实义动词实义动词，但不能表，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语达完整的意思，必须跟宾语(即该动作的承受即该动作的承受者者)才能使意思完整。此时，这类动词叫做才能使意思完整。此时，这类动词叫做及及物动词或者短语物动词或者短语。常见的及物动词有：常见的及物动词有：like, enjoy, desire, exp

7、ect, look for, take care of等等。等等。 e.g. We like the movie. S Vo2021/8/14132021-12-14131昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。 2这本书我已经读过多次了。这本书我已经读过多次了。I wrote a letter last night. I have read this book many times.Translation2021/8/1414 基本句型基本句型 四四 + +IO +D 特点：谓语动词必须跟有特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个两个宾语才能表达完宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的整的意思。这两

8、个宾语一个是动作的直接承受直接承受者者，另一个是动作的，另一个是动作的间接承受者间接承受者。 通常可改为：通常可改为：e.g. She gave Tom an apple. I bought him a pen yesterday. 主主 +谓谓+直宾直宾+介词介词+间宾间宾=She gave an apple to Tom.=She bought a pen for him2021/8/1415 基本句型基本句型 四四（及物）（及物）I（多指人）（多指人）D（多指物）（多指物）1. I 2. Heshowedboughthimme my pictures. a beautiful skirt

9、.若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与若要先说出直接宾语，后说间接宾语，则要借助与介词介词to 或或for。He bought me a beautiful skirt.He bought a beautiful skirt for me.2021/8/1416用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。朝着，向着，对着某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助（需借助 to的）的）bring, give, lend, offer, pass, pa

10、y, teach, tell, write, ask等等（需借助（需借助for的）的）buy, call, cook, choose, find, get, 等。等。2021/8/1417Lets have a try!Lets have a try!2021/8/1418181. 今年刘老师教我们数学。今年刘老师教我们数学。 (teach)2昨晚她给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。昨晚她给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。(tell) 3. 你能把那本字典递给我吗？你能把那本字典递给我吗？ (pass)Mr. Liu teaches us maths this year.She told us an inte

11、resting story last night.Could you pass me the dictionary?2021/8/1419 基本句型基本句型 五五特点：动词虽然是特点：动词虽然是及物动词及物动词，但是只跟一个宾，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 判断原则：判断原则：此类结构能表达成此类结构能表达成（宾语）（宾语）是是/要做要做e.g. We made him the manager. 主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补I heard him singing.2021/

12、8/1420 I saw him writing a letter.I saw him writing a letter.2. I find maths difficult.2. I find maths difficult.3. We call her Lily.3. We call her Lily.4. Father asked me to turn off the TV.4. Father asked me to turn off the TV.2021/8/14212021/8/1422分析下列句子的结构及其成分。分析下列句子的结构及其成分。 1.Plants need water.

13、 S+V+O ( 主主 + 谓谓+ 宾宾 ) 2.The flower is so fresh.S +V +P (主主 + 系系 + 表表) 3.They work hard. S +V (主主 + 谓谓 ) 4.He gives me some seeds. S +V +IO + DO (主主 + 谓谓 + 间宾间宾 + 直宾直宾) 5.We should keep the classroom clean.S+V +O +OC (主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补)2021/8/1423更正下列句子的错误更正下列句子的错误Exercises :Exercises :1. He came

14、the room. 2. The music sounds. 3. I have seen. 4. He gave a pen me. 5. My father bought a book to me. 1. He came into the room. 2. The music sounds wonderful. 3. I have seen the film.4. He gave a pen to me. 5. My father bought a book for me . 2021/8/1424Exercises :Exercises : 翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：翻译下列句子并分析

15、句子结构：1. 1.我经常在早晨读英语。我经常在早晨读英语。 2. 2.玛丽是个聪明的学生。玛丽是个聪明的学生。3.3.我的老师交给我一封信。我的老师交给我一封信。4. 4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5. 5.我们叫我们的老师王先生我们叫我们的老师王先生 6. 6.他正在房里做家庭作业。他正在房里做家庭作业。1. I often read English in the morning. 2. Mary is a clever student. 3. My teacher gave me a letter. 4. My mother often asks me to stu

16、dy hard. 5. We call our teacher Mr. Wang. 6. He is doing his homework in the room. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾主主 + + 系系 + + 表表 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 双宾双宾 主主+ + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 + +宾补宾补主主+ + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 + + 宾补宾补主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾2021/8/1425请用所学知识完成下面双向翻译请用所学知识完成下面双向翻译,并分析并分析句子结构。句子结构。 Our class is made up of 42 members. This is a big family. We always help each other. Our monitor is a boy. He studies very hard.We call him bookworm,1._and he is always ready to help others. 我们都很喜欢他。2._ Our class is happy group,3._ which is full o