高中生物 第7章 第2节 现代生物进化理论的主要内容课件 新人教版必修2 (42)

1、必修必修 4 Unit 2 Working the land 重点单词重点单词1._n. 统计；统计数字；统计资料2. _vt.& vi. 斗争；拼搏；努力3. _n. 十年；十年期4. _n. 产量；输出_n. 输入5. _ adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的_adj. 心烦意乱的；烦恼的_v. 扰乱，打扰6. _vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展_ n. 扩张，扩大；发展7. _vt.& vi. 循环；流传_ n. 循环8. _n. 自由；自主statistic struggledecadeoutputinputdisturbingdisturbeddisturbexpa

2、ndexpansioncirculatecirculationfreedom学生用书见P85 重点单词重点单词9. _vt.& vi. 配备；装备 _n. 设备；装备10. _ vt.& vi. 输出；出口 _ v. 进口11. _ n. 国籍12. _n. 工作；职业；占领13. _vt. 使迷惑；使为难 _adj. 令人迷惑的 _adj. 感到迷惑的 _n. 迷惑14. _vt. 遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔15. _ n. 细菌 _ (复数)equipequipmentexportimportnationalityoccupationconfuseconfusingconfu

3、sedconfusionregretbacteriumbacteria 重点单词重点单词16. _ n. 营养；滋润；食物_ adj. 有营养的17. _n. 矿物；矿石18. _ n. 发现；发觉 _vt. 发现；发觉19. _vt. 减少；缩减20. _vt. 浏览；略读21. _ vt. 划底线标出；强调22. _ n. 总结；摘要；概要_vt. 总结23._n. 评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论nutritionnutritiousmineraldiscoverydiscoverreduceskimunderlinesummarysummarizecomment 重

4、点短语重点短语1. _ 幸亏；由于；因为2. _ 摆脱；除去3. _ 对感到满意4. _ 宁愿；宁可5. _ 逐渐增强；建立；开发6. _ 导致；造成（后果）7. _ 集中（注意力、精力等）于8. _ 使免受（影响，伤等）；使不含（有害物）thanks torid.ofbe satisfied withwould ratherbuild uplead tofocus onkeep.free from/of1.if 引导的条件状语从句中的省略If so， what did you do to grow them? (教材P9)2.“what be called”意为“所谓的”Dr Yuan gr

5、ows what is called super hybrid rice.(教材P10)3.would rather do sth.宁愿做某事And he would much rather keep time for his hobbies. (教材P10)4.含有全体概念的代词、形容词和副词+not，表示部分否定One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people. (教材P10) 重点句型重点句型动词的-ing形式作主语和宾语作主语：Since then, fi

6、nding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. (教材P10)作宾语：As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. (教材P10)语法要点语法要点struggle vt., vi.& n斗争，拼搏；努力；挣扎Indeed， his sunburnt face and arms and his slim， strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers， for

7、 whom he has struggled for the past five decades. (教材P10)的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他千百万的中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。1学生用书见P86struggle to do sth. (=make great efforts to do sth.) 艰难地做某事，挣扎着做某事struggle for 为而斗争struggle with/against 与作斗争；同搏斗struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来 He has been struggling to

8、succeed in his business.He has been struggling for success in his business.为使事业成功，他一直努力奋斗着。 v Those climbers struggled against the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain.那些登山者在强风中艰难的行走，最终到达山顶。 The injured man struggled to his feet.受伤的他挣扎着站起来。expand vt.& vi.使变大；伸展Dr Yuan searched

9、 for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. (教材P10)袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收稻谷的途径。2 expand into 扩展成为；膨胀成为 expand on/upon sth. 详细阐明；充分叙述(2)expansion n.扩展；扩大；膨胀(1) expand扩张，膨胀，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可以指范围和体积的扩大。extend延长，延伸，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的向外延伸，也可以指时间的延长。spread伸开，展现，传播，指向四面八方扩大传播范围，

10、如传播（疾病），散布（信息）等。 stretch 伸展，拉长，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。 The small pocket dictionary was expanded into a full-sized one.那部袖珍小词典经增订成为大型词典。 Im satisfied with your explanation, so there is no need to expand on/upon it.我对你的解释很满意，因此无需再作详细说明。 The European powers extended their authority in Asia.欧洲列强在亚洲扩大他们的管辖

11、权。 The flag was spread out in the wind.那面旗子在风中展开了。 Shes stretched out in the sun.她伸开四肢躺在太阳下。equip vt.& vi.装备；配备He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. (教材P10)于是，他拿出好几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。3 equip.with. 用装备 equip.for sth./to do sth. 为了而装备 well/poorly equi

12、pped 设备精良的/较差的 equipment n. 装备，设备（不可数名词） a piece of equipment 一件设备（1）（2） They cant afford to equip their army.他们无力装备自己的军队。 She was equipped with knowledge for the vocation.她具备从事这项职业的知识。 The President is equipped for public speaking.这位总统具有演说才能。 The countrys former government had poorly equipped local

13、 schools.这个国家的前政府对当地的学校教学设施配备少得可怜。confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. (教材P13 )把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。4(1)confuse.and/with. 把和混淆 confused adj. 困惑的，烦恼的(以人作主语) be/get confused about.对感到困惑(3)confusion n 混乱；迷惑(4)confusing adj. 令人费解的；使人困惑的(以物作

14、主语)（2） They asked so many questions that they confused me.他们问了许许多多的问题，把我弄糊涂了。 People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.人们如今被那些五花八门的食物标签搞得稀里糊涂。 There was a confused look on his face when he met with the confusing problem.当他遇到这个令人费解的难题时，他脸上露出了困惑的表情。regret v可惜，后悔，遗憾；惋惜 n. 遗

15、憾，抱歉His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad. (教材P13)他父亲说他从不后悔将他儿子送去国外学习。5 having done doing sth. regret to say/tell/inform.that 遗憾地说/告知 regret that . 遗憾 It is to be regretted that. 可惜的是，令人遗憾的是 with great/deep regret 很遗憾 to ones regret 让某人感到遗憾的是(1)(2)后悔做了某事 regret

16、I have always regretted not having studied harder at school.我一直后悔在校期间没能努力学习。 I regret to tell you that Mr. White has departed from the world for ever.我遗憾地告诉您怀特先生与世长辞了。 We think， much to our regret， that we will not be able to visit you next year.让我们深感遗憾的是，我们认为明年不能去拜访你了。reduce vt.减少；缩小；降低；使陷入某种更糟的状态A

17、 healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. (教材P14)健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮生长。6reduce sth.to. 使变得reduce sth.by. 减少了be reduced to. 沦落为 They have to reduce expenses this year.他们今年必须削减开支。 She reduced her weight by 6 kilos/to 50 kilos.她的体重减轻了6公斤/减轻到50公斤。 The poor boy is reduced to

18、 begging. 那个可怜的孩子已沦为乞丐。 We can reduce his statement to three simple facts.我们可以将他的陈述归纳成三个简单的事实。comment vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论 n.C&U 评论；议论S with your partner and give each other comments.（教材P15）和你的伙伴交换摘要并互相评论。7（1）comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人进行评论 make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某 人进行评论/不进行评论

19、No comment! 无可奉告!（2） The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。 I dont feel I can comment on their decision. 我认为我不能对他们的决定做出评论。 Could you make any comments on the recent developments?就最近的发展你能发表些意见吗? “Will you resign, Minister?”“No comment!”“部长，您是要辞职吗?”“无可奉告!”thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为Thanks to his rese

20、arch， the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. （教材P10）多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。1because of owing to as a result ofdue to (不能放在句首)on account of由于；因为学生用书见P87 It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。 Because of illness, the boy did not go to school.因为生病，这个男

21、孩没有去上学。 Owing to/Thanks to your timely help，we finished the work ahead of time.由于你及时的帮助，我们提前完成了工作。 As a result of the bad weather， the football match was put off.由于天气不好，足球赛被推迟了。 The accident was due to his careless driving.事故是由于他的粗心驾驶造成的。 We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.由于糟糕的天

22、气，我们的出发被耽搁了。温馨提示：owing to引导的短语必须是修饰全句的，严格地讲，置于句末时应当用逗号和主句隔开；而because引导从句，放在句末时其前不加逗号。(1) rid sb./oneself/sth.of sth. 使摆脱(2) get rid of 处理掉；摆脱(3) be rid of 摆脱；去掉2rid.of 使摆脱；解除；免除 One day we will manage to rid the world of this terrible disease.总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。 It wont be long before we can be

23、/get rid of the pest altogether.不用太久，我们就能把这种害虫消除干净。 Could you rid yourself of the bad habit of smoking? =Could you get rid of the bad habit of smoking? 你能改掉抽烟这个坏习惯吗？be satisfied with 对感到满意Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. (教材P10)袁博士很满意他的生活。3 be happy with be content with be satisfied to do 对

24、做感到满意(2)(much) to ones satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb. 使某人满意的是(3)satisfy vt. 满足,使满意(1) 对满意 One shouldnt be satisfied with only a little success.一个人不应该只因一点小成就就感到满足。 Satisfied with what I said， mother agreed that I could go swimming with my classmates.因为对我说的话感到满意，母亲同意我与同学一起去游泳。 We have arrange

25、d the matter to the satisfaction of all parties concerned.我们已把事情处理得使各方都感到满意。lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向(to为介词，该短语后跟名词或动名词)Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. （教材P14）这些化学物质有些会引起癌症或其他疾病。4 sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事 n.to sth. 引导到 /live a.life 过样的生活 .into. 把领进 the way 引路；带路lead The discover

26、y of new evidence led to the thiefs being caught.发现新证据使得小偷被抓住。 As we all know， all roads lead to Rome.众所周知，条条大道通罗马。 This has led scientists to think out other solutions to the problem.这就使得科学家不得不想其他解决问题的方法。 The receptionist led the way to the meeting room.接待员领路来到了会议室。 She led the children into the zo

27、o.她把孩子们带进动物园。would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. (教材P10)他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。1学生用书见P88would rather宁愿，宁可，没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。 would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事 would rather not/never do sth. 宁愿不做某事 would rather do sth.than do sth. =w

28、ould do sth.rather than do sth. =prefer to do sth.rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不去做某事 would rather have done 本想做（而实际上未做）（1）（2）would rather从句 过去时，表示现在或将来(虚拟语气)过去完成时，表示过去(虚拟语气) He would rather die than give in to the enemy.他宁死也不向敌人屈服。 Rather than refuse to help you， I would borrow money from my friends.我宁

29、可向朋友借钱，也不愿拒绝帮助你。 Id rather not tell anybody about it.我不愿把这事告诉任何人。 Id rather you came tomorrow than today. 我希望你明天来而不是今天来。 I would rather (that) you hadnt done that thing yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没做那件事。含有全体概念的代词、形容词和副词+not，表示部分否定One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for hi

30、s people. (教材P10)一个梦想总是不够的，尤其是对一个热爱和关心人民的人来说更是如此。2含有全体概念的代词、形容词和副词，如all， both， every， everyone， everything， everybody， everywhere， necessarily， entirely， altogether， absolutely， whole， wholly， completely， always， often， quite等与not搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都是；不是每个都是”等。 部分否定 全部否定 两者both.not/not both.neither/n

31、ot.either三者或三者以上all.not/not all.not.any/none(没有一个)none/nobody(没有人)nothing(没有任何事物) 副词not everywherenot quitenot completelynowherenot a bitnot at all Not all the ants go out for the food.=All ants dont go out for the food. (部分否定)并非所有的蚂蚁都出外觅食。 Not both children are clever.=Both children are not clever.

32、 (部分否定)两个孩子并不都聪明。 Not every man can do it. (部分否定)不是每个人都能做这件事。 Neither of you are kind. (全部否定)你们俩都不好。 Nobody can win me. (全部否定)没有人能赢我。 Nothing went well with me. (全部否定)我事事都不顺心。.品句填词品句填词（用所给词的恰当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词）1It seems clear that many people in Arab nations do share a universal hunger liberty. 【答案】【答案

33、】1.for2I choose teacher as my (occupy) because I really like the process of learning and teaching.【答案】【答案】2.occupation3No one likes (disturb), especially during their free time, because they hope to get away from work, trouble, and even noise. 【答案】【答案】 3.being disturbed4Some students believe that th

34、ey must read every text slowly and carefully, (underline) every unknown word and stopping to worry about it.【答案】【答案】4.underlining5Life is not all roses, but with what I (equip) with by the top teachers in this elite(精英) school, I surely deserve a promising prospect. 【答案】【答案】5.am (being) equipped学生用书

35、见P896An investigation was ordered after the (discover) that $89,000 was missing from the account.【答案】【答案】 6.discovery7She correctly points out that (bacterium) are everywhere: on us, in us and all around us.【答案】【答案】 7.bacteria8.In the age of internet, English shows the tendency to gain language hege

36、mony(霸权地位) while Chinese faces the threat of (reduce) to a “dialect”.【答案】【答案】 8.being reduced 9.Read the first and the last few pages of each chapter thoroughly, because they often (summary) the information.【答案】【答案】 9.summarize10.Walk around, get your blood (circulate), perhaps massage your neck and

37、 shoulders if you feel tension.【答案】【答案】10.circulating.单句改错单句改错（含词汇和本单元的语法）1.Those heavily equipped climbers struggled the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain.【答案】【答案】在struggled后加上against2.The headmaster was annoyed and said that he would rather you settled the problem in a friend

38、ly atmosphere yesterday.【答案】【答案】在settled前加上had 3.Get rid of smoking is a rather difficult task, which calls for determination and high standards of self-discipline.【答案】【答案】GetGetting 4.Your tomorrows are such bright as you want to make them. There is no reason to carry the darkness of the past with

39、you into today.【答案】【答案】suchas 5.With all the eyes focusing on him, the speaker felt slightly nervous.【答案】【答案】focusingfocused6.I happened to hear of he having been chosen to be the coach of the team.【答案】【答案】hehis/him 7.We regret to informing you that no trains will run today. Youd better change your

40、travel plan.【答案】【答案】informinginform8.The living room of this house is twice length of the bedroom, which suits the family pretty well.【答案】【答案】在length前加上the 9.The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keep them freely from dust is usually a forbidding place.【答案【答案】freelyfree 10.Thank to these donations, the poorest of the poor are receiving the best-quality medicines on offer. 【答案】【答案】ThankThanks.课文语法填空课文语法填空