初中被动语态的奥秘

1、初中被动语态的奥秘初中被动语态的奥秘v中考必考的重点语法 de奥秘一一、主动语态与被动语态主动语态与被动语态： 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。和谓语的关系。 主动语态表示主语是动作主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者者 。 英语的动词有两种语态，即主动语态英语的动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)与被动语态与被动语态（The Passive Voice)。e.g. 1.They make trains in Zhuzhou . (答案答案） Trains ar

2、e made in Zhuzhou. （答案答案）2.The farmers grow cotton every year. （答案答案 ）Cotton is grown by the farmers every year. （答案答案）主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态二二、 被动语态的构成被动语态的构成： be+及物动词及物动词的过去分词的过去分词考点一 被动语态常用的8种时态歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词后面跟 含情态动词的被动语态构成：含情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词（情态动词（can/may/must/should）+be+及物动词过去分词及物动词过

3、去分词 e.g 1、This bike can be repaired. 2、The tree must be put straight in the hole. 3、The classroom should be cleaned every day.把下列主动句变被动句：把下列主动句变被动句：1、We should plant the trees around the lake. The trees around the lake.2、We must repair the computer now .The compture now.3、Students should correct the

4、ir mistakes .Their mistakes4、We must water the trees well.The trees well. should be planted must be repaired should be corrected . must be watered 歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟短语后面跟谓语动词变被动，谓语动词变被动，be后后“过分过分”来使用来使用e.g Many people speak English.Englishis spokenby manypeople. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤主动语态变被动语态的步骤：第

5、一步，先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词；第一步，先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词；第二步，把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若第二步，把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾语变为主格；宾语是人称代词时，应把宾语变为主格；第三步，把主动句中的谓语动词变为第三步，把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词助动词be + 及物动词的过及物动词的过去分词去分词”，但时态不能改变；，但时态不能改变；第四步，把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词第四步，把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略

6、），若主语是人称代词宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。时，应把主格变为宾格。一、把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：一、把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子：1、They speak English in Canada .(English.)2、People use wood for making tables. （wood.）3、They make computers in the USA.（Computers）4、They grow rice in South China.（Rice）English is spoken in Canada.Wood is

7、used for making tables.Computer are made in the USA.Rice is grown in South China.5.Chinese people built the Great Wall 2,000 years ago. 6. We must plant more trees next year here. 7.Dalian produces big ships. 8.Farmers harvest rice in autumn . 9.We should clean our classroom every day.The Great Wall

8、 was built by Chinese people 2000 years ago.More trees must be planted here next year.Big ships are produced in Dalian.Rice is harvested in autumn.Our classroom should be cleaned every day.二、单项选择题：二、单项选择题： ( )1.-Where are bananas _? - _ grown in South China. A. grow, Its B.grown, Its C.grown, Theyre

9、 D.grew, Theyre( )2.The League _ in May , 1922. A. is founded B.was founded C. is built D. was built( )3.The strange thing with three legs_. A. used to drink B. are used for drinking C. is used for drinking D. used for drinking CBC( )4. TV programmes can_ to the other side of the world. A. send B. b

10、e sent C. make D. be made( )5. We must _ our homework every day. A. be finished B. finish C. are finished D. finished( )6. All the houses when they got there. A.pull down B. was pulled down C.had been pulled down D.have been pulled downBBC考点一被动语态的应用考点一被动语态的应用( )1. 11兰州中考兰州中考In many places in China,

11、the old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government. A. is taking good careB. are taken good care ofC. is taking good care ofD. are taken good care( )2. 11铜仁中考铜仁中考Bamboo can _ paper. A. used to make B. be used makeC. be used to makeD. be used to making( )3.09.辽宁辽宁 The thief by the

12、policeman already.A . h a s c a u g h t B . h a s b e e n c a u g h t C. caught D. is caught( )4. 11陕西中考陕西中考Driving after drinking wine _ in China. A. allows B. doesnt allowC. is allowed D. isnt allowed( )5. 10南通中考南通中考The disabled people shouldnt _. Instead, we should be friendly to them. A. look do

13、wn B. look down onC. be looked down on D. be looked down( )6.10.安顺中考安顺中考 I to leave at once, or Ill be late for the meeting.A.tell B. be told C. am told D. was toldsummary：1、一般现在时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态2、一般过去时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态3、一般将来时的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态4、现在进行时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态5、现在完成时的被动语态、现在完成时的被动语态 6、过去进行时的被动语态

14、、过去进行时的被动语态 7、过去将来时的被动语态、过去将来时的被动语态8、过去完成时的被动语态、过去完成时的被动语态 9、情态动词的被动语态、情态动词的被动语态 am/is /are + p.pwas/were + p.pwill/shall + p.pam/is/are going to be+ p.pam/is/are being + p.phave/has been + p.pwas/were being + p.p should/would be + p.pwas/were going to be + p.p had been + p.p 情态动词情态动词 + be + p.pToda

15、ys homeworkvStudents exercice books P82vPapers on The Passive VoicevThank you for your attention!vGoodbye!考点二被动语态的几种特殊形式考点二被动语态的几种特殊形式1. 主动句中感官动词主动句中感官动词see/ hear/ watch/ feel等和使役动词等和使役动词make/ let/ have等词后跟省略等词后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号上不定式符号to。We saw an alien get out of the UFO. A

16、n alien was seen to get out of the UFO. 【提醒提醒】后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。宾补部分不变。对比：对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room. 2. 谓语动词后接双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）时，谓语动词后接双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）时，（1）把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。）把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。（2）把直接宾语变为主语

17、，间接宾语前通常加介词）把直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前通常加介词to或或for。加加to的动词有：的动词有：give, bring, pass, lend, read, write, teach, show等；加等；加for的动词有：的动词有：buy, sing, choose, make, leave, mend等。等。3. 句中谓语是动词短语时，变为被动语态时要注意其完整性。句中谓语是动词短语时，变为被动语态时要注意其完整性。Jack turned on the TV just now. The TV was turned on by Jack just now. 4. 带有复合宾语的动词

18、变为被动语态时，只需把宾语带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只需把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留原处，作主语补变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留原处，作主语补足语。足语。Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once. We were told to clean the classroom at once. 5. 主动表被动主动表被动(1) feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。动含义。The dishes smell so delicious.

19、 菜闻起来真香。菜闻起来真香。Your idea sounds better. 你的主意听起来更好。你的主意听起来更好。(2)有些动词如有些动词如smell, sell, cut, drive, wash, clean, write, open, lock等作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含等作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。义。Books of Harry Potter sell well. 哈利哈利波特波特系列的书很畅销。系列的书很畅销。My pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。(3) sth. need/ want/

20、require doing相当于相当于 sth. need/ want/ require to be done (不定式的被动结构不定式的被动结构)。Your room needs cleaning. = Your room needs to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫了。你的房间需要打扫了。(4) be worth doing(值得做值得做) 中的中的doing表示被动含义。表示被动含义。The movie is worth watching by everyone. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。这部电影值得所有人看一看。不用被动语态的情况不用被动语态的情况1. 系动词、不及物动

21、词或动词短语没有被动语态。系动词、不及物动词或动词短语没有被动语态。例如：例如：come true; fall asleep; keep quiet; take place等；等；2. 主动句的宾语是不定式或主动句的宾语是不定式或doing时不能用作被动语态的主语；时不能用作被动语态的主语；to do不定式一般不作被动语态主语。不定式一般不作被动语态主语。3. 反身代词或反身代词或each other不能作为被动语态的主语。不能作为被动语态的主语。被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态与系表结构的区别“be + p. p. ”表示动作时是被动语态；表示动作时是被动语态；“be + p. p. ”表示

22、主语所处的状态时是系表结构。表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。1. 含有含有“by + 宾语宾语”结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。结构强调动作执行者，此时为被动语态。The window is broken. 窗户坏了。（系表结构）窗户坏了。（系表结构）The window is broken by me. 窗户是我打破的。（被动语态）窗户是我打破的。（被动语态）2. 句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般是被动语态。The door was closed. 门是关着的。（系表结构）门是关着的。（系表结构）The door was closed at

23、 9: 00. 九点钟关的门。（被动语态）九点钟关的门。（被动语态）3. 系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。系表结构中常用介词搭配，被动语态中没有介词搭配。Were worried about the boy. 我们担心那个男孩。我们担心那个男孩。4. 系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。Im really surprised at the news. 我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。我对这个消息真的感到很惊讶。5. 系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态可用于多种时态。可用于多种时态。 were planted The bridge waswas invitedplay把下列句子变成被动语态的句子；把下列句子变成被动语态的句子；1、They planted these trees on weekends . These trees on weekends.2、The workers built the bridge in 1968 built by the workers in 1968.3、People invited Yao Ming to play basketball in The USA. Yao Ming