初中英语语法-一般时态-课件PPT

1、2021/8/261一一般现在时一般现在时2021/8/262一般现在时一般现在时：表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、客观真理或事实等。表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、客观真理或事实等。与一般与一般现在时连用的时间状语现在时连用的时间状语：often, always, sometimes, usually, every day/ week/year 等等 一般现在时的构成：一般现在时的构成： 肯定句：肯定句：主语主语is/am/are其它成分其它成分.He is an office worker.主语主语(除第三人称单数除第三人称单数)动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分.I get u

2、p at six every day . 主语主语(第三人称单数第三人称单数)动词动词s/es 其它成分其它成分. My father usually goes to work by bus.我我(I)用用am, 你你(you)用用are,Is 连着他连着他(he)她她(she)它它(it),遇到复数都用遇到复数都用are.2021/8/263否定句：否定句：主语主语am/is/are not其它成分其它成分.They are not in the library.主语主语(除第三人称单数除第三人称单数) dont动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分. I dont like swimming.

3、主语主语(第三人称单数第三人称单数)doesnt动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分.The old man doesnt like playing cards . 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语其它成分主语其它成分?Is it a tall tree?Do +主语主语(除第三人称单数除第三人称单数) 动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分?Do the Greens often go swimming in summer?Does+主语（第三人称单数）动词原形其它成分主语（第三人称单数）动词原形其它成分?Does the earth go around the sun ? 2021/

4、8/264特殊疑问句（一般时态）特殊疑问句（一般时态）：疑问词疑问词is/am/are +主语主语(其它成分其它成分)？What time is it now? 疑问词疑问词do +主语动词原形主语动词原形(其它成分其它成分)？When do you usually go to bed? 疑问词疑问词does+主语（第三人称单数）主语（第三人称单数）+动词原形动词原形（其它成分）？（其它成分）？Where does Jim do his homework on weekdays ?2021/8/2651、一般动词，在词尾加一般动词，在词尾加 s ; 如：如： work-works, live-

5、lives, play-plays, sing- sings. eg: She lives in Ningbo. 她住在宁波。她住在宁波。2、以、以/s/ /z/ 等音素结尾的动词，词尾加等音素结尾的动词，词尾加 -es ，如词尾为，如词尾为e， 只只加加-s. 读作读作 /iz /如：如： teach- teaches, wash- washes. eg: My mother washes the coat.我母亲洗了大衣。我母亲洗了大衣。行为动词行为动词do一般现在时一般现在时第三人称单第三人称单（he,she,it) 的构成规则：的构成规则：2021/8/2663.以辅音字母加以辅音字母

6、加Y 结尾的词，改结尾的词，改Y为为I 再加再加ES，读作，读作ZStudy flystudiesflied 4.以辅音字母以辅音字母+O结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加ES 读读作作Zgo do goesdoes5.特殊情况：特殊情况： have has 2021/8/267getsgoeslivesdraws2021/8/268Where are they?They are in the classroom.2021/8/269Is he happy?Yes, he is happy.Is he strong?Yes, he is strong.2021/8/261

7、0What is it?It is a cat.Is she busy?Yes, she is busy. 2021/8/2611Am I sad?No, I am happy.Is it very hot?Yes, it is very hot.2021/8/2612He is happy.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:He is not (isnt) happy.Is he happy?Yes, he is.No, he isnt.2021/8/2613I am happy.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:I

8、 am not happy.Are you happy?Yes, I am.No, I am not.疑问句要求把疑问句要求把BE 提前，第一人称变成第二人称。提前，第一人称变成第二人称。2021/8/2614They are in the classroom.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答: 否定回答否定回答:They are not (arent) in the classroom.Are they in the classroom?Yes, they are.No, they arent.2021/8/2615肯定式否定式疑问式肯定否定回答I am a teache

9、r. I am not a teacher.Am I a teacher?Yes, I am.No, I am not.He/she is a teacher.He/she is not a teacher.Is he/she a teacher?Yes, he/she is.No, he/she isntIt is a cat.It is not a cat.Is it a cat?Yes, it is.No, it isnt.We/You/They are teachers.We/You/They are not teachers.Are we/you/they teachers?Yes,

10、 we/you/they are. No, we/you/they arent.动词动词be一般现在时的构成一般现在时的构成2021/8/2616get up water the flowersI get up at 6:35 in the morning.She waters the flowers.2021/8/2617play footballwatch TVThey play football in the playground.He watches TV in the sitting-room.2021/8/2618否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回

11、答:I get up at 6:35 in the morning.I do not (dont) get up at 6:35 in the morning.Do you get up at 6:35 in the morning?Yes, I do.No, I dont.对于实意动词，疑问句要求：当主语是他对于实意动词，疑问句要求：当主语是他(he)，她，她(she)，它，它(it)时，句子前面加时，句子前面加DOES，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句前加称时，句前加DO ，第一人，第一人(I/we) 称换第二人称称换第二人称(you)。2021/

12、8/2619They play football in the playground.否定句否定句: 一般疑问句一般疑问句: 肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:They do not (dont) play football in the playground.No, they dont.Yes, they do.Do they play football in the playground?2021/8/2620Ex1. 将下列各句从肯定式改为否定式将下列各句从肯定式改为否定式I talk to Peter because I like him.Kate comes from Americ

13、a. Kate works with PeterI am Chinese, and I am a student.They know each other.I dont talk to Peter because I dont like him.Kate doesnt come from America.Kate doesnt work with Peter.I am not Chinese, and I am not a studentThey dont know each other.2021/8/26211.Her parents live in Shanghai .否: Her par

14、ents_ in Shanghai.疑： _ her parents_ in Shanghai?.2.You study English .否： You study English .疑： you study English ? 3. How often Tom football?A.is ,play B. do,play C. does, play D.does,plays dont liveDo livedoDo C2021/8/26221. Jim usually _ ( have ) lunch at home.2. Li Guanhua _ ( be ) twenty years o

15、ld.3. How many students _ ( be ) there in your class?4. -_ she _ ( study ) hard? -Yes, she _.5. Lucy and lily _ ( not speak ) Chinese.6. My father _ ( not do ) morning exercises every day.7. She always _ ( wash ) her clothes on Sundays.8. _ your brother _ ( like ) playing football? No, he _.用所给动词一般现

16、在时态填空用所给动词一般现在时态填空:2021/8/2623 Tom goes to school every day by bike.1.就就Tom 提问提问 2.就就goes to school提问提问 3.就就by bike提问提问 请做练习请做练习。1.Who goes to school every day by bike?2.What does Tom do every day by bike ?3.How does Tom go to school every day? 2021/8/2624二二一般将来时一般将来时2021/8/2625一般将来时一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或

17、存在的状表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。态及打算、计划或准备做某事。与它连用的时间状语有：与它连用的时间状语有：tomorrow, next week/month /year, in a few days等。等。 2021/8/2626表示将来时的常见形式表示将来时的常见形式 1.will+动词原形动词原形 (I /we shall)2.be going to+动词原形动词原形3.be+to do 表示计划表示计划,责任责任,约定或命令约定或命令4. be about to do sth 表示正要做表示正要做,马上要做马上要做.(不能与表示将来时间的状语连用不能与表示将

18、来时间的状语连用)5.be+v-ing6.一般现在时表将来一般现在时表将来2021/8/2627fly kites tomorrowHe will fly kites tomorrow.2021/8/2628They will play basketball next Wednesday.play basketball next Wednesday2021/8/2629He will fly kites tomorrow.否定句否定句: 一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答: 否定回答否定回答:No, he will not (wont).Yes, he will.Will he fly k

19、ites tomorrow?He will not fly kites tomorrow.2021/8/2630否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句: 肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:They will play basketball this afternoon.No, they will not (wont).Yes, they will.Will they play basketball next Wednesday? They will not (wont) play basketball next Wednesday.2021/8/2631 1.will与与shallv 1)表示表

20、示一个将来的动作或状态，一个将来的动作或状态，“要要,会会” She will go to the park tomorrow. 2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。 Tom will be 18 next year. Spring will come again. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 3) will+v 有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。 - My car wont start. -Dont worry, I will come and give it a push.2021/8/2632肯

21、定句肯定句主语主语+shall/will+动词原形动词原形 其它成分其它成分.否定句否定句主语主语shall/ will +not 动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分. 一般疑问句一般疑问句：Shall /will 主语主语 动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分? 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句疑问词疑问词shall/will+主语动词原形其它成分主语动词原形其它成分?如：如：What will they do next Saturday?注：注：shall用于第一人称。用于第一人称。 will用于各种人称。用于各种人称。 口语中口语中常用常用will代替代替shall。 shall not=shant wi

22、ll not=wont 2021/8/2633祈使句+ and/or+将来时（will） 努力工作否则你就会失败。努力工作否则你就会失败。 Work hard or you will fail. 努力工作你就会成功。努力工作你就会成功。 Work hard and you will succeed.2021/8/26342、be going to表示计划，安排要做的事表示计划，安排要做的事表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。- What _do this evening?- I am going to do my lessons. 看那些乌云要下雨了看那些乌

23、云要下雨了. Loot at the dark clouds. It _rain. is going toare you going to2021/8/2635 3.be to do 表按计划或安排即将发生的动作表按计划或安排即将发生的动作表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播）官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播）He and I are to meet at the railway station tomorrow. You are not to be back late.If not watered, the pl

24、ants are to die.The president is to speak on TV tonight.计划，安排计划，安排责任，命令责任，命令注定要发生的动作注定要发生的动作官方计划或决定官方计划或决定2021/8/26364.be about to do 表示正要做表示正要做,马上要做马上要做. (不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用) was /were about to do when 正要正要突然发生突然发生 英语晚会即将开始英语晚会即将开始。 The English Evening Party is about to begin. 我正要出去我正要出

25、去,这时下起了雨这时下起了雨. I was about to go out when it began to rain.2021/8/2637 5.be +v-ing go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, fly, land, take off等等动词动词可用可用现在进行时现在进行时表示表示安排安排和计划或即将发生和计划或即将发生的动作的动作。 我们明天动身去青岛我们明天动身去青岛. Were leaving for Qingdao. 2021/8/26386.表示与表示与生日生日,日历日历,课时安排或交通时刻表课时安排或交通时刻表有关的有关的动作动作(一

26、种规律一种规律) ，用，用一般现在时一般现在时表示将来时态表示将来时态 常用于转移动词如常用于转移动词如： begin, come , leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close The evening class begins at 19:00. 火车两点出发火车两点出发. The train starts at two.2021/8/2639注注:在时间或条件状语从句中在时间或条件状语从句中,从句用从句用一般现一般现在时在时表示将来时表示将来时:when, as soon as, before, once, if , unless

27、, even if, in case If you come this morning, we will have a meeting. When I graduate, I will go to the countryside2021/8/26401.There_two meetings tomorrow afternoon. A.are going to be B.are going to haveC.is going to be D.will have2.The twins_to the cinema with their parents tonight.A.will go B.woul

28、d goC.are go D.went3.-When_we have the meeting? -At 8. A.areB.shallC.would D.will 4.-When_you_for London? -Next week. A.will;leavingB.are;leaving C.shall;leaveD.have;left2021/8/2641 What would you do if it _ tomorrow ? We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will

29、 rain D. is rainingExercises2021/8/26422. What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _quite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go 2021/8/26433. My younger brother _b

30、e 15 years old next year. A. is going to B. will C. is to D. should 2021/8/26444. Sorry, I forgot to post the letter for you. Never mind, _ post it myself tonight. A. Im going to B. I prefer to C. Ill D. Id rather2021/8/26455. Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I ca

31、n2021/8/2646三 一般过去时一般过去时2021/8/2647一般过去时一般过去时1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 I got up early yesterday. How was your weekend? It was great. She didnt play sports last weekend. Did you go to Central Park? Yes, I did. Where did you go on vacation?结论结论：1常带有表过去的常

32、带有表过去的时间状语时间状语（见到这些词用一般过去时）. ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, two days ago, last( night, week, month, year,), in+一个过去的年份一个过去的年份, just now, at the age of, one day, long ago, once upon atime(很久以前很久以前)2021/8/2648 be 的过去时: is-was amwas are-were肯定句：主语+过去式+其他 He was at home yesterday. 否定句：主语+was/

33、were +not+过去式+其他 He wasnt at home yesterday.一般疑问句：was/were+主语+动词原形+其他 Was he at home yesterday? -yes, he was. -no, he wasnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 （was/were+主语 +过去式+其他） Where was he yesterday? 2021/8/2649行为动词的一般过去式：do-did肯定句：主语+ 动词过去式 +其他 I went to the movie yesterday.否定句：主语+didnt (助动词) + 动词原形+其他 I didnt

34、 go to the movie yesterday.疑问句：Did (助动词) +主语+动词原形+其他 Did you go to the movie yesterday?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 (Did+主语 +过去式+其他） Where did he go yesterday? (movie) when did he go to the movie? (yesterday)2021/8/2650构成规则构成规则例词例词1. 一般在动词原形末尾加一般在动词原形末尾加-ed look looked play played start started2. 结尾是结尾是 e 的动词加

35、的动词加 -d live lived hope hoped use used3. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读 闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字 母，再加母，再加-edstop stoppedplan plannedtrip tripped4. 结尾是结尾是“辅音字母辅音字母+y”的动词，的动词， 先变先变“y”为为“i”再加再加-ed study studiedcarry carried规则动词过去式的构成规则动词过去式的构成2021/8/2651清念清念 /t/ ,元浊元浊/d/ ; /t/ /d/ 之后念之后念/id/规则动词规则动词-ed的读

36、音的读音说明：说明：1、清念、清念 /t/ ，即，即 ed 在清辅音后面念在清辅音后面念 /t/ ,例：例：finished helped passed cooked2、元浊、元浊 /d/ ,即即 ed 在元音，浊辅音后面念在元音，浊辅音后面念 /d/ , 例：例：borrowed enjoyed called moved 3、/t/ /d/ 之后念之后念 /id/ , 即即 ed 在在 /t/ /d/ 音后面念音后面念 /id/ 例：例：wanted shouted needed counted2021/8/2652不规则动词表不规则动词表Infinitive Past tenseam is

37、 wasare werebegin begunbreak brokebring broughtbuild builtbuy boughtcan couldInfinitive Past tensecatch caughtcome camedo diddraw drewdrink drankdrive droveeat atefall fell2021/8/26531. look2. live3. stop4. carry5. hope6. trip7. call 8. finish9. want10.are 11. e16.say17.see18.put19.eat20.take21.read

38、2021/8/26541. look looked2. live lived3. stop stopped4. carry carried 5. hope hoped 6. trip tripped7. call called8. finish finished 9. want wanted10.are were11.go went12.have had13.do did14.get e came16.say said 17.see saw18.put put19.eat ate20.take took21.read read2021/8/26551._ you _(remember) to buy the oranges?2.Who _(invent) the computer.3.We _(go) to the cinema last night. The film _(be) very good.4.What time _ you _(get) to school this morning?5.Jim _ (do) a lot yesterday. He _(go) shopping and _ (cook) supper.2021/8/2656 Did you remembered (remember