八年级上册(Units1~10)英语基础知识

1、八年级上册（Units110）英语基础知识单元分类Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?一、词组、短语： 1、go on vacation去度假 ，2、 stay at home 呆在家， 3、go to the mountains 上山/进山 ，4、 go to the beach到海边去，5、visit museums 参观博物馆，6、go to summer camp 去夏令营，7、 quite a few 相当多， 8、study for为学习，9、go out 出去，10、most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间，11、taste

2、good 尝起来味道好，12、have a good time玩的开心，13、of course当然可以， 14、feel like感觉像/想要,15、 go shopping购物，16、in the past 在过去，17、walk around绕走，18、too many 太多（可数名词前面），19、because of 因为， 20、one bowl of 一碗,21、find out 查出来/发现 ，22、go on继续，23、take photos 照相， 24、something important重要的事情， 25、up and down上上下下， 26、come up出来 二、

3、重要句子（语法）：1.Where did you go on vacation?你到哪里去度假了？I went to New York City.我去了纽约城2.Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗？ No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.不，没有人在这儿。大家度去度假了。3.Did you buy anything special?你买了什么特别的东西吗？ Yes, I bought something for my father.对，我给父亲买了一些东西。4.How was the food? 食物怎么样

4、？ Everything tasted really good.每一样东西真的都好吃。5.Did everyone have a good time?大家玩的开心吗？ Oh, yes. Everything was excellent.对，一切都很精彩。三、习惯用法、搭配1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing .but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6

5、. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做.呢？ 15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not)

6、to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事四、词语辨析：1.anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem

7、+ to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold 我好像感冒了。I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start t

8、o do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin .1)创办，开办： He started a new bookshop last month.2)机器开动： I cant start my car.3)出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map ov

9、er the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking

10、 much too fast.分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?一、词

11、组、短语： 1、help with housework 帮助做家务活，2、go shopping 购物，3、on weekends 在周末， 4、how often 多久一次，5、hardly ever几乎不，6、once a week 每周一次，7、twice a month每月二次，8、go to the movies去看电影， 9、every day 每天， 10、use the Internet上网/用网，11、be free有空，12、have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课 ，13、swing dance摇摆舞 14、play tennis 打网球，

12、15、stay up late熬夜，16、at least至少， 17、go to bed early 早睡， 18、 play sports 锻炼身体，19、be good for 对有好处，20、go camping去野营，21、in ones free time 在某人的空闲时间，22、not.at all 根本不， 23、the most popular 最流行， 24、such as例如， 25、go to the dentist去看牙医，26、more than 超过/多于，27、Old habits die hard.旧习惯难改。 28、 hard=difficult 困难的 ，

13、 29、less than 少于/不到二、重要句子（语法）：1.What do you usually do on weekends?你周末通常做什么？ I always exercise.总是锻炼身体。2.What do they do on weekends?他们周末干什么？ They often help with housework.他们经常帮助干家务活。3.What does she do on weekends? 她周末干什么？ She sometimes goes shopping.她有时购物。4.How often do you go to the movies? 你多久看电影

14、一次？ I go to the movies maybe once a month.可能一个月看一次。5.How often does he watch TV?他多久看电视一次？He hardly ever watches TV.他几乎不看电视。6.Do you go shopping? 你购物吗？ No, I never go shopping.不，我从来就不购物。三、习惯用法、搭配1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事 2. How about? =What about? .怎么样？/ .好不好？3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 4. How

15、many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 .有多少.5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 发现 6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事9. by doing sth. 通过做某事 10. Whats your favorite.? 你最喜欢的是什么？11 start doing sth. 开始做某事 12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式四、词语辨析1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。

16、回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how far 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.2.free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy.

17、be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.3.How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party

18、? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?4. （1）stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. （2）stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.5.（1）go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.（2）go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to s

19、leep soon.6.（1）find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.（2）find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.（3）find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.7.percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.

20、 Thirty percent of time passed.8.more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事；be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children

21、 are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： Im afraid I have to go now.10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的

22、时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story?some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.I l

23、l stay here for some time. -How long will you stay here?Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister一、词组、短语：1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗，2. as.as.与一样，3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛，4. the most important最重要的，5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋，6. the same as与相同7. care about 关心/留意/关注， 8. be different from与不同，9. b

24、e like a mirror 像一面镜子， 10. as long as与一样长，11. bring out显示/显出/生产/带来， 12. get better grade取得好成绩，13. reach for伸手达到/达到 14. touch ones heart 感动，15. in fact 事实上， 16. make friends交朋友，17. be good at 在某方面成绩好，18. the other另一个，19. be similar to 对熟悉， 20. be good with与和睦相处 二、重要句子（语法）：Both Sam and Tom can play th

25、e drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.Thats Tara, isnt it?Are you as friendly as your sister?Im shy so its not easy for me to make friends.三、习惯用法、搭配1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣 2. want to do sth. 想要做某事3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与一样 4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事5. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事6. Its+

26、形容词 + for sb. To do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是的四、词语辨析1.(1)laugh v. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。（与at连用）嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。(2)笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。2.though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = althoughThoug

27、h it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）though adv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though. 五、语法讲解形容词与副词的比较级，最高级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规

28、则变化两种。1规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er

29、，-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的）well（健康的）betterbestbad（坏的）ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/elderoldest/el

30、destmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar（远的）farther/furtherfarthest/furthestUnit 4 Whats the best movie theater一、词组、短语： 1、so far 到目前为止，迄今为止 ，2、no problem 没什么，别客气，3、have.in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同，4、be up to由决定/是的职责，5、all kinds of 各种各样的 ，6、play a role 发挥作用，有影响7、make up 编造（故事、谎言等），8、for exampl

31、e=eg例如， 9、take .seriously 认真对待 ， 10、not everybody并不是每个人，11、close to 离.近 ，12、more and more 越来越 二、重要句子（语法）It has the biggest screens.1.The DJs choose songs the most carefully.2.How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？3.Thanks for telling me.多谢你告诉我。 forget telling me忘记告诉我4.Can I ask you some questions

32、?我能问你一些问题吗？三、习惯用法、搭配1、Can I ask you some. 2、How do you like. 你认为怎么样3、Thanks for doing sth. 4、What do you think of .5、much + 形容词或副词比较级 .得多 6、watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事7、play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用 8、one of +可数名词复数 .之一Unite 5 Do you want to a game show?一、词组、短语：、find out 找见/查出/发现 ，2、be ready to准备做，

33、 3、dress up打扮/化妆成， 4、take sb. place 代替某人，5、do a good job 干的好/表演的出色，6、think of想到/思考，7、 game show 游戏节目，8、learn from向学习， 9、talk show 访谈节目，10、soap opera肥皂剧，11、go on 继续，12、watch a movie 看电影，13、one of其中之一， 14、try ones best =do ones best 竭尽全力，15、a pair of 一双， 16、as famous as一样闻名/出名 ， 17、look like看起来像，18、ar

34、ound the world 世界各地，19、have a discussion about讨论，20、 one day 有一天/某一天，21、 such as 例如，22、a symbol of 一个象征/标志，23、something enjoyable 快乐的事情，24、 interesting information有趣的信息， 二、重要句子（语法）-What do you think of talk shows? -I dont mind them.I hope to be a TV reporter one day. How about you?三、习惯用法、搭配1、let sb.

35、 do sth.让某人做某事， 2、plan to do sth.计划做某事，3、hope to do sth. 希望做某事， 4、happen to do sth碰巧发生某事，5、expect to do sth. 期望做某事，6、How about doing？= What about? 做某事怎么样？7、be ready to do sth.准备做某事，8、try ones best to do sth.=do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事， 四、词语辨析1.the other, the others, other, others, another 辨析the ot

36、her 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 =

37、 any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me. Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese, Math， English and other subjects.others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：Some students are doing homework, others are

38、 talking loudly.another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one. 2.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.3. （1）happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yester

39、day.Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事An accident happened on Park Street.（2）happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧”.Sb + happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.3.expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计可能发生。Im expecting Li Lins letter.2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事Lil

40、y expects to come back next week.3)expect sb. to do sth.I expect my mother to come back early.4)expect + 从句 预计I expected that Ill come back next Monday.4.（1） serious a. 严肃的，认真的。He is a serious man.（2）be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.（3）be

41、serious about doing sth. 对某事当真Hes serious about selling his house.Unit 6 Im going to study computer science一、词组、短语：1、grow up 长大，2、every day每天，3、be sure about对某事确信， 4、make sure 确信/有把握， 5、sendto把发送到/把寄，6、be able to 能/能够 ，7、 the meaning of 的意思/含义， 8、 different kinds of 不同种类的，9、in common通常，10、 at the be

42、ginning of 在开始的时候， 11、write down写下/记下，12、 have to do with必须处理某事，13、take up 开始从事/着手处理/接受，14、 hardly ever 几乎不，15、tooto太而不能 二、习惯用法、搭配want to do sth. 想做某事， be going to + 动词原形：将要做某事，practice doing sth. 练习做某事， keep on doing sth.继续做某事，learn to do sth. 学会做某事， finish doing sth做完某事，promise to do sth.答应做某事， he

43、lp sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事，remember to do sth. 记住要做某事， agree to do sth.同意做某事，love to do sth.喜欢做某事，be going to 的用法 1）be going to + 动词原形表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。肯定句： 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。He is going to t

44、ake the bus there.否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 Im not going to see my friends this weekend.一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be. 否定回答： No, 主语 + be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？What

45、is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends?2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。The bus is coming. My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.4) be going to 与 will 的区别： 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，wi

46、ll 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者缩略式wont, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they wont.will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。 I believe Lucy will be a great doctor. 陈述将来的某个事实用will. I will ten years old next year.表示现在巨大将来要做的事

47、情用 will. Im tired I will go to bed. 表示意愿用will. Ill tell you the truth. 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.Im going to buy a computer this month.-Lets discuss the plan, shall we? -Not now. I _ to an interview.A. go B. went C. am going D. was going -Jack is busy packing luggage. -Yes. He _for America

48、 on vacation.A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has been away三、重要句子（语法）1.What do you want to be when you grow up? I want to be an engineer.2.How are you going to do that? Im going to study math really hard.3.Where are you going to work? Im going to move to Shanghai.4.When are you going to start? Im

49、going to start when I finish high school and college.四、词语辨析1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：1)promise to do sth. My mother promised to buy a piano for me.2)promise sb. sth. My aunt promised me a bike.3)promise + that 从句Tom promises that he can return on mise n. 允诺， 诺言Lily is a dishonest girl. She n

50、ever keeps a promise.2. practice vt. 练习， 后接名词，代词或v-ing 作宾语。Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有：考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.承认推迟没得想： admit, delay/put off, fancy.避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.否认完成能欣赏： deny, finish,

51、enjoy, appreciate.不禁介意与逃亡： cant help , mind, escape.不准冒险凭想象： forbid, risk, imagine.4. everyday 与 every day 区别everyday adj. 每天的 在句中作定语，位于名词前。 This is our everyday homework.every day 副词短语， 在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day. Unit 7 Will people have robots?一、词组、短语：1、on computers在电脑上，2、on paper在纸上

52、，3、live to be 200 years old 活到200岁， 4、free time空闲时间，5、in danger 在危险中，6、on the earth在世界上7、play a part in sth 在某方面出力/做贡献，8、space station太空站，8、look for寻找，9、computer programmer 电脑程序师， 10、in the future 在将来， 11、hundreds of成百上千的，12、the sameas与一样， 13、 over and over again 反复， 14、get bored 无聊， 15、wake up醒来/唤醒，16、look like 看起来像， 17、fall down倒下/落下 二、习惯用法，搭配1、will + 动词原形 将要做 2、fewer/more + 可数名词复数 更少/更多3、less/more + 不可数名词 更少/更多 4、try to do sth. 尽力做某事5、have to do sth 不得不做某事 6、 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见7、such + 名词（词组） 如此 8、play a part in doing sth 参与做某事9、make sb do sth 让某人做某事 10、help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事