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1、动词第三人称单数的变化规则1现在分词的变化规则2动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则2过去分词3构成3作表语4作定语4作状语5作宾语补足语6with +宾语+过去分词7不规则变化7常用过去分词11其他特殊情况11单数名词变复数名词14英语十六种时态 (以study为例)151. 一般现在时162. 现在进行时(be doing)163. 现在完成时(have done)164. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)185. 一般过去时196. 过去完成时(had done)197. 过去将来时(would/ should do)208. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)209
2、. 一般将来时2110. 将来进行时(will be doing)2311. 将来完成时(will have done)2312)将来完成进行时:shall have been doing ,will have been doing2413)过去完成进行时:had been doing2414) 过去将来进行时:should be doing , would be doing2415) 过去将来完成时:should have done , would have done2416) 过去将来完成进行时:should have been doing , would have been doing2
3、4英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换:25动词第三人称单数的变化规则1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s,在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如: stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读iz 如: flyflies z; carrycarries z studystudies z; worryworries3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“
4、es”,发音为iz 如: teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读z 如: gogoes z dodoes z下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。 如:1、do du:does dz2、say seisays sez3、havehas以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是s,z时,加“s”后字母“e”发音, 与所加“s”一起读做iz。 如: closecloses iz be动词包括:am, is, are。第三人称单数用 is;
5、过去式为 was;复数用are,过去式为were.现在分词的变化规则1、 一般在词尾加-ing(一般-ing)。例如: going,playing,knowing2、 以不发音的字母e结尾,先去e再加-ing(去哑e)。例如:making,arriving,coming3、 以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing(重闭单辅先双写)。例如:running,stopping,preferring4、 以-ie结尾,先将-ie改成y,再加-ing。例如:tying,dying, lying口诀:现在进行ing,以e 结尾要去e,除去几个特殊词,系住tie-tyi
6、ng死去die-dying要躺下lie-lying,直接ie变成y,一元一辅双写辅(单音节的词)。动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则规则动词的过去式的构成 1、一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如: workworked playplayed wantedwanted actacted 2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如: livelived movemoved tastetasted hopehoped 3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如: studystudied copycopied crycried carrycarried 4、以一个辅音字
7、母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如: stopstopped 5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。 go went make made get got buy - bought come - came fly-flew不规则动词的过去式的构成 1把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如: beginbegan,drinkdrank,givegave,ringrang,singsang,sitsat,swimswam 2把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如: drivedrove,riderode,writewrote 3改动词原形中的aw ow为ew,变
8、成过去式。如: drawdrew,growgrew,knowknew,throwthrew(动词show除外,showshowed) 4动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如: getgot,forgetforgot 5动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如: feedfed,meetmet 6动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如: keepkept,sleepslept,sweepswept 7动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如: breakbroke,speakspoke 8动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如: sellsold,telltold 9动词原形中的a
9、n改为oo,变成过去式。如: standstood,understandunderstood10以ought和aught结尾,且读音是 :t的过去式。如: bringbrought,buybought,thinkthought,catchcaught,teachtaught 11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如: cancould,shallshould,willwould12把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如: comecame,becomebecame 13在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如: hearhi heardh :d, sayseisaidsed,
10、meanmi:nmeantment 14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如: letlet,mustmust,putput,readreadred 15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如: am,iswas,arewere,buildbuilt,dodid,eatate,fallfell,feelfelt,findfound,flyflew,gowent,have hashad,holdheld,leaveleft,makemade,maymight,runran,seesaw,taketook 过去式“-ed”的发音规则 (1)动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/ id /音, want wanted (要
11、)need needed (需要) (2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/ t / 音。 help helped (帮助)laugh laughed (笑)look looked (看) kiss kissed (吻)wash washed (洗) watch watched (注视) (3)动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/ d /音。 call called (叫)staystayed (停留)crycried (哭)过去分词 构成 1规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“-ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并
12、不是过去式)work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d ”。live-lived-lived(3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“-ed”。studystudiedstudied,crycriedcried,trytriedtried,fryfriedfried.1 (4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(r、y、x除外),先双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”。stopstoppedstopped,dropdropped
13、dropped· 特例:有两类动词本身应该直接加“ed”,但由于历史习惯,依旧要双写最后一个字母,再加“ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写“l",再加“ed”。例如cancelcancelled,dialdialled。另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加“ed”。例如:kidnapkidnapped,worshipworshipped。而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“ed”。(5)以c结尾的动词,要变c为ck,再加“-ed”。picnicpicnicked,traffictrafficked
14、83; 注:这样做主要是为了避免变化后其原型尾音/k/变成/s/。根据英文的拼写规则,c在字母e、i、y之前均发/s/,其他情况下均发/k/。如果直接加“ed”的话,trafficed将会读成/'træfsd/,而不读/'træfkt/。2 、不规则动词,见不规则表作表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山。【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作。(1) The cup was broken by my littl
15、e sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态,表示动作)(2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语)【注意】过去分词表示被动和完成,V-ing 形式表示主动和进行.有些动词如 interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物.。(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。作定语 作定语的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修
16、饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成。1 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前。We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。2 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中。The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。3过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。The
17、 meeting,attended by over five thousand people,welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人。4 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。The boy looked up with a pleased satisfied expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。作状语 1 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。(1) Written in a hurry,this article was not so good
18、! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)。(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought,he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思
19、考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。2 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致;(1) Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I,即 I 被再给一个小时。)(2)Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮。(seen 为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是&q
20、uot;我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市。)【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。(1) The signal given,the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了。(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语。(2) Her head held high,she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 sh
21、e 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语。)3 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.(1) Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了。 (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)(2)_Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快。( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从
22、句 。If these seeds are grown in rich soil.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语。When given a medical examination,you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。4 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开。He stood there silently,moved to tears. = Moved to tears,he stood there sile
23、ntly. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。作宾语补足语 (一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:1 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等。(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;)(2) He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)2 表示&qu
24、ot;致使"意义的动词.如:have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。3 表示思维活动的动词如consider,know,think等后。如:(1) I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。(2) I thought myself wrong
25、ed somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中又受愚弄了。4 表示爱憎,意愿的动词如want, wish, like, hate等后。如:(1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。(2) He didnt wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。1 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。(被别人偷去了)2 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经
26、历.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。 (自己的经历)with +宾语+过去分词此结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语。(1) The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)(2) With water heated,we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件)(3) With the matter settled,we all went
27、home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了。(表原因)(4)_She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他。(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。不规则变化 AAA型 即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)costcostcost cutcutcut hithithit hurthurthurt letletlet putputput readreadread(read的原形和过去式、过去分词
28、读音不同2 ) set-set-set shut-shut-shutABB型 过去式、过去分词相同。(共42个)1过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(4个)bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthoughtfightfoughtfought2词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)buildbuiltbuiltlendlent lentsendsentsentspendspent spent3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。(2个)catchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaught4把-
29、eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。(4个)keepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptsweep sweptsweptfeelfelt felt5把-ell变为-old。(2个)telltoldtoldsellsoldsold6把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。(3个)smellsmeltsmeltspellspeltspeltspillspiltspilt7把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。(4个)feedfedfedleadledledspeedspedspedmeetmetmet8过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(5个)learnlearntl
30、earntmeanmeantmeantspoilspoiltspoiltburnburntburntdreamdreamtdreamt9过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id(4个)saysaidsaidpaypaidpaidlaylaidlaidhearheardheard10改变元音字母。(12个)meetmetmetfeedfedfedgetgotgotsitsatsatfindfoundfoundholdheldheldspitspatspatshineshoneshonewinwonwonhanghunghungdig dugdugloselostlost11改变辅音字母。(4个)make
31、mademadebuildbuiltbuiltsendsentsentspendspentspent12改变元、辅音字母。(4个)leaveleftleftstandstoodstoodhave/hashadhadunderstandunderstoodunderstoodABC型 原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共39个)1iau变化。(7个)beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunksing sangsungringrangrungswimswamswumsink sanksunkspringsprangsprung2词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分
32、词在其原形后加n。(5个)blowblewblowndrawdrewdrawngrow grewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrown(show除外)3词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)drivedrovedrivenwritewrotewrittenride roderiddenriseroserisen4过去分词在过去式后加n。(3个)wakewokewokenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolen5过去分词由过
33、去式加-ten构成。(2个)get-got-gotten/gotforgetforgotforgotten6过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)bewas(were)beeneatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegivenseesawseenhidehidhidden(hid)7词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)taketooktakenmistakemistookmistaken8原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)dodiddoneflyflewflowngowentgonelielaylainshowshowed
34、shownwearworeworn9词尾为-eak时,过去式将其变为-oke,过去分词在过去式后加-n。(2个)breakbrokebrokenspeakspokespoken10词中间为“oo+辅(1个)+e”或“ee+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将oo、ee变为o,过去分词在过去式后加-n。(2个)choosechosechosenfreezefrozefrozenAAB型 过去式和原形相同。(1个)beatbeatbeatenABA型 过去分词和原形相同。(共3个)1.词中间为“o+辅+e”时,过去式将o变为a。(2个)comecamecomebecomebecamebecome2.uau变
35、化。(1个)run ranrun情态动词型 (除must)只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(共4个)cancould maymight willwould shallshould must 既没有过去式也没有过去分词常用过去分词 begin(开始) began begundrink(喝) drank drunkring(铃响) rang rungsing (唱) sang sung swim(游泳) swam swum blow(吹) blew blown draw(画) drew drawn fly(飞) flew flown grow(生长) grew grown know(知道) kne
36、w known throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot) speak(说,讲) spoke spoken wake(醒) woke woken drive(驾驶) drove driven eat(吃) ate eaten fall(落下) fell fallen give(给) gave given rise(升高) rose risen take(取) took taken r
37、ide(骑) rode ridden write(写) wrote written do(做) did done go(去) went gone lie(平躺) lay lain see(看见) saw seen wear (穿) wore worn 不规则的动词 cost(花费)cost cost cut(割) cut cut hit(打) hit hit hurt(伤害) hurt hurt let(让) let let put(放) put put read(读) read read其他特殊情况 动词原形 过去式 过去分词2 arise arose arisenawake a
38、woke/awaked awokenbe was/were beenbear bore borne(携带)/born(出生)beat beat beatenbecome became becomebegin began begunbefall befell befallenbend bent bentbet bet betbind bound boundbite bit bitten/bitbleed bled bledblend blended blentbless blessed blestblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbreed bred bredbr
39、ing brought broughtbroadcast broadcast/broadcasted broadcast/broadcastedbuild built builtburn burnt/burned burnt/burnedburst burst burstbuy bought boughtcast cast castcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencleave clove/cleft cloven/cleftcling clung clungclothe clothed/clad clothed/cladcome came comec
40、ost cost costcreep crept creptcrow crowed/crew crowedcut cut cutdare dared/durst dareddeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdo did donedraw drew drawndream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreameddrink drank drunkdrive drove drivendwell dwelt dwelteat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought fought
41、find found foundflee fled fledfling flung flungfly flew flownforbid forbade/forbad forbiddenforecast forecast/forecasted forecast/forecastedforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozengainsay gainsaid gainsaidget got gottengild gilded/gilt gildedgird girded/girt girded/girtgive
42、 gave givengo went gonegrave graved graven/gravedgrind ground groundgrow grew grownhang hung/hanged hung/hangedhave had hadhear heard heardheave heaved/hove hesved/hovehide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptkneel knelt kneltknow knew knownlade laded ladenlay laid laidlea
43、d led ledlean leant/leaned leant/leanedleap leapt/leaped leapt/leapedlearn learnt/learned learnt/learnedleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie(躺) lay lainlie(撒谎) lied liedlight lit/lighted lit/lightedlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metmelt melted meited/moltenmistake mistoo
44、k mistakenmisunderstand misunderstood misunderstoodoutgrow outgrew outgrownovercome overcame overcomeoversee oversaw overseenpay paid paidprove proved proved/provenput put putquit quitted/quit quitted/quitread read readrend rent rentride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrive rived riven/rived
45、run ran runsaw sawed sawn/sawedsay said saidsee saw seenseek sought soughtsell sold soldsend sent sentset set setsew sewed sewn/sewedshake shook shakenshave shaved shaved/shavenshear sheared sheared/shornshed shed shedshine shone shoneshoe shod shodshoot shot shotshow showed shown/showedshrink shran
46、k/shrunk shrunk/shrunkenshrive shrove/shrived shriven/shrivedshut shut shutsing sang sungsink sank/sunk sunk/sunkensit sat satslay slew slainsleep slept sleptslide slid slidsling slung slungslink slunk slunkslit slit slitsmell smelt/smelled smelt/smelledsmite smote smittensow sowed sown/sowedspeak s
47、poke spokenspeed sped/speeded sped/speededspell spelt/spelled spelt/spelledspend spent spentspill spilt/spilled spilt/spilledspin spun/span spunspit spat/spit spat/spitspoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiledspread spread spreadspring sprang/sprung sprungstand stood stoodstave staved/stove staved/stovest
48、eal stole stolenstick stuck stucksting stung stungswear swore swornsweep swept sweptswell swelled swollen/swelledswim swam swumswing swung swungtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told toldthink thought thoughtthrow threw thrownthrust thrust thrusttread trod trodden/trodupset upset
49、upsetwake woke/waked woken/wakedwear wore wornweave wove wovenweep wept weptwin won wonwind wound woundwork worked/wrought worked/wroughtwring wrung wrungwrite wrote written单数名词变复数名词英语上名词按可数与否可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词按数目又可分为单数名词和复数名词。(不可数名词没有复数形式如water。)单数名词主要用来表示“一个”东西的概念。数量大于“1”就应用复数名词来描述。规则变化 1. 一般在名词词尾
50、加-s。如:dog-dogs, house-houses, gram-grams.2. 以-s,-sh, -ch及-x结尾的名词加-es构成其复数形式。如: kiss-kisses, watch-watches, box-boxes, bush-bushes.3. 以-o结尾,注意以下几点:(1)一般在词尾加-es.如:tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes(2)如果是外来语或缩写名词, 则加-s。如:piano-pianos, dynamo-dynamos, photo-photos, kimono-kimonos, biro-biros。(3)有些以-o结尾的名词
51、,其-o前是元音字母则加-s。如:studio-studios, radio-radios.(4)以-oo结尾的名词只加-s。如:zoo-zoos。4. 以“辅音字母 + -y“ 结尾的名词,则先把-y改成i,再加-es。如:baby-babies, university-universities, fly-flies, impurity-impurities.5. 下列以f或-fe结尾的名词,须先将-f或-fe改成-v,再加-es。这些名词是:calf, half , knife, leaf, life, loaf, self, sheaf, shelf, thief, wife, wolf
52、 等。如:wife-wives, wolf-wolves, calf-calves.(像roof等词直接加s,如果是初中阶段,掌握roos一个特别单词就行了)6. 以下几个名词scarf, wharf, hoof, handkerchief等的复数形式,可先将-f或-fe改成-v,再加-es;也可直接加-s,即scarfs或scarves, wharfs或wharves, hoofs或hooves, handkerchiefs或handkerchieves。不规则变化 1.child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-wome
53、n注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。2.单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,
54、但实为复数。例如:peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle.4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。. news 为不可数名词。. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名
55、,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5.表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。7. 有些表示生物的名词,其复数形式与单数相
56、同。如:fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer。这类名词还有aircraft, means等8. 有些名词以改变元音构成其复数形式。如:man-men, woman-women, goose-geese, foot-feet, mouse-mice, louse-lice, tooth-teeth等。9.人称代词的复数形式:it/she/he-they,you-you,I-we。10.Be动词的复数形式:is/am-are。英语十六种时态 (以study为例)一般时 进行时
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