自考高英上lesson11

1、lesson 11On Getting Off to Sleep by J.B.PriestleyBrainstorming n1.Listen to a song and fill in the blanks:n Sleep,baby,sleep.Your father _the sheep.Your mother _ the Dream Land tree._ falls a little _ for thee.Sleep,baby,sleepn 2. Do you have a sleeping problem? (insomnia)n What did you usually do w

2、hen you encountered this problem?n tends shakes Down dreamWords n1. avail n n. 一般用于否定句或疑问句中效用；(有效的)帮助；利益，好处; 复数(遗产或拍卖之后，扣除佣金、债务等后的)余额n no avail没有效果的；没有作用的n His efforts were to no avail. 他的努力是徒劳的。n vt. 有益于，有助于，有利于，有用于，使有利：n All our efforts availed us little in trying to effect a change.n 在企图实现一个变革中我们

3、徒劳无功。n vi.有益,有用,有帮助(against, to)：n Nothing could avail against the enemy attack.n 没有什么可以挡得住敌人的进攻。n 词根：availn adj. available 有效的，可得的；可利用的；空闲的n n. availability 可用性；有效性；实用性n2. crooked adj. 弯曲的; 歪斜的; 畸形的， 变了形的; 不诚实的；不正当的; krukt (手杖)弯柄的；有钩的n Polly gave her a crooked grin.n 波莉给了她歪斜着嘴的一笑。n 词根：crookn n. cro

4、ok 骗子，坏蛋；弯处，弯曲部分；钩状物n vi. crook 弯曲，成钩形n vt. crook 使弯曲；欺骗，诈骗n3. crushing adj.n 1. 压碎的；砸碎的n 2. 压倒的；使人受不了的；决定性的n Of it, at least, I am certain, and how can I deny this force crushing me?n 至少，我相信历史是可靠的。 我怎么能敢否认这种压倒我的力量呢？n 词根：crushn n. crush 粉碎；迷恋；压榨；拥挤的人群n She had a crush on you, you know.n 你知道吧，她曾暗恋过你。

5、n crusher 打击；食品 压碎机；压碎的东西；镇服人的事实n v. crush 挤；被压碎n4. imperishable adj. 不会腐烂的，不坏的;不灭的，不朽的；永恒的，永存的n 反义：perishable adj. 易腐坏的；易毁灭的；会枯萎的n n. 容易腐坏的东西n 词根：perish v.死亡；毁灭；腐烂；枯萎n5. legion n. 众多的士兵;大军；军团; 大量；大批；众多; 常作 L- (半)军事性单位、协会(或团体)n s of writers n adj.大量的；大批的；众多的n The medical uses of herbs are .n 草本植物的医药

6、效用数不胜数。n adj.n legionary 军队的；很多的；古罗马军团的n6. malice n. 恶意；怨恨；预谋n There was a strong current of malice in many of his portraits.n 他的许多肖像画中都透出强烈的恶意。n adj. malicious 恶意的；恶毒的；蓄意的；怀恨的n malignant 医 恶性的；有害的；有恶意的n malevolent 恶毒的；有恶意的；坏心肠的n n. n malignancy 恶性（肿瘤等）；恶意n malevolence 恶意，怨恨；狠毒n maliciousness 恶意n7.

7、meditate: v. think about, consider 沉思，考虑n He sat there meditating his plan. 他坐在那儿思考着他的计划。n He meditated on the sacred mysteries. 他沉思冥想众神的神秘。n meditation: n. meditating沉思，考虑n She has been deep in meditation when I walked into the office. 我走进办公室时，她陷入了沉思。n8. oblivion n.被(公众)忘却的状态，湮没,漠视; 无意识的状态; 被彻底摧毁;

8、赦免，大赦n He just drank himself jovially into oblivion.n 他一味痛饮直到自己神志不清。n It seems that the so-called new theory is likely to sink into oblivion.n 那所谓的新理论似乎可能被淡忘。n An entire poor section of town was bombed into oblivion.n 城镇的整个贫民区被彻底炸毁了。n adj. oblivious 遗忘的；健忘的；不注意的；不知道的n9. phantasy (= fantasy)n n. 幻想；怪

9、念头n vi. 幻想n vt. 想象n How long have you been having this phantasy?n 你有这种怪想法多久了？n10. refreshed adj. 恢复精神的;神清气爽的n He awoke feeling completely refreshed.n 他醒来感觉精神完全恢复了。n v. refreshn refresh oneself 可以提神；清醒头脑 n refresh rate 刷新率 n11. remonstrate: v. make a protest 抗议n We remonstrate against his cruelty to

10、old people. 我们抗议他虐待老人。n Remonstrance: n. protest 抗议n The people who make remonstrance against were arrested. 抗议政府的人被逮捕了。n12. tormenting n adj. 使苦恼的；使痛苦的n The very act of concentration seemed to make me more wakeful than ever, and I would pass hours in tormenting sleeplessness.n 高度集中的精力让我比任何时候都清醒，我不得

11、不在折磨人的失眠中捱过几个钟头。n 词根： torment n vt. 折磨，使痛苦；纠缠，作弄n n. 痛苦，苦恼；痛苦的根源n13. vexation n. 苦恼；恼怒；令人烦恼的事n Its an invention of a barbarous age which a blind and ignorant population will accept only to its own vexation, hindrance, and constraint.n 它是只有蛮荒时代愚昧无知的人们才会接受,以自寻烦恼，阻碍，和限制的。n 词根：vexn adj.n vexed 生气的，烦恼的，恼

12、怒的；为难的；焦急的n vexing 令人烦恼的n v. vex 烦恼； 使烦恼；使困惑；使恼怒Background Knowledgen J. B. Priestley, British novelist, playwright, and essayist, noted for his varied output and his ability for shrewd characterization, who wrote prolifically in fiction, drama, biography, the essay and literary and social criticism

13、. Most of his early books were poetry, literary biography and literary criticism. His first book was Brief Diversions. n In 1929, Priestley published The Good Companions. This was the first of many fiction best sellers. Others were: Angel Pavement and Bright Day. Among his most highly regarded theat

14、rical credits were Dangerous Comer, Laburnum Grove, Time and the Conways, I Have Been Here Before, An Inspector Calls and The Linden Tree.Main idea of the textn This lesson is on sleeplessness. Adults without exception suffer from sleeplessness. It is well - known that sleep is vital to ones mental

15、and physical health. Sleep and sleeplessness are not medically and scientifically dwelt on. Instead, sleeplessness is used as an example to illustrate the contrariness of things and the contradictions a man is confronted with. According to the author, a man is a bundle of contradictions and only hum

16、our is the saving grace of us. Those who fall asleep as soon as they get into bed are satirized in a n humorous tone. In his opinion, those who are equipped with an iron will lack human feelings. He points out that there is no lack of human feelings, sympathy or depth in a man who has difficulty in

17、falling asleep. The author thinks he belongs to the latter.短语 (Expressions)n 1. get off: (cause sb to) fall asleep （使某人）入睡n I had great difficulty getting off to sleep last night. 昨天晚上我翻来覆去无法入睡。n She got the baby off to sleep at last. 她终于把婴儿哄睡着了。n 2. cast up: add up； direct upward 加起来；使向上n Ill cast

18、up these figures and tell you the total. 我要把这些数字加起来，然后把总数告诉你。n She cast her eyes up proudly. 她神气活现地把两眼往上一抬。n 3. of no avail: not helpful, not effectiven Their efforts were of no avail. 他们的努力不起作用。n Their attempts to explain were of no avail; she refused to believe them. 他们试着进行解释，但是毫无用处，她不相信他们。n 4. co

19、me upon: meet by chance 偶然遇到，偶然碰到n I came upon him in town last week. 上星期我在城里碰见他。n In reading the Bible, I came upon this verse. 在读圣经时我无意中发现了这一句。n 5. act upon: have an effect on 对起作用；对有效n The music acted stirringly on the emotions of the audience. 音乐使观众情绪激动。n This medicine acts on the heart. 这药对心脏有功

20、效。n 6. thanks to: owing to; as the result to 由于，因为n He passed the exam thanks to the help of the teacher and students. 由于老师合同学的帮助，他通过了考试。n We finished the task ahead of schedule thanks to our hard work. 由于努力工作，我们提前完成了任务。悬垂结构 Dangling Elementn 分词短语在句子中作状语时，其逻辑主语(亦称隐含主语)通常应是整个句子的主语；如果不是，而且其本身也不带自己的主语(

21、如在独立主格结构中)，就被认为是一个语言失误。这个分词就叫做“悬垂分词”(dangling participle)或“无依附分词 ”(unattached participle)。例如：n (1)Getting down from the bus，my ankle was sprainedn (2)Driving to Chicago that night，a sudden thought struck men n (1)悬垂分词 Being Sunday, they went for a picnic. n (2)悬垂不定式 n To swim properly, a course of i

22、nstruction was necessary. n n (3)悬垂简式从句 n When a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him. 词语辨析 (Word analysis)n 1.contrariness, contradictionn contrariness: 形容词contrary的名词形式，用作不可数名词。n contradiction: direct opposition between things compared （不可数名词）矛盾，对立; a statement, action, or

23、fact that contradicts （可数名词）对立的事物n There is no contradiction between my behavior and my principles. 我的行为和我的原则不矛盾。n Thats a flat contradiction of what you said before. 这可和你以前说得恰恰相反。n 2.dark, dimn dark: with no or very little light 黑暗的n Its getting too dark to take photographs. 天色太暗，不能照相。n dim: not br

24、ight, not clearly to be seen 不亮的，朦胧的n We can only see the dim outline of buildings on dark night. 在黑夜里我们只能看到建筑物朦胧的轮廓。n 3.abuse, tormentn abuse: tread badly, ill-treat 虐待n The woman was abused by her husband. 那个女人受到丈夫的虐待。n torment: cause severe suffering to; annoy 使受折磨，n Stop tormenting your father b

25、y asking silly questions. 别在问一些愚蠢的问题折磨你父亲了。n 4.induce, temptn induce: persuade or influence; bring about 劝诱，导致n We couldnt induce the old lady to travel by air. 我们无法劝服老太太乘飞机旅行。n Your illness was induced by overwork. 你的病是工作过度引起的。n tempt: persuade sb to do sth wrong or foolishn He was tempted into making a false step. 他被引诱做了一件傻事。n 5.wonder, meditaten wonder: feel curiously; ask oneself 想知道，自忖n I was wondering how to get there quickly. 我想知道怎么才能很快到达那里。n meditate: think about; consider 想，考虑n He sat there meditating