中考英语名词讲解与练习名师制作优质教学资料

1、名词表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、名词的分类类别意义表示具体的人名、 事物、国家、专有名词地名、机构、团体等的专有名名称可个体表示单个人的人或事物数名词名集合表示一群人或一些事物的总普名词称词通物质不表示无法分为个体的物质名名词词可词数抽象名表示抽象概念的词名词词例词Jim , China, Qingdao, theUK,the Great Wallgirl,student,factory,desk,cat , countrypeople,police,team,clothes,group, crewwater, ice, pork,

2、cheese,cotton, broccolifun,healthy,happiness,courage, love, care注： 1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“ the，”但它不大写。3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了变化。eg. beer（） -a beer （），work （） - a work（）glass（） -a glass （），room （） -a room （）二、 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单

3、、 复数两种形式： 可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或 an”；复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：当名词为：词尾变化读音例词在清辅音后chip s, jeeps, pats , clock s读 /s/一般情况加 s在浊辅音或boys, sharpeners, sofas,元音后读 /z/drawer s以 s,x,ch,sh 结加 es/iz/watches, box es, classes,尾的单词brushes以字母 o 结尾加 s 或 es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos,的单词tomatoes,

4、 potatoes, heroes,以辅音字母 +y去 y 变 i/z/dictionar ies, strawberr ies,结尾的单词加 es以 f 或 fe 结尾去 f 或 fe变 v 加/vz/leaves, wiv es, halv es的单词es以 th 结尾的词加 s/ez/; / z/mouths, paths; month s, deaths2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母eg. man-men, woman women, tooth teeth, foot feet, goose geese, mouse-mice单复数同形 eg. Chinese-

5、Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由 man 和 woman 构成的合成词 , 每个名词都要变复数eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers注意 :有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数( 其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news3. 不

6、可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:a/an,没有复数形式。物质名(1) 同一个词time 时间,变成复数形式- times（, 意义不同。 eg. food）， green 绿色食物 - foods （-greens 青菜），(2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望hardship - hardships 艰苦(3) 物质名词在表示数量时 ,常用某个 量词 +of 来表示eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread,

7、 several bags of rice,三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系“的”。1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾+s。(2) 以 s 结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+(3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后Lucy and Lily s room指. (),有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用eg. Mr. Mott s robot, children s clotheseg. teachers books+ s;如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面+s。of,表示eg.Mrs Green s and Mrs Brown s 指son. ()(4)

8、表示某具体场所时 , 所有格后面的名词可省略eg. the doctor s (office)Mr. Whites2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。eg. the wall of the classroom ， a picture of the bedroom ，(2) 名词的的定语较长时 ,有生命的事物也可用 of 短语表示。eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man(4)双重所有格 eg. the big nose of Tom s；他的一个朋友 _(5)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加s来构成所有格。eg

9、. ten minutes walk, today s newspaper例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1.They got much _ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. newsD. stories2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges3.Every evening M r. King takes a _ tohis home .A. 25 minu

10、tes walkB. 25 minute s walkC. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk4.An old _ wants to see you.A. peopleB. personC. the peopleD. the person5.Help yourself to _.A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples6.Oh, dear. I forgot the two _.A. room s numberB. rooms numbe

11、rC. room numbersD. rooms numbers7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room8._ mothers couldn t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter sB. Mary and Pete rC. Mary s and PeterD. Mary s and Peters9. Li Lei ha

12、s been to _ many times this month.A. her uncleB. her uncle s C. her unclesD. aunt s10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn t _ in teaching.A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot experience11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago.A. youB. yourC. your sisterD. your sist

13、ers12. A group of _ are talking with two _.A. Frenchmen, GermansB. Germans ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen , Frenchmen13.The team _having a meeting .A. isB. areC. amD. be14.“ Would you like _?“”, please.”A. drink, Three coffeesB. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffeeD. a drink, Thre

14、e cups of coffees15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men.A.earth and stone, millions ofB. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million ofD. the earths and stones, millions练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案：1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ wer

15、e ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, livesB. children, lifeC. children, livesD. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young.-OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and motherB. my mother and father'sC. my mother's and father'sD.my father's and my mother3.The new stud

16、ent is in _ , Grade Two.A. Class ThirdB. Third ClassC. Class ThreeD. Three class4.Today is September 10th. It's _ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. TeachersB. Teachers'C. the Teachers'D. Teacher's5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _ bicycle

17、ride.A.half an hours'B. half an hour'sC. half an hourD. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls?- _, please.A.Two cup of coffeeB. Two cups of coffeC. Two cups of coffeeD. Two cups of coffees7.During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _.A. funB. wis

18、hesC. interestD. thanks8.Some _ are flying kites near the river.A. childB. boyC. boysD. childs9.After the exam, we'll have_ holiday.A. two weeksB. two-weeksC. two weeks'D. two week's10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus.A. visitorB. visitorsC. visitor'sD. visitors'

19、11.- How many workers are there in your factory?- There are two _.A. hundredsB. hundredC. hundred ofD. hundreds of12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?- It sounds really wonderful.A. subjectB. musicC. bookD. animal13. There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge.A.

20、 placeB. roomC. fieldD. ground14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. WoolB. PorkC. MuttonD. Milk15.If you don't take more _, you'll get fat.A. medicineB. lessonsC. photosD. exercise16.My school is about twenty _ walk from here.A. minuteB. minutes'C. minutes'sD. minut

21、es17.Mum, I have _ to tell you!A. a good newsB. some good newsC. some good newes D. much good news18.Which is the _ to the post office?A. streetB. wayC. roadD. address19.I stayed at _ last Sunday.A. my unclesB. my uncles'C. my uncle'sD. my uncle's family20.Maths _ not easy to learn.A. areB. isC. amD. were冠词冠词分为不定冠词 (a, an )和定冠词(t