2020年高考英语备考中等生提升系列专题11语法填空(一)学生版

1、专题 11 语法填空（一）词类复习方法与知识中等生在进行了基础知识复习之后，把重点转到：1.熟悉高考题型； 2.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；3. 精选难度适中的训练题。名词命题规律 名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。名词的考查强调语言的情景化，重点考查在特定语境、真实语境中的准确辨析、选择和运用名词的能力。名词短语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命 题的注意点。另外，在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展 和熟词生义的用法。名词的考点归纳：（1）抽象名词具体化： beauty 美、美丽（不可数名词） a beauty 美人、美丽的东西（可数

2、名词） ；experience 经验（不可数名词） an experience 一次经历（可数名词）； surprise 吃惊、惊奇（不可数名词） a surprise 令人吃惊的人或事（可数名词）； honor 荣誉、信誉（不可数名词） an honor 一种光荣的人或事（可数名 词）； failure 失败（不可数名词） a failure/failures 失败的人或事（可数名词）等等。（2）名词短语的固定的搭配： have/gain access to 接近，到达； take into consideration 考虑； take advantage of 利用； in consequ

3、ence of 由于 的缘故 ；put into effect 实行，生效 等等。【考例分析】1.“ Learn through use” is a good piec_e_ o_f （advise） for those who are studying a new language.【答案与解析】 advice 一条建议，此处应用名词形式。2.I'll stop and take a deep .【答案与解析】考查名词。 take a deep breath 深呼吸，喘口气。3.We don't have to take great pains to control wast

4、e, but action and a grateful heart are needed; thank the water that runs through our fingers, and save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water （short）;【答案与解析】 shortage 考查名词。根据句意：为贫穷的因水资源短缺而争斗的阿拉伯国家或非洲国家节 约水，此处应填写 short 的名词形式，故正确词语是 shortage。4. With the （develop） of industry, air

5、 pollution is getting more and more serious.development答案与解析】随着工业的发展，空气污染变得越来越严重。考查名词：发展：5. Air pollution is caused by the following 3: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles.【答案与解析】空气污染是由下面的原因造成的。考查名词“原因 ”reasons6. If everybody realizes the （important） of environment and does something to

6、stop pollution, theproblem will be solved.【答案与解析】如果每个人都注意到环境的重要性。考查名词“重要性 ”：importance【方法总结】 1.介词和动词后面可能缺宾语，这时填名词；2. 考查含有名词的固定短语； 3.句子缺主语时也可能填名词作主语； 4.冠词后面可能填名词； 5 一定要注意名词的单复数形式。代词命题规律一、代词是每年必考，贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识。考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前 提下，强调在具体语境中理解和使用代词。二、不定代词是代词中最重要、句法作用也是最为活跃的部分之一。因而，在复习中要注意总结、归 纳，特别应熟记

7、一批有特点的例句，以加深印象，更加准确地把握其用法。三、平时要多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一 定要重视。代词高考常考点 （1）人称代词：人称代词作主语一般用主格形式，做宾语用宾格形式，作表语用主格形式，做定语用所 有格形式。反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语，作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。特别注意：人称代 词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替 代主格形式。（ 2）反身代词：反身代词在句中可以作 enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce 等动词和 by, for, to

8、 等介词的宾语， 还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。（3）指示代词：指示词有 this, that, these, those 等。注意以下 4点： this, these 是时间或空间上的“近 指”，可与 here 连用； that, those 是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与 there 连用。指上文提到的事一般 用 that ，有时也用 this ，指下文的事只能用 this 。打电话时，用 this 来介绍自己，用 that 来问对方，不 用 I 或 you 。 this 和 that 还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。（ 4）不定代词

9、：表示两者“都”用both ，表示两者“都不”用 neither/nor ，表示两者中的“任一”用either 。表示多者“都”用 all，表示多者“都不”用 none， no one, neither, nobody, nothing 等表示多者中的“任一”用 any。 all 单独使用，或者后接一个定语从句，或者前面有物主代词时，意为everything或 the only thing（s） 。 another 或“ another 单数可数名词”泛指“另一个，有一个，再一个”，其复数 形式是 others 或“ other 复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”，有some others（ 一些

10、另一些 ）之搭配。the other（+ 单数可数名词 ）特指两者中的另一个， 常有 one the other（ 一个另一个 ）的搭配； 其复数形式 the others 或“the other 复数名词”特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，“其余的”“剩下的”人或 物。 another 还可用于“ another 基数词或 few 复数名词”中，与“数词或 some more/other 复数名 词”相当。 everything（ 一切事，最重要的事 ）, everyone =everybody （ 每个人，所有人 ）; something（ 某事，重 要的人或事物 ）, someone =

11、somebody（某/有人，重要的人 ）; anything（什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物 ）, anyone =anybody（ 任何人，无论谁，重要的人 ）; nothing（ 没有东西，什么也没有，不重要的人或事 ）, no one=nobody（ 没有人，不重要的人 ） 等。它们还与别有词构成很多习语，如for nothing（ 徒劳，免费 ），nothingbut（ 仅仅，只不过 ），等等。（ 5）代词 it（they）,one（ones） 和 that（those） 的用法：代词 one 和 it 都可以代替上文中提到的可数名词，但 one 指代的是与上文中提到的同类物 （复数

12、用 ones,主格和宾格相同） ；而 it 指代的是上文提到的同一物品 （复数用 they（主格）和 them （宾格）。 one（ones）和 that（those） 这几个代词都可以代替上文中提到的名 词，但使用时应注意：替代不可数名词时用that,或者省略不用名词，或者重复那个名词，但不可用one 来代替。替代单数可数名词时用 one 和 that 均可，但泛指用 one（相当于 a/an+名词）；特指时用 that （相当 于 the+名词） 。 one（ones）可以有形容词等前置修饰语， 也可以有后置修饰语 （of 短语除外） ；而 that（those） 不能有前置修饰语，它（们

13、）的修饰语只能后置。后跟 of 短语时，一般只能用 that（those） 。 【考例分析】【例 1】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitableChristmas present for her father.【解析】 it 作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语 to choose 。【例 2】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once i

14、n a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please .【解析】 him please him （ 使他高兴 ），填代词；根据句意，此处指代 her father 。【例 3】 He asked his teacher, “ Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ? ”【解析】 it 指前面提到的 “水 （the water） 。”【方法总结】 句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。形容词和副词命题规律形容词与副词主要考查以下几

15、个方面：考查形容词作状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查 一些习语搭配； 与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加 ly 构成的副词的区别； 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 等。另外，在熟练掌握形容词与副词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意一些形容词与副词的基本意义 之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。形容词与副词基本用法： （1）形容词和副词的辨析形容词和副词的辨析主要分为两类：一类是给出语境，让学生填出符合这种语境的形容词或副词；另 一类是形容词或副词的词形变化。近三年常考的有：形容词： appropriate ； conscious； generous ；reasonable ； confide

16、nt ； creative ；grateful ； important ； spare；public ；convenient ；apparent ；unchallenged ；vital ；available ；specific；similar ；available；affordable ； acceptable ； valuable副词： hopefully ；curiously ；occasionally ；gradually thus ；besides ；rather ；otherwise competitively ； recently ； reasonably besides；how

17、ever；therefore ；instead besides；otherwise ；however ；altogether especially；equally；naturally ；normally nevertheless ；besides；otherwise ；therefore especially；regularly ； particularly ； approximately（2）形容词和副词比较等级比较等级的常见句型： 两者比较， 用“比较级 than ”表示。表示 “两者之间较的那个 ”用“ the 比较级 n. of the two n. ”。表示 “越，就越 ”用 “th

18、e 比较级， the 比较级 ”。 as 原级 adj./adv. as .表示 “和一样 ”。 not as/so 原级 adj./adv. as .表示 “不如 ”比较等级前常用的修饰语： a little, a bit, slightly ， much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still 等。 否定词比较级最高级：“否定词比较级”表达最高级含义。【考例分析】【例 1】The teacher replied,“ You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was s

19、imply the container for an act ofkindness and love. Nothing cou ld be （sweet）. ”【解析】 sweeter 句意是 “什么也不会比这更甜 ”=这是世界上最甜的东西。【例 2】 I left it early because I had an appointment （late） that day.解析】 later 指那天晚些时候。【例 3】It might have made it a little （hard） for everybody because it meant they had to turn aro

20、und, but thatdidn 't stop the kids in the class.【解析】 harder 句中 a little 修饰比较级 harder，表示“更难一点”作宾补。 【方法总结】当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最 高级。介词及介词短语命题规律一、对介词句法功能的考查：介词构成的短语，可以在句子中充当定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等； 介词有时在句子中活用为副词，充当状语。二、对常用介词的辨析：介词用法多且复杂，相近的意思又可以有不同的介词表示，介词更着重与动 词、形容词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查，所以要根据

21、语境和交际条件灵活运用介词；同时对常用的介 词要重点进行区别整理。三、对介词短语搭配的考查：介词常和某些形容词、动词和名词联合运用，形成固定搭配，表示各种 不同的意思，只要记住这些固定搭配，准确把握词组的语义。介词与介词短语高考常考点：（1）常见介词的活用by， with ，against， over ，on， in， at， besides， for 等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、 准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握： over 可表位置， 意为“在上方，越过；遮住，盖住 ”，也可表时间，意为“在期间， （多年）以来”等，它还有“在问（题）

22、 上，对 （某事 ） ”等引申意义。 by 的主要意思有“在旁，靠近；乘 （车、船等 ）；不迟于；到为止；被， 由；根据，按照（关系）；通过方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。 by 构成的常见短语有： by and by 不久，迟早；by and large 大体上；by oneself 单独；by the way 顺便说说；by far 得多，最 by chance 碰巧； by accident 偶然地； by means of 借助； by no means 绝不，一点也不； by mistake 错误地。 with 可 以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就 来说；用，以；和，与；对

23、于，关于 ”等意思。 with 还可用来表示原 因。 beyond 表示“时（间）过了，比晚，迟于； （位置）在那边，超出之外； （范围）超过，为所不 及，超出的范围”等意思。（2）介词短语的主要类型 高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用：介词 +名词：on the contrary 相反；in turn 依次；in one 's opinio根n 据某人的看法； in detail 详细地； out of reach 够不着； beyond description 难以描述地； out of question 不成问题； out of

24、the question 不可能。动 词+介词： remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事； rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的 ；result from 由引起； call at 访问(某地)。形容词 +介词： be curious about 对好奇； be proud of 因而自豪； be popular with 受到的 欢迎；be absorbed in 全神贯注于； be enthusiastic about 热衷于。介词短语： apart from 除 之外；in addition to 除之外(还)； because of因为； instead of 代替；i

25、n fear of 为提心吊胆； for fear of 以免；in case of 防备； thanks to 由于； in the middle of 在 中间； according to 根据； in front of 在前面； in return for 作为对 的回报； in charge of 负责； as a result of 作为 的结果； in exchange for 与 交换等 【考例分析】【例 1】 When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to re

26、ward the old woman the trouble.【解析】 forreward sb. for sth. 表示 “因而酬谢 / 报答某人 ”。【例 2】 He did so the next day. He was very tired doing this for a whole day.【解析】 after/from A.用介词 after 表示 “在之后 ”； B. be tired from doing sth. 为“因做某事而累 ”。【例 3】 When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in he

27、r bag, her parents were already table having supper.【解析】 at at table 表示“在进餐”，是习惯搭配。 【方法总结】当 “( +限定词) +名词”或“代+词/doing/ 从 句”在句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。体验高考2015 ·全国卷 Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I 61.(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A fewhours 62.， I'd been at

28、 home in Hong Kong, with 63.(it) choking smog. Here, the air wasclean and fresh, even with the rain.I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64.are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.(painting). Instead, I

29、9;d headedstraight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away 66. car and offers all thescenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo 67.(be) really beautiful. A study of travellers 68.(conduct) by the websiteTripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the

30、world. And the town is fast becoming apopular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it69.(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2015 ·全国卷 The adobe dwellings( 土坯房 ) 61.(build) by the Pue

31、blo Indians of the American Southwest areadmired by even 62. most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, whatmakes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63.(able) to“ air condition” a house without64.(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from

32、the sun on hot days and give outthat heat 65.(slow) during cool nights ， thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls havegiven up their heat and are now cold enough 66. (cool) the house during the hot day; 67. thesame time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 68. (go) day after

33、 day: The walls warm upduring the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset( 抵消 ) for the outside temperatures.As 69.(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70.thick the adobe wallsneeded to be to make the cycle work on most days.模拟新题精选1. 【安徽省合肥一中、芜湖一中

34、等六校教育研究会2016 届高三第一次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容( 1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Tuan was a farmer in Vietnam. For decades, he had been struggling to rid his family of hunger.However, it always confused him 6 1 to expand the output of his crops. This6 2 (disturb)problem led to hisregretting being a farmer. He would rath

35、er have chosen6 3 job.One day, when skimming through a newspaper, Tuan read 6 4 comment on Yuan Longping. He underlined Yuan ' s nationality and occupation, and then 6 5 (focus) on his discovery and the statistics of his research. He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very 6 6 (practice). There

36、fore, he made a summary and began to build up a new farming method. He planted super grain of rich nutrition and equipped6 7 (he) tokeep his crop roots free of bacteria and pests. He also enriched minerals in the soil while6 8 (reduce)chemical fertilizers. Though it cost him more time and freedom, h

37、e was full of hope.The next year, Tuan was sunburnt 6 9 satisfied with his production very much. Thanks to YuanLongping, he not only won the battle7 0 hunger, but he could also export his crops abroad.2. 【安徽省蚌埠市第二中学 2016 届高三 12 月月考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。Many years ago t

38、here was such a child with the name Hokey_61_ father brought home a mirror. Hokeyhad never seen one before so when he saw it for_62_ first time, he didnunderstand _63_' tit was,but he saw another boy in the mirror, which made him very happy, for he thought the boy had come to play with him. He s

39、poke to the stranger in a very friendly way, but received no reply. He laughed and waved at the boy, who did _64_ (exact) the same thing. Then he thought,“I 'll go closer. It may be because he doesnme.” But when he began to talk ,the other boy imitated him.Hokey stopped65_(think) about these str

40、ange actions, saying to himself. ，“This boy is fooling me. Hedoes everything that I do. ” The more he thought about it, the _66_(angry)he became and soon he noticed the boy became very angry too. So Hokey _67_(strike) the boy in the glass, but he only hurt his own hand and went_68_(cry) to his fathe

41、r, who said,you s“awT whea sb _o_y_69_ image. This should teach youan important lesson, my son. You should never show your anger to others. Now remember that in real life when you strike_70_ cause you will hurt yourself most of all.3. 【四川省资阳市 2016 届高三上学期第二次诊断】 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容( 1 个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

42、When youOne sentence from the news in Washington has remained in my mind since a trip last summer:see people run against the crowd escaping 1 the danger, they are 2 (probable) firefighters, police or journalists. ”I think this is most true for the firefighters. Whenever and wherever 3 (disaster) hap

43、pen 9/11 Attacks in New York 14 years ago or the explosion in Tianjin on Wednesday night it is always the firefighters4 take the lead to run to the very center, saving lives by 5 (risk) their own. I cried today near the explosion site, not because of the smoke from the ongoing fire 6 because of a sh

44、ort message a firefighter sent to a trusted friend that went viral online. It reads, my“ fatIhf eI rc aisn not m7 ake( iytou) father; andplease remember 8 (sweep) my mother 's tomb. ” I was thrilled later to learn that he didt .m ake i“ Everyone knows it '9s (danger) to be a firefighter. But

45、 he has always liked it and has done it for 12 years,” his father said.“He survive,d b tuhti sn oti monee knows what 10 (happen) next time. ”4. 【安徽省“皖南八校”2016届高三第二次联考】阅读下列材料，在空白处填人适当的内容(1 个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式。In the middle of April, if you walk through Jinghong, 1 capital of Xishuangbanna region in Yunn

46、an province, 2 (chance) are that you'll get very, very wet. The Dai people will be celebrating their water-splashing (泼 水) festival from April 15 t0 17, marking the new year for the Dai ethnic minority.Lonely Planet, one of the world's3 (large) travel brands, has described what happens: “ Pe

47、ople racearound the streets of Jinghong and the surrounding villages, soaking (浸透) every person _4sight withbuckets of water. 5(tradition), water would be collected and poured only on family members as asymbolic way_6 (ensure) good luck in the coming year. Dai people believe that the wetter you get, theluckier you will be.Although water 7(play)a vital role in the celebration, there is much more to the festival, especiallyduring the first two days8water splashing is comparatively kept under control, according to LonelyPlanet. People wear th