四川对口高考英语教案名词冠词教案

1、攀枝花市华森职业学校导学案内页教学过程学生活动和 补充内容第一轮基础复习英语的词性共有十种：名词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词、动词、形容词、副词和感叹 词。木阶段是ll考第一轮基础复习。主要涉及易发生错误和易影响句子理解的常见的名词、 代词、冠词、形容词、副词、数词和动词等知识进行梳理和分析讲解。第一讲名词（NOUn缩写式为n.）从英语语法角度来讲，表示人、事物、地点、时间或抽象槪念的词，我们通常 称之为名词。如：teacher, desk. Japanese, milk等均为名词。一、名词的分类：专有名词和普通名词英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词主要指人名、地名及 某些类人和

2、事物专有的名称。例如：1）人名：Mary. MrS GreCiL ZhanghUa 2） 地名：Beijing, WeSt Lake 3）某类人的名称:Americans, RUSSianS 4）某些抽 象事物的名称：English, ChineSe 5）月份、周日及节日名称：May, SatUrday, EaSter 6）书名、电影及诗歌的名称：GOne With the Wind 7）对家人等的称 呼：Mum. Dad, UnCIeTOm专有名词的第一个字母要大写。普通名词指的是那些不属于特定的人名、地名、事物名称或概念名称的名 词，这类名词在名词中占绝大多数。例如，family, cla

3、ss, love, knowledge, life, chair, table等。普通名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。二、可数名词及不可数名词可数名词是可以用简单的数诃进行计数的名词，如table, ChaiL book等。不 可数名词指的是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词，如Waten information等 词。2.1常见的不可数名词Weather天气information信息 WOrk工作 news新闻；消息 music音乐 room空间bread 而包advice建议；忠告SPaCe空间2.2注意下列词语在不同含义下词性的不同ChiCken鸡肉（不可数名词） 鸡（可数名词）fish

4、鱼肉（不可数名词）鱼的种类（可数名词）room 空间（不可数名词）房间（可数名词）Orange橙汁（不可数名词）橙子（可数名词）glass玻璃（不可数名词）杯子（可数名词）23可数名词及不可数名词量的表亦方法1 .两种名词都能修饰的数量词有：some, any, Plenty of, a IOt of, IOtS Of 等。例如：PleaSe give me SOme paper.请给我一些纸。I don't Want to boow any magazines 我不想借什么杂志。2用来修饰可数名词的数量词有：many, several, some, a number of, a Pa

5、ir of, a few, few 等。例 如: YOU have made quite a few SPening mistakes in your COmPOSitiOn 你的俄文中有很多拼写错误。SeVeral days later, a group Of StUdentS Went to help the Old man.儿天以后，一群学生去帮助了那位老人。3. 用来修饰不可数名词的数量词有：much, a great deal of, some, a PieCe of, a little, Iittle 等。例如：IWantaPiCCeOfredehdlk.我想要一支红粉笔。PIea

6、Se give her a bit Of bread.请给她一点面包。4. 不可数名词不能用a, an以及数词来表示量的多少,在英语中常借 助于一个可数名词来表示不可数名词的量，例如：a CUP Of Watermilktea 一杯水/奶/茶a glass Of Water 杯水a bottle Of WatermilkOrange 一瓶水/牛奶/橙汁a PieCe Of paperneatnewsmusicbread 一张纸/一块肉/一条消息/一 段音乐/ 一片面包2.4可数名词复数的构成规则可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加s或YS,现将其复数的 一般构成方法及读音列表如下：情况构成方

7、法例词读音1. 一般情况在词尾加-Sdeskdesks mamaps-S在淸 辅音后 发s音day-days grl->grls-S在元 音和浊 辅音后 发Z2.以s, x, ch, Sh结尾的词在词尾加csbus -buses box>boxes WatCh->watches fish>fishesCS发【音3.以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加csfamilyfamilies factoryfactores Party-parties-ies 发iz音day-days boy>boys keykeys-S发Z 音4.以f或fe结尾的词变f或fc为V再加cskn

8、fe-kes Iife->les Wife-whes halfhahes-VeS 发vz音5.以辅音字母加0结尾的词在词尾加esPOtatO-otatoes tonato-tomatoes hero heroes-CS发z音rado-rados zoo-zoos-S发音单数复数同形的词W: SheeP羊fish鱼deer鹿PeOPle A,人们POIiCe警察。通过变化单词中的字母变为复数形式的词有：man-men人，男人 WOmanWOmen 妇 女POliCemanPOliCemen 男 警 察POIiCeWOman-POIiCeWOmen 女警察mouseIniCe 老鼠，鼠标to

9、othteeth 牙齿 Child-ChiIdren 孩子，儿童 footfeet 脚，英尺。复合名词的复数形式：a man teachertwo men teachers a WOmandoctortwo WOnIen doctors三、名词所有格名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主 语。其构成法如下：（1）表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加，s。如：ClIiIdlen,s Day（儿童节）,my SiSter,s book（我姐姐的书）（2）以S或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加,。如：TeaChers, Day（教 师节）（3）有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国

10、家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可 在词尾加3.如：today,s newspaper（今天的报纸）,ten minutes, break（十分钟的课间休 息）,five minutes, Walk 五分钟的步行，ChilIa,s POPUIation（中国的人口）.（4）无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词Of短 语来表示所有关系。如：a friend Of mine.我的一个朋友。表示无生命东西的名词的所有关系，一 般使用与Of构成的短语结构。例如：the front door Of the house那屋子 的前门There is a map Of the WOrId On t

11、he back Wail Of OUr CIaSSrOom.我彳'J教室 的后墙上有一张世界地图。注意：Tom,s and Jim,s +复数名词，意为"Tom和Jim分别所有的。" 两人共有某物时,可以采用AandBM的形式,如：LUCy and Lily,s bedroom（露西和丽丽合住的卧室） “oH名词所有格/名词性物主代词”，称为双重所有格，如：a friendOf my father's（我父亲的一位朋友）,a friend Of mine （我的一位朋友）名词专项练习一、写出下列词的复数1 .book2.bus3.orange4.babv5.

12、bov6.citv7. man8.knife9. watch10.sheep11 .tooth12.leaf13. German14.Chinese15.house二、选择正确的答案()1.Are those?一-No, they aren't. Tlley,reA. SheeP ; COWS B. SheeP ; COWC. SheePS ; COWD SheePS ; COWS( )2.Mum, m quite thi,sty. PIeaSe give meA. two OrangeB. two bottles Of OrangeC. two bottles Orange D. t

13、wo bottles Of OrangeS()3.1 have gotnews from my friend DO you Want to know?A. a Very goodB. AnyC. a PieCe OfD. two PieCeS()4.room is On the 5th floor.A. LUCy and LilyB. LUCy and LilytC. Lucy,s and LiIyD. Lucy's and Lily's()5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes ato his OffiCeA. 20 minutes' Walk

14、 B. 20 minute,s WaIkC. 20-IninUteS WaIk D. 20-minute Walk()6.Jack and TOm areA. good friends B good friend C. a good friend D good a friend ()7.Ifs Only about tenWaIk to the nearest POSt office.A. HIinUteS B. HlinUte,s C. minutes, D. minute()8.He Often hasfor breakfast.A. two breadsB. two PieCe Of b

15、readsC. two PieCeS Of bread D. two PieCeS Of breads()9.Mrs. Green has two TlIey,re Very bnghtA. CIIiIdS B. Child C. CIIildren,s D. ChiIdI,en()10.Wliat did the headmaster Say about Jim,sA. two months IlOliday B. two months, holidayC. two-month holiday D. two month,s IlOIidayS()11.1 won't go there

16、 With you, for I have a IOt Ofto do.A. WOrkS B. jobC. WOrkD WOrking()12.Li Lei is a friend OfA. I SiSter B. my sister's C. me SiSter D my SiSter Of()13.Have VOu read?A. today,s B. today pape,C. the today,s PaPer D today,s paper( )14.How manyare there in the room?A. boxes B. boxC. boxs D. boxxes(

17、)15.Manvhave been built in OUr CitV SinCe 1987A. factorys B. factories C. factoryesD factorys()16.There are IOtS Ofin the basket On the table.A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D tomatoss()17.The Cat CaUght twoIaSt night.A. mOUSeS B. miceC. mouse D. mices( )18.Jack Went to have twoPUlled OUt yesterday

18、 afternoonA. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes()19.In OUr SChOOl there are fifty-fiveA. WOmen teachersB. WOman teachersC. WOmen teacherD. woman's teacher()20.The threeWiil be PUt into PriSOn.A. tliefs B. thiefC. thieves D. thiefs,第二讲专题复习冠词冠词概述：冠词有定冠词the和不定冠词a、an两种：1. 不定冠词的基本用法：(1) 不定冠词有a和an两种：

19、a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元 音音素开头的词前；(2) 用于第一次提到的人或者事物名称前。I SaW a boy OVer there.(3) 用来指一类人或者事物中的任何一个。相当于any.I Want to buy an EngliSh book.(4) 指不明确的某个人或者物。A man is Waiting for you at the gate.(5) 不定冠词含有“一”的意思，但数量观念没有One强烈I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.(6) a+序数词；表示“又一，再一”The Cake is delicious,and I WOUId

20、 Iike a SeCOnd one.(7) 用在 such,quite,rather,half,what 等词之后(8) 用在某些固定词组中CatChhaveget a COId 感冒 take a Seat 参加考试 make a IiVing 谋生 have a good time玩的高兴make a IniStake 犯错误2. 定冠词的用法：(1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。DO you know the boy in red?(2) 指双方都知道的人或事物GiVe me the book.(3) 指上文提到的人或事物。(4) 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如:The SUn i

21、s bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大些。(5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：The first island is the biggest Of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。(6) 用于乐器前面。Play the PianO(7) 用在形容词前表示一类人，the+形容词指的是一群人，通常用复数。the rich the poor, the old; the young(8) 用在姓氏前指一家人或者夫妇。The SmithS(9) 用在序数词及形容词或副词的最高级前。(10) 与某些名词所有格连用时表示“在处"at the doctor,

22、s(11) 用于一些固定结构All the time 总是at the Same time 同时in the end 最终 by the Way 顺便一说3零冠词的用法(1) 在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词The desk is made Of wood.(2) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England TChinaMaryLilei Mr.Green(3) .在星期、月份，季节等名词前；SUnday MarCh SUmmer Winter(4) 名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this, my, that, those, these, her): this morn

23、ingmy Penyour WatChWhOSe bike 笃:(5) 在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：have breakfastPlay CheSSPlay basketball(注意 在乐器前必须加定冠词如弹钢琴Play the PianO Play the ViOlin)(6) 当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词； by bus by train by Car by air by bike by Plane(注意如果用介词On表示乘坐交通工具必须用a或an来表示如in a bus On a bike 等)(7) 有些个体名词不用冠词；如：SChOOl,

24、COllege, prison, market, hospital, bed table, class, town, ChUrCh, COUrt等个体名词,直接置于介词后, 表示该名词的深层含义；go to hospital去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)随堂小练1Warm idea SUddenIV CanIe to me that I niisht USePOCketmoney to buy a gift for my fatle, on FatIIer,s Day.A. A; the B. The; the C. The; / D.

25、/; the2.OId Inan behind MarV isUniVerSitV teacher.A. An; an B. A; the C. The; a D. The; an备考英语冠词考点归纳不定冠词大总结通过不定冠词的总结复习，掌握其五大考点。考点1：区分a/an考点2：基本用法：“泛指/每/一/类”考点3：特殊用法：aan+序数词二“又一，再一”a n. and n.(一体)vs.a n. and a n.(两者)考点4： a/an固定词组考点5： a/an在句中的位置：such, what, many, half后1. - What is Mr. Liu?-He is.A. a

26、POet and novelist B. a POet and a novelist C. POet and novelist D. the POet and novelist2. -WOUId you Iike to haveWaIk With me after dinner?-SUreA. aB. anC. theD. /备战中考英语冠词考点归纳定冠词基本用法归纳归纳总结并掌握中考定冠词的基本用法。the表特指旧事重提你知我知表示一类Only序数最高级1. -Where may you advise me to Start my business?-In mv opinion. YiCha

27、n2 isOne Ofbest PlaCeS for vou.A. the; theB. /; theC. the; /D. /; /2. TOdaV isSUndaV It isfirst day OfWeekA. the; the; theB. a; the; theC. /; the; a D. /; a; the备战中考英语冠词考点归纳定冠词特殊用法归纳归纳总结并掌握中考定冠词的特殊用法。大好山河独一无二普名变专年代年龄弹奏乐器姓复一家1 He WaS born in SO he is inA. the 1980; his twentiesB. the 1980; twentiesC

28、eighties; his twentyD. the 1980s; his twenties2. It is Said thatmoves aroundA. the sun; a earth B. the sun; the earth C. a earth; a SUn D the earth; the SUn备战中考英语冠词考点归纳定冠词词组句型大汇总归纳总结并学会应用定冠词的词组及句型。1. 定冠词词组汇总2. 定冠词句型汇总1. I WaS SeatedOf the train SO that I COUId See everything On the way.A. at the bac

29、k B. in the back C. in front Of D. in the front Of2. m going to See my mother. She is illA. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D at a hospital备战中考英语冠词考点归纳零冠词情况汇总归纳总结并掌握中考中零冠词的用法。1. 零冠词+不可数名词/可数名词复数/专有名词2. 特殊情况：月份星期 打球下棋 一日三餐称呼头衔颜色学科某些节日已有修饰1 TO keep healthy. VOU ShOUId haveevery morning

30、A. a breakfast B. the breakfast C. BreakfaStS D. breakfast2. TOmmy,s boss PrOmiSed to make himOf the company.A. a manager B. the Inanager C. ManagerS D manager备战中考英语冠词考点归纳综合运用(1)通过习题，复习巩固并掌握冠词在中考中的用法。通过习题，回顾中考冠词的用法。1. ThiS isSOlIg ve told YOU about. ISIft itbeautifil one?A. the; the B. a; a C. the;

31、a D a; the2. There is a desk in his bedroOm. Ondesk, there isPenCikbOXA. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a备战中考英语冠词考点归纳综合运用(2)通过习题，复习巩固并掌握冠词在中考中的用法。通过习题，回顾中考冠词的用法。1 exciting news! We Wiil haveIOng holiday after the examA. What an; a B. What; a C. HOW an; the D. How; the2. LOOk atSkilt I bought it

32、for MOnl onMother9S Day. ISIIY itnice?A. a; the B. an; / C. the; / D. /; the例1名词前使用冠词的区分。(2015-江苏扬州 1 1 分)一HaVe you Seen film Where are We Going,Dad?Yesjfsinteresting film!A. a;the B. the;an C. a;an D. the;the【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。因为上面是特指这部电影,用定冠词the; 而下句指的是一部有趣的电影,乂因为interesting是以元音音素开头的单 词,所以这里用不定冠词ano【答案

33、】B例2定冠词和不定冠词的运用。（2015-四川达州21 1 分）一LookJThere is a monkey eating apple in the tree. En,monkey is Very cute.A. a;a B. a;the C. an;an D. an;the【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。apple是以元音因素开头的单数名词,之 前应该用不定冠词an;monkey是第二次提到,应该用定冠词。【答案】D例3不定冠词an的用法。（2015-山东滨州21 1 分一Look!Who'sboy OVer there? h,he is my COUSin,Bob. He isho

34、nest boy.A. a;the B. the;a C. the;an D. a;an【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。句意：看!那边的那个男孩是谁？ 哦,是我堂弟鲍伯。他是 个诚实的孩子。定冠词the表示特指,那边的那 个,而不是其他地方的那个。honest以元音音素开头,故前面用ano【答案】C例4不使用冠词的情况。（2015-江苏模拟 1 分）Many PeOPIe are Stiil inhabit Of Wnting SilIythings inPUbliC places.A. the;the B.不填;不填C. the;不填 D.不填;the【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。be in th

35、e habit是固定搭配,有定冠词。 第二空没有冠词,表泛指,没有指定哪个公共场所。【答案】C例5习惯用法。（2015 LLl 东荷泽 1 分）Doing IOtS Of IiStening PraCtiCe is One OfbestWayS Of becominggood IangUage learner.A. the;the B. the;aC.不填;a D. the;不填【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。因为One of+最高级是固定结构,所以前 面的空格用the;而后面泛指要成为一个好的语言学习者,所以后面空格处 用不定冠词a。【答案】B强化练习1. （2015-四川成都31）I'

36、m 20ing to bebasketball PIaVer.A. the B. aC. an2. （2015陕西 1 分）1 hadUnUSUal day On mv IaSt SChOOl trip.A. aB. an C. / D. the3（2015甘肃白银 1 分）一What'smatter WitIl you?I havetoothacheA. a;the B. the;/ C. /;a D. the;a4. （2015浙江湖州 1 分）Who isVOUng IadV With CUrIV blonde hair?A. aB. an C. the D. /5. （2015

37、浙江温州 1 分）Cathv WaS VerV happv to IneetOld friend Onthe Plane to PariSA. aB. an C. the D. /6. （2015浙江温州 1 分一What,s the matter With you?I can,t remember Where I Parkedcar.A. aB. an C. the D. /7. （2015重庆 C 1 分）1 haveEnsIish dictionary and it helps me a lot.A. aB. an C. the D. /8. （2015浙江丽水1 分）Mr SnIith

38、 has8-vear-old daughter WhO hasWOn two national Painting PriZeSA. aB. an C. the D.不填9. （2015浙江绍兴1 分）Mv brother Fred WOke UP Withbadheadache,yet by the evening the Pain had goneA. aB. an C. the D.不填10. （2015浙江台州1 分一What do you think Of the new movie The MOnkey King,Sally?It'sfmy one.A. aB. an C.

39、the D.不填11. （2015 Iil 东泰安 1 分一ISred bag Under the table VOUrSJean?No. I OnIy haveyellow bag. Maybe ifs Julia'sA. a;the B. the;a C. a;a D. the;the12. （2015 LLJ 东威海 1 分）Mom.I Iikesreen T-shirt. COUId VOU buv itfor me?A. aB. an C. the D.不填13. （2015山东聊城 1 分）一Damillg,what,s your dream?I Want to beeng

40、ineer SOme dav.A. aB. an C. the D.不填14. （2015 Iil 东潍坊1 分）Reading Can make VOU becomeexpert and Change your IifeA. aB. an C.不填D the15. （2015 贵州黔西南 1 分）HOW wasdimer at Mike ,s house?It WaS great Mike,s mum isWOnderfiIl COOkA. a;the B. the;a C. the;the D. a;an16. （2015河南21 1 分）一Whatheavy rain it was!Ye

41、s,but I IOVeair after it rains. It SmenS SO fresh.A. the;a B. a;the C. the;the D. a;a17. （2015重庆B 1 分）Jolin isfamous singer. She has a IOt Of fans.A. aB. an C. the D./18. （2015浙江杭州1 分一MV COUSin Went abroad atage Ofeighteen.A. aB. an C. the D.不填19. （2015四川宜宾1 分）1 tlik EngIiSh isUSefUl IanglIage,and it,salsoimportant Ian