考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1998年part4

1、考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析 -1998 年 part4Part FourEmerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.This development - and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years

2、 ahead - has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting.Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people - numerically the third largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so,

3、 that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.Americans have been migrating south and west in larger number since World War II, and the pattern still prevails.Three sun belt states - Florida, Texas and California - together had nearly 10 m

4、illion more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th - with Cleveland and Washington.DC,dropping out of the top 10.Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say, Nons

5、top waves of immigrants played a role, too - and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's "baby boom" generation reached its child bearing years.Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans appa

6、rently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances-Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate - 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest o

7、f all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except fro Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people - about 9 per square mile.The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.Nowhere do 1980 census

8、statistics dramatize more the American search for spaciousliving than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its populationin the 1970s, more than any other state.In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they chos

9、e - and still are choosing - somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent - little more than two thirds the 1960s grow

10、th figure and considerably below that of other Western states.13. Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in 1970s .A) enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in historyB) witnessed a southwestern shift of populationC) underwent an unparallele

11、d period of population growthD) brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War II14. The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that .A) it stresses the climatic influence on population distributionB) it highlights the contribution of continuous

12、 waves of immigrantsC) it reveals the Americans' new pursuit of spacious livingD) it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday's "baby boom"15. We can see from the available statistics that .A) California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole USB) the top 10 states

13、 in growth rate of population were all located in the WestC) cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migrationD) Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population16. The word "demographers"(Line 1, Paragraph 8 ) most probably means A) people in favor of th

14、e trend of democracyB) advocates of migration between statesC) scientists engaged in the study of populationD) conservatives clinging to old patterns of lifeUnit5 1998 Part 4重点词汇：1. standstilln.停止；停顿的j stand+still 。2. enthrone使登基；给予地位即en+throne , en-前缀使，throne 宝座；王权。3. numerically 在数字上即 numer+ical+l

15、y ， numer=number b 脱落， -ical 形容词后 缀， -ly 副词后缀。4. prevail v.取胜； 盛行j pre+vail 。 I believe that man will not merely endure.He will prevail. 我相信人不会仅仅是忍受，他终将胜利。 Culture has one great passion- the passion for sweetness and light.5. non stop?不断的；不停地J non+stop。6. demographer 人口统计学家即 demo+graph+er, demo词根人 ，

16、graph 词根写，-er 表" 人"；7. overcrowdedness 过于拥挤J over+crowd+ed+ness 。 Ant says, nothing can beat the crowd. 蚂蚁说，群体是不可战胜的。8. plague瘟疫；灾害谐音：怕累咯J怕 瘟疫累及自身。Bad habits are as infectiousby example as the plague itself is by contact.恶习易于由实例传播，就像瘟疫的传播借助于接触。 urbanization 都市化即 urban+iz e +ation ， urban 都

17、市的， -ize" 使"，-ation 名词后缀。9. discernv.认出；辨另U J dis+cern 。 The beginning of all war may be discerned notonly by the first act of hostility, but by the counsels and preparations foregoing.一切战争的开端不仅可由首次敌对行动区分，也可由事前的筹划和准备识另。10. distinguish v.区另U ； indistinguishablea.不能区别的J in+distinguish+ableWe

18、 drink without thirst, and we make love any time, madame. Only this distinguishes us from the other animals. 我们不渴而饮，随时示爱，夫人。使我们与其它动物相区别的只有这一点。unanimously 无异议地即 un i +anim+ous+ly , uni-" ", anim 词根"生命；精神如animal宀anim+al宀动物，-ous形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀，在精神上一致 地"t无异议地。难句解析： Emerging from the 19

19、80 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches anear standstill.这是主从复合句， 逗号前面是主句， 是个倒装句， 主干句其实是 The picture is emerging from the 1988 census 。倒装的原因是这个句子的主语 the picture 后面有一个 of 引导的很长的 修饰成分， 其中 nation 后面跟随的

20、分词短语表述了 nation 的某种状态； 逗号后面是 as 引导 的从句表示伴随，根本结构是 population growth reaches a standstill。认识到第一个分句的倒装构成， nation 后面的分词结构是对 nation 的表述；再者就是要搞 清楚两个分句之间并列转折的关系。 This development - and its strong implication for USpolitics and economy in years ahead - has enthroned the South as America's most densely po

21、pulated region for thefirst time in the history of the nation's head counting.首先不看破折号之间的内容，找出这个句子的主干： This development has enthroned theSouth as region 。再看各个局部的修饰成分：主语后面的破折号之间是对主语的补充，即this development 产生的另一种暗示，注意其中介词 for 和 in 的用法；然后看 region 后面 的状语 for the first time in the history有史以来第一次 。enthro

22、ne 和 head counting 对这个注意破折号之间的插入局部在意义上是主语的补充局部； 句子的理解很关键。注意 head counting 是 census 通俗的说法。 Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too - and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's "baby boom" generation reached its child-bearing years.这是由两个分句组成的并列句，只不过第二个分句简化了一下。第一个分句很简单，主干是 im

23、migrants played a role 。主语 immigrants 前面是其修饰成分。第二个分句是个主从复合 句，主句是倒装形式，复原过来应该是Bigger crops of babies also played a role。因为前面已经提到了 played a role ，为了简洁，用 so 前导，后跟助动词 did 加主语就可以了； as 引导了一个原因状语从句，指出这种情况发生的社会原因。关键是要理解破折号后面倒装句的构成与意义，这样就会明白这个句子要说明的就是影响人 口增长的两个原因： immigrants 和 bigger crops of babies，crop 在这里是

24、 " 大量，大批 "的意思。 Often they choose - and still are choosing - somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.我们先来分析这个单句的主干结构： They choose and are still choosing colder climates in order to escape.

25、。注意破折号之间是谓语动词的补充，表示另一种时间状态。在climates 后面跟的是 such as 引导的三个州名，列举的是较为寒冷的几个州；后面是一个由 in order to 引导的表示目的的短语，其中 escape 的宾语有三个： smog， crime and other plagues ， of 短语修饰 plagues ，说明 plagues 发生的原因。在时态上注意同一个谓语动词 choose 的两种时态，表示的两个时间概念；短语 the Golden State 是美国加利福尼亚州的别称。 As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1