Summary-Writing..

1、 Summary Writing Uses of Summary Writing Improving reading comprehension Improving compositon writing Practical usesPage 32-351. What is a summary?2. What is the first thing to do before writing a summary? 3. How long should a summary be?4. Can you quote from the original passage?5. What order shoul

2、d a summary take?6. What are the methods of compressing?7. What words are suitable for a summary, general or specific?8. What transitions should be adopted?9. How do you deal with the dialogues when you make a summary?patchworkpatchwork of farms and woodlandsRevision Content Length Spelling & Gr

3、ammar Punctuation LanguageExercises Rewrite the sentences according to the skills of condensation.(1)Use synonyms or synonymous phrases同义替换法同义替换法I didnt catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.I didnt catch any fish_ I was not patient.becauseUse synonyms or synonymous phrasesHe had a

4、 good command of English. He knew English well.(2)Adopt the opposite way 正话反说法正话反说法You will not succeed.You will _. fail(3)Change the part of speech词性转换法词性转换法Patience is of great importance.Patience is _.greatly importantChange the part of speechMy brother has an appreciation of modern art.My brothe

5、r appreciates modern art.(4)Change the structure of a sentence句式变化法句式变化法Parents should give children more praise.Children should_more praise.be givenChildren should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster.Children should be encouraged more, _ will help them learn faster.Children are giv

6、en more praise. They will achieve more success.When _, children will achieve more success.which given more praiseHe received a welcome that was as cold as ice.He received an icy welcome.(5)Use the shortest possible transitions连词衔接法连词衔接法 注意使用一些短而精的连词，如注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then,

7、 thus, yet, for, therefore, including, instead of 等。等。 We should encourage children. We should not scold them.We should encourage children_ scolding them.instead ofHurry up. If you dont, youll miss the train.Hurry up _ youll miss the train.or(6) Omit the details细节省略法细节省略法Dont always scold and give l

8、ots of praise instead. Dont scold and give praise instead.(7) Make use of the meaning of a sentence句意理解法句意理解法Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular._More and more people prefer Internet shopping.More Exercises1-10(Handout)1.I wont go to the party if I am not invited. I wont go to

9、the party _ invited. unless2.Since she is very interested in English, she wants to be an English teacher. _ _ _ _, she wants to be an English teacher.Being interested in English3.The man is talking with a lady. He gave us a talk last week. The man _ gave us a talk last week _ _ with a lady.【答案】【答案】w

10、ho ; is talking 4.He didnt want to miss the first bus, so he got up early. He got up early _ _ he could catch the first bus.【答案】【答案】so that5.“Did you sleep well last night?” David asked her. David asked her _ _ _ well last night.【答案】【答案】whether she slept 6.John will go to bed after he finished his h

11、omework. John _ go to bed _ he finished his homework.【答案】【答案】wont; until7. We want to ask for help from our teacher. We can ask for help from our teacher.We can ask for help from our teacher_ we want to.【答案】【答案】 whenever8. You can think of a way to manage your temper. Here are some tips:1) We should

12、 try to calm down and figure out what we are really upset about. 2) Keep a diary. It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. 3) We can try to talk with our best friends to release stressful emotions. Summary: There are many tips for you to control your temper (such as thinking

13、, keeping a diary and talking to friends).9. Nowadays more and more teenagers try to be more independent from their parents and sometimes become very rebellious. They always want to wear long and strange hair style, which their parents complain about a lot. They also spend too much time on the Inter

14、net and playing computer games.Summary: Skill _ Nowadays, there is an increasing tendency that teenagers try to behave independently and rebelliously (such as wearing odd hairstyle or addicting themselves to computers).Omit(省略省略) the details10. If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of fai

15、lure, they will learn faster and achieve success at last.Encourage your children and they will make more progress and succeed.句意理解法句意理解法同义替换法同义替换法词性转换法词性转换法细节省略法细节省略法Exercises11-12Passage SummariesNarrationArgumentationSummarizing a narrativeGet the information of six elements Combine them smoothly

16、Form a summary.narrationelements of a narrative passage whowhenwhere What (event)How (process)why Passage 1 I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes.

17、 Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to go water-skiing alone, I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible. The lake seemed broad and endless, I was so thrilled to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat.

18、Then, after some time, I found myself in the middle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I didnt know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but find my way back. It was useless for me

19、 to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified that I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water helpless and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if

20、I was hurt, I couldnt say a word but cried out in my fathers arms.whowhenwherewhatwhyhowresultwhat to learn材料分析材料分析“I”two years agoa trip to a big lake in Indonesiagot lostwent to water-skiing alone,too thrilledfather came to her my summary Two years ago I was on a trip to a lake where I went to wat

21、er-skiing alone. I was so excited and enjoyed myself that soon I got lost. Fortunately, my father came to rescue me.Passage 2 Everyone has an experience they would rather forget. Some are embarrassing, some are moving, and some teach us a lesson. Here is a story of mine. Last Sunday I went fishing.

22、After setting up my fishing rod（钓鱼竿）（钓鱼竿） with bait（鱼饵）（鱼饵）, I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later, I didnt catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff（收拾东西）（收拾东西）, preparing to go back home. Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his basket

23、 was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know why. “Excuse me, but how long have you sat here?” I asked. “About four hours,” he answered. “Four hours?” I couldnt believe my ears. “Yes. Its very important to be patient,” the old man said. “ Dont consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy

24、 it.” Suddenly, I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait, but I didnt move and waited for the right moment to reel it in（卷收钓鱼线）（卷收钓鱼线）. At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours

25、, I caught over 10 fish. On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience. whowhenwherewhatwhyhowresultwhat to learn材料分析材料分析I,an old manon the bank of the lakewas taught a lesson by an old mancaught over 10 fish when going fishing

26、last SundayPatience is important./Patience is the secret of success. Last Sunday I went to a lake for fishing and was taught an unforgettable lesson by an old man. I realized the importance of patience and finally got some fish.my summary Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college.

27、The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able

28、to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick. Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love itgood facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The students Union organizes various parties ev

29、ery week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs. One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground.Passag

30、e 3 the six elements of a narrative passage who When/where /What How (process)At first: Then: At last: why MikeHis first year of collegetoughestadjustmentgot used to itlove the college lifeGet himself active in thingsArgumentationThe elements of an argumentation1. a strong statement of opinion the t

31、hesis or topic sentences2. support for the opinionsupporting evidences or facts3. the purpose of the passageconclusion/suggestions.1. Find out the topic sentences/ key phrases.2. Find out the supporting evidences or facts.3. Find out the words or phrases that appear most frequently.4. Find out the c

32、onclusion or suggestionsHow to summarize an argumentation? Getting up early has been regard as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. I

33、n fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day. If we do some morning exercise

34、 or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us re

35、member getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.1. A strong statement of opinion. (the key idea):Getting up early /a good habit /of great importance 2. Support for the opinion (supporting sentence

36、s) a better memorya better memory a healthier body a healthier body a better preparation for the day a better preparation for the day3. Conclusion/suggestions.a good habit / benefit a lot/ benefit a lot Getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot. It enables us to have

37、 a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.My summaryAnother pattern of argumentation summariesWriters ViewNegative PointIf a person is dishonest, he will get _ but will be _ and _.Positive PointAn honest person will earn _ and _.Conclusion: Let children learn to judge their

38、 own work.Children learn by comparing their behaviors with those of more skilled people.In schools teachers never give a child a chance to find out mistakes, and that makes children become dependent.Let children learn to work out the problems on their own.Possible Version Children learn by comparing

39、 the ways they behave with those of skilled people. But in school, teachers usually point out mistakes for the children, which makes them dependent on the teachers. We should let children learn to work out the problems on their own.how to summarize the whole passage段意合并法段意合并法 要素串联法要素串联法 主题概括法主题概括法正反

40、列举法正反列举法 Passage 7 It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there w

41、hen a sarcastic voice below said, “I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.” I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, “ I enjoy cleaning windows at night.” “So do I,” answered the pol

42、iceman in the same tone. “Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station?” “Well, Id prefer to stay here,” I said. “ You see, Ive forgotten my key.” “Your what?” he called. “My key,” I shouted. Fortunately, the shouting w

43、oke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me. Summary:On arriving home _ in the morning, the writer failed to wake up _ by the doorbell. He tried to _, but was found by_. Fortunately _.(40 words) Skill: 要素串联法（常用于记叙文）要素串联法（常用于记叙文） at about twohis wifeclim

44、b towards the bedroom windowa policemanhis shouting woke his wifePassage 8 Advertising can be a service to customers. This is true when advertisements give reliable information about the goods advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a sensible choice when he buys something.

45、 It is useful in that it lets him know of the kinds of goods in the shops. Printed advertisements do this job best. Customers can collect them and compare them. They can be taken along to the shops and their statements can be checked against and actual goods in the shops. Some advertisements are not

46、 very useful to the customers. Instead of helping the customer to satisfy his real needs, they set out to make him want things. They set out to make us believe that what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier, more handsome, if only we use it. The voice on TV says, “ Getaway people use XYZ p

47、etrol.” The screen shows a picture of petrol pump for a fast expensive car owned by a boy with a pretty girlfriend. They drive off to the wonderful country or a lovely beach. Some people may feel that clever, successful people use XYZ petrol. Some might choose that petrol every time they fill up the

48、ir cars. The author in the passage argues that advertising is _ because _. However, it can also _because _. 正反列举法正反列举法 of great benefit to the customers they can make wise choices with its help. be misleading ads are made to appeal to customers emotions.Summary: Advertising can be useful when it pro

49、vides customers with _, while some advertisements are not _ as they are produced only to persuade customers to buy_. Skill:段意合并法段意合并法 (topic sentences or (topic sentences or key words)key words) reliable informationwhat they dont needthe casePassage 9 Students should think now about what extracurric

50、ular (课外的) activities theyd like to participate in. Participating in extracurricular activities may help you deepen your physical, creative, social, political, and career interests by bringing you into communication with other like-minded people you didnt previously know. You can join groups as a wa

51、y to get support from other students. A club or group can also be a great way to meet people who are different from you. Lots of youth programs bring people together with those who are different as a way to break down the barriers between people. Participating in extracurricular activities helps you in other ways, too. It looks good on college and job applications and shows admissions officers and employers youre well