9-情态动词—专升本复习

1、情态动词情态动词常用的情态动词常用的情态动词can （could）may（might）shall（should）will （would） must（must）dare （dared）need （need）have to ought to be able toused toThe feature（特点）（特点） of the modal verbs: 1. 情态动词本身有词义情态动词本身有词义, 但词义不完全但词义不完全. 2. 不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语只能和动词原形一起构成谓语. 3. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化情态动词没有人称和数的变化( 除除“have to

2、”). 4. 没有没有不定式不定式、V-ing 、V-ed 形式形式. He can/could/must/may/might/shall/ should/need/dare/dared/will/would/ought to/ used to + work in that factory.He has to go home now.He had to look after his sick mother.在情态动词的使用中在情态动词的使用中, , 我们要注意以下考点我们要注意以下考点: :1. 情态动词的基本用法。情态动词的基本用法。2. 情态动词情态动词+have +P.P的用法。的用法。

3、3. 情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。4. 情态动词的反意疑问句的用法。情态动词的反意疑问句的用法。5. 情态动词特殊短语的用法。情态动词特殊短语的用法。6. 情态动词表推测的用法归纳情态动词表推测的用法归纳1.表表“能力能力”Can you lift this heavy box?I couldnt understand what he said at all.注意：注意：be able to 表示经过一番努力后,才能做得到的“能力”.且有多种时态. 表示成功完成某表示成功完成某一具体工作时，用一具体工作时，用was/were able to, 而不用而不用could

4、.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get outA. had to B. would C. could D. was able to can ,could的用法的用法2.表“请求请求,许可许可”could用来表示请求的时候比用来表示请求的时候比can 更委婉更委婉Can you help me with my English?He said I could borrow his bike.Could I use your bike? Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes

5、, of course you _A. might B. will C. can D. should3.表“可能性可能性”can ,could 用在用在肯定句肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，中表示理论上的可能性，“经验之谈经验之谈”As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.can ,could用在用在疑问句疑问句中表推测中表推测,表示可能性表示可能性What on earth can this mean? can ,could用在用在否定句否定句中表推测，翻译成中表推测，翻译成“不不可能可能 ”We thought the story couldnt

6、be true. 1. Mary _ be in Paris， ，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago A mustnt B cant C shouldnt D may not2. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would1.表表“询问询问” (might比用比用may更客气更客气.) May I ? (=Can I ?)Might I ? (=Could I ?)May I borrow your bo

7、ok?may与与might用法用法May I pick a flower in the garden? _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wont注意：注意：may I ? 的答语的答语.肯定肯定: Yes, you may . 否定否定: No, you mustnt (语气强硬语气强硬) No, you may not. 或或 No, youd better not.2.表表“许可许可”You may take the boy thereHe said that I might use his

8、 telephone. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. could3.表表推测推测，表示主观上的推测，表示主观上的推测，“可能，可能，也许也许”，不用于疑问句不用于疑问句, might比比may的可能性更小的可能性更小She may not like this place. Im afraid he might not like this place. Peter come with us tonight， ，but he isnt very sure yet A must B may

9、C can D will 1.must 表示主观上的表示主观上的必须必须，应该应该，没有时态，没有时态变化。变化。 You must do everything as I do.注意注意:Must I finish my homework today? Yes, you must. No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.must 的用法的用法“必须必须、不得不不得不”must表示的是说话人的主观看法。表示的是说话人的主观看法。 have to 表示的是客观需要。（表示的是客观需要。（是由于某种外是由于某种外界界（客观）原因而（客观）原因而“必须必须”，“

10、不得不不得不”做某做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须必须”做。）做。）(have got to)have to的否定形式表示的否定形式表示不必不必。have to可用于可用于多种时态中。多种时态中。 You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.I have to be at my office every evening.1. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your l

11、uggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will2. Must he come to sign this paper himself? Yes, he _. A. need B. must C. may D. will3. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must2. must表示肯定的推测表示肯定的推测,常指有根

12、据的、比较常指有根据的、比较有把握的推测有把握的推测。 The light is still on, so he must be at home.Look at his new car. He _ have a lot of money.A. should B. shall C. may D. must3.must表示表示“一定要一定要”、“坚持坚持” “偏要偏要”、“偏偏偏偏” 。表。表示与说话人的愿望相反示与说话人的愿望相反. If you must go，at least wait till the storm is overMust you make so much noise？你偏要

13、弄出那么？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？多噪音？May I smoke here ? If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must4. mustnt 表示表示禁止禁止做某事。做某事。 You mustnt smoke in the office.When I was young , I was told that I _ play with matches. A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darentshall作作助动词助动词，只用于第一人称，表示

14、将来，只用于第一人称，表示将来，should 是是shall 的过去式的过去式We shall start for Beijing tomorrow.shall作作情态动词情态动词1： 用于用于第一人称第一人称和和第三人称第三人称，表示征求对，表示征求对方意见或请求指示方意见或请求指示 Shall we begin our lesson? Shall I/she sit here?shall与与should用法用法-Sir, _ he go or stay?-Let him go.A. will B. shall C. might D. could2: shall 用于用于第二第二、三人称三人

15、称，表示说话人的，表示说话人的允诺允诺、警告、威胁、命令、决心、警告、威胁、命令、决心等。等。You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted. You shall have a nice present for your birthday. You shall be sorry for what you have done. When he comes in nobody shall say a word. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.(

16、允诺允诺)(允诺允诺)(警告警告)(命令命令)(决心决心)1. It has been announced that candidates(候选候选人人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall2. Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A. shant B.

17、might not C. neednt D. shouldnt3). shall用于用于条约，规定，规章条约，规定，规章等文件等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。“The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.A. may B. should C. must D. shall 1. should= ought to 表示劝告，建议，意表示劝告，建议，意为为“应该应该”，ought

18、to 语气更强些，强调语气更强些，强调“有责任，有有责任，有义务做义务做”，否定形式：否定形式：ought not to/oughtnt toA: Ill start the work tomorrow.B: I think you should start today.C: No, you ought to start at once. (语气更强）语气更强） should / ought to的否定形式表示的否定形式表示“不应该不应该”Children shouldnt smoke.Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

19、It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A.will B. would C. should D. mustWhat time ought I _?Aarrived Barriving Carrive Dto arriveHe _ speak to his mother like that.Aought not to Bdoesnt ought to Cnot ought to Dought to not2. should 可表示说话人的感情如可表示说话人的感情如 “惊奇惊奇” “愤怒愤怒” “失望失望” “不满不满”等，翻译为等，翻译为“竟然，竟然，居

20、然居然”I dont believe that the little girl should speak two different languages! 我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！I cant believe my eyes. Such well-educatedgentleman _ behave like this!A.would B. should C. can D. must3. should表表推测推测, 意为意为“可能；该可能；该”, 相当于相当于be expected to。往往。往往指具有一定的客观根据指具有一定的客观

21、根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性可能性”进进行描述，语气上不如行描述，语气上不如must强。强。Mr. Black must be home by now.Mr. Black ought to / should be home by now.布莱克先生现在一定到家了。（肯定）布莱克先生现在一定到家了。（肯定）布莱克先生估计是到家了。（不能肯定）布莱克先生估计是到家了。（不能肯定）2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12： ：00

22、 A can B should C might D need3. Its nearly seven oclock Jack _ be here at any moment A must B need C should D can1. Will Mr. Wang offer us a hand? He _ be glad to He never refused our request A can B must C may D should 1. will 作情态动词用时在陈述句中可作情态动词用时在陈述句中可用各人称作主语用各人称作主语, 表示其表示其 “意志意志” “意意愿愿” “决心决心”等等

23、.I will never do that again.I will give up smoking. Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. No, I.A. dont B. cant C. wont D. couldntwill 和和would 的用法的用法2. will 在疑问句中用第二人称作主语在疑问句中用第二人称作主语, 表表示说话人向对方示说话人向对方提出请示或询问提出请示或询问. 不如不如would委婉委婉Will /Would you pass me the book?Will he pay for me?Wo

24、uld you like to come with us?3. will 有时表示一种习惯动作或状态或自然规有时表示一种习惯动作或状态或自然规律律. (表示习惯表示习惯, 经常性经常性, 倾向性倾向性)惯于惯于, 总是总是(会会), 终归是终归是 。Boys will be boys. 男孩终归是男孩。男孩终归是男孩。 Matches will not strike if they are damp. 火柴潮湿就擦不着。火柴潮湿就擦不着。 The door _ open.这门经常打不开。这门经常打不开。 wont1.would 可用于各人称可用于各人称, 表示过去时间的表示过去时间的 “意志意

25、志” “愿望愿望” 和和 决心决心”.2. would 表示说话人本身的表示说话人本身的 “意志意志” 或向对或向对方提出方提出 “请求请求.3. would 还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作.He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （现在可能散步也可能不散步了）现在可能散步也可能不散步了）used to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。但现在已不复存在了。 He would take a walk near the forest in the

26、 evening. （而现在不散步了）而现在不散步了）Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. wouldvery uncertainalmost certainmightshouldmustmaycouldought towill1.He _ be at home.2.He _ be at home, for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago.A.may B.might

27、 C.must A.may B.might C.must (can)5.Making requests (提出要求提出要求):will can could wouldinformalformal1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Dare (need) +S +VS + darent (neednt) +VI darent walk through the forest at night.Dare you walk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.Need he

28、 do it all at once?可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare dare ,need 的用法的用法2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中, 有人称、有人称、时态、和数的变化时态、和数的变化He needs to go there himself.He has grown up,we dont need to worry about him.3.Sth (sb) need( want, require)+ doing/ to be done(被动语态被动语态) The house needs cleaning/ to be

29、cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.句句型型时态时态情态动词情态动词dare实义动词实义动词 dare肯肯定定句句现在时现在时 dare dodare/dares to do过去时过去时 dared dodared to do否否定定句句现在时现在时darent/dare not dodo/does not dare (to) do过去时过去时 dared not do did not dare (to) do疑疑问问句句 现在时现在时 Dare he do? Do you/Does he dare (to) do? 过去

30、时过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do 1.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say2.I wonder how she the drunken sailor the other day. A. dare fighting off B. dared fight off C. dare to fight off D. dared fighting off3.The dog hibernate(冬眠冬眠) in

31、 winter. A. dont need B. doesnt need to C. needs not to D. needs not注意对注意对need问句的回答问句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have toneednt 对其它情态动词的回答对其它情态动词的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _. neednt (dont have to)

32、 neednt(dont have to)1. must + have + 过去分词，表示现过去分词，表示现在对在对过去过去事物的推测。事物的推测。 情态动词情态动词+have + P.P.He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. 已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了2. cant/couldnt+have+P.P表示对表示对过过去去某事的某事的否定否定猜测猜测He

33、 couldnt have been to that town.3. may(might)+ have+P.P, 表示对表示对过去过去事事情的猜测情的猜测, 认为某事认为某事“可能可能”发生发生. (might比比may更含蓄更含蓄,或更不肯定或更不肯定.)He may (might) have played electric game on TV the whole night. (For he looks very sleepy.)could+have+P.Pa.表示本来能做得到表示本来能做得到, 但事实上未做到但事实上未做到can+have+P.Pb. 表示对过去事情的推测表示对过去事情

34、的推测(只用于疑只用于疑问句问句) He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.He didnt come back last night . What could have happened to him？4. should/ ought to + have +P.P.过去本过去本该做，而事实上却没有做该做，而事实上却没有做，表，表 “责备责备” 或或 “惋惜惋惜” should not / ought not to + have + P.P. 过去本过去本不该做，而事实上却做了不该做，而事实上却做了，表，

35、表 “责备责备” 或或 “惋惜惋惜”The plant is dead. I should have given it more water.You should not have left your baby alone in the house.5. neednt + have + P.P.表示表示本来不必本来不必做，但做了做，但做了.She need not have attend the meeting yesterday, but she did.(她昨天本不必参加会议，可她参加了她昨天本不必参加会议，可她参加了.)1. The river is rising. It _last n

36、ight.A.must be raining B. must rain C. might have rained D. must have rained2. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been3.- We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. - He it.A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended

37、 D. would have not attended4. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journeyA. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been5. You yesterday if you were really serious about your work.A. ought to come B. ought to be comin

38、gC. ought to have come D. ought have come 6. You _ all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant. A. didnt need to carry B. neednt have carried C. neednt carry D. didnt need carry7.Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should

39、 have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving8. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told1. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may

40、 D. can 2. -Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. -It _ Harrys. He always wears green. A.has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be 3. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers_ not like the design of the furniture. A. must B. shall C. may D. need 4. Children un

41、der 12 years of age in that country_ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need 5. The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 6. I _ pay Tom a visit, but Im no

42、t sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could 7. -I dont mind telling you what I know. -You _. Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 8. -Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. -You_ have my computer if you dont take

43、 care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 9. -Excuse me. Is that the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, Im not sure, but it _ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can 10. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can 1

44、1. You _ be tired-youve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not 12. -Who is the girl standing over there? - Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall13. There_ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the

45、driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 14. -Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. - She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt15. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn

46、t D. cant 16. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt 17. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put 18. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. co

47、uld B. would C. must D. need 19. I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A.should have been doing B. must have been C. could have done D. would have done 20. - Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? - Something _ to h

48、im. A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 21. - Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. - Well. He _ have gone far-his coat is still here. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt 22. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. - Thank

49、s. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done23. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. -Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties! A. may go though B. might go through C. ought to have g

50、one through D. must have gone though 24. - Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. -You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 用于虚拟语气的情态动词用于虚拟语气的情态动词: should might could wouldneednt ought to情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法If 条件句中条件句中的的情态动词情态动词从句动词从句动词主句动词主句

51、动词与现在事实相反过去式（be一般用were）should/would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should/would+have done与将来事实可能相反1.过去式2.should+do3.were to+doshould/would+动词原形should 用在用在 suggest, propose, advise， order， demand， request， desire， insist 等表示等表示“建建议议”、“要求要求”、“命令命令”、“决定决定”、“主张主张”等动词后面接的宾语从句中。这里的等动词后面接的宾语从句中。这里的 should 也也可以省略。可以省略。

52、 He suggested/ proposed/ demanded/ advised that they （should） read the rules carefully.他建议他建议 / 提议提议 / 要求要求 / 劝告他们要仔细阅读这些劝告他们要仔细阅读这些规则。规则。 should用在用在“ It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ decided ”之之后由后由 that 引导的主语从句中，引导的主语从句中， should 也可也可以省略。以省略。It is requested that Miss Yang （sh

53、ould） give a performance at the party. 人们要求杨小姐在聚会上表演一人们要求杨小姐在聚会上表演一个节目。个节目。 should 用在用在 suggestion， motion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， request， decision， 等名词后面接的表语从句或同位语等名词后面接的表语从句或同位语从句中，从句中， should 也可以省略。也可以省略。We all agreed to his suggestion （proposal） that we （should） go to Nanjing for

54、a visit. 我们都同意他提出的要我们我们都同意他提出的要我们 到南京去游览的建议。到南京去游览的建议。 （ should 用于同位语从句中）用于同位语从句中） should 用在用在“ It is / was necessary/ important/ strange/ incredible ”或或“ It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder ”之后由之后由 that 引导引导的主语从句中，的主语从句中， should 有有“应该应该”、“必必须须”、“竟然竟然”、“居然居然”之意。之意。It is necessary that he （should） be se

55、nt there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。有必要马上派他到那里去。 But for和和 without 引出虚拟语气引出虚拟语气1. Without electricity human life _quite different today.A.is B. will be C. would have been D. would be2. But for your help, we _ the task on time. do not finish B. will not finish C. would not have finished D. would not finish

56、情态动词短语的使用情态动词短语的使用:would like to dowould rather dowould rather + 从句从句would prefer to do.had better do.情态动词特殊短语用法情态动词特殊短语用法can和和 could 的一些固定搭配的一些固定搭配1.cant/couldnt help doing 忍不住；不禁忍不住；不禁 He cant help laughing.2.cant/couldnt but + 动词原形动词原形 只好只好 ；不得不；不得不I couldnt but admit that he was right and I was wrong.我不得不承认他对了，我错了。3.cannot/couldnt too + 副词副词/形容词形容词; cannot/couldnt +副词副词/形容词形容词 + enough无论无论也不过分；也不过分； 越越越好越好You cant be too careful when crossing the street.I cannot thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。我