代词one,theone,that及those的用法辨析

1、v1.0可编辑可修改代词one, the one, that 及those 的用法辨析李春【来源：新高考(高三语数外)】代词辨析实际上是一类比较难的试题，很多同学往往混淆其中难以理清，本文就有关易混的几个代词来作一下重点的剖析并通过强化训练来帮助同学们更 好地掌握有关代词的用法：一、代词one与the one 的用法请看以下几个例句：(1) It is a very colorful eve nt, one that has become an in stituti on (习俗，风俗)for celebrating the King or Queen' s birthday sinc

2、e 1805.(2) Meeting my uncle after all these years is an unforgettable moment, one that I will treasure forever.(3) Tomwants to buy a birthday present for his mother, one that is useful but not expe nsive.(4) Never forget that within even the weakest of humanbodies lies a lifethat is precious in deed

3、 one that n eeds to be respected and hono red.分析通过对以上例句的观察我们可以发现代词one在以上例句中均充当同位语这一成分，且代词one后面都有由that引导的定语从句来修饰，此处为何 选择使用one呢 因为此处代词one分别指前文中的a very colorful eve nt，an unforgettablemoment ，a birthday present，a life ，也就是说 one 词表示泛指(且只能指代可数名词)，指代前文中的泛指结构，前文中泛指结构中通常 有不定代词a。请比较下一个例题：All of us have the d

4、esire to visit the three mai n temples in Athe ns，especially the one that contains a gold and ivory statue of Athe na.分析此例中使用了代词the one，此处的the one成分也为同位语且后面也 跟带有that引导的定语从句，但是此处的the one指代的是前文中的the three main temples中的一座庙，前文所提及的三座庙本为特指，因此后续句中的代 词也应使用特指来指代，指雅典的三座庙中的那一座“有金和象牙铸成的雅典娜 雕像”的庙。【典题例析】Last Sun

5、 day, I went shopp ing for the perfect dress， would make me lookyounger.（ 2009苏州高三调研）A. one in which B. the one in which C. one that D. the one that分析本例中选择代词the one，因为the one 代替前面的the perfect dress 为特指，因此，此处的同位语使用the one，并且不定代词为先行词后面应使用 that来引导。故答案为D。二、代词that的用法代词that的指代为特指，并且我们通常归纳为“同物异指”，即代词that指代

6、的物体与前文中的物体是同样的名称，但是有不同的内涵，另外代词that可以指代前文中的不可数名词，如：The climate of Jili n is not so mild as that of Jia ngsu.吉林的气候不女口江苏温和。代词that指代前文中climate，同样都是climate，前文中为吉林的气候， 而后文中that所指代的气候是江苏的气候，名称相同但内涵不一样，这就是所 谓的“同物异指”。此处代词that指代的climate即为不可数名词。代词that 与one的区别：that指代可数名词单数或者不可数名词，为特指，that代替可数名词单数时等同于the one。one

7、指代可数名词单数，为泛指。The weather in Beiji ng in win ter is colder tha n that of Sha nghai. 北 京的天气比上海的天气要冷。As they are retired ，Mr. and Mrs. Scot prefer a house in the countryto one in a large city.因为他们退休了，司各特先生和太太宁愿要一座农村里的房子也不愿要一座大城市里的房子。【典题例析】Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in t

8、heir approach to educati ng their childre n compared with of their pare nts. （2009江苏卷）A. those B. one C. both D. that分析此例中的代词that指代前文中的approach为特指，前文中approach 为90%的父母教育孩子的方法，而后文中代词that所指代的approach为这90% 的父母的父母教育他们的方法，代词that为“同物异指”。故答案为D。三、代词those的用法that可代替不可数名词，也可代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词单数时等 同于the one，表示特指意义；

9、those只能代替可数名词复数，等同于the ones。 The days in summer are Ion ger tha n those in wi nter.夏天要比冬天长一些。分析代词those指代前文中的复数the days。【典题例析】Despite the negative image of nuclear energy, actually its public safety risks are no greater than of fossil fuels. （ 2011南京三调）A. one B. that C. them D. those分析代词those指代前文中的pu

10、blic safety risks，指代前文中的复数名词用those符合题意，句子意思为：尽管核能的形象比较负面，但是实际上核能 的公共安全危害性还不如矿物燃料的公共安全危害性大。故答案为Do专项训练1. Mike, have you ever heard of the latest water heater using solaren ergyYes, of course, but I haven ' t decided whether to buy . （ 2011南通一调）A. it B. one C. this D. that2. The cost of renting a h

11、ouse in central Xi' an is higher than in anyother area of the city. （ 2010陕西卷）A. that B. this C. it D. one3. The high housing price has becomea serious problem amongyoung peoplein China, the government hasn' t yet found a better solution to. （ 2011泰州一模）A. the one B. that C. one D. those4. My

12、 most famous relative of all, who really left his mark on America,was Rob Sussel, my great-gra ndfather.A. one B. the one C. he D. some one5. He in the U. K. for about ten years so far, but his lifestyle differslittle from of his people back in China.A. has lived; those B. had bee n liv ing; onesC.

13、has bee n livi ng; that D. has bee n livi ng; one6. What do you thi nk of the book Harry PotterHarry Potter is a world of magic and won ders, any thi ng can happe n.A. one that B. one which C. the one where D. one where7. To prevent cybercrimes more efficiently, it is important to make newlaws and create intern ati onal sta ndards for them similar to concerning intern ati onal airspace.A. that